Role of reactive elements in alloy protection

References

• D. P. WHITTLE and J. STRINGER: Philos. Trans. R. Soc., 1980, A295, 309-329.
   Google Scholar
• H. HINDAM and D. P. W HirrLE: Oxid. Met., 1982, 18, 245–284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. J. BENNETT: in Proc. Conf. on ‘High temperature corro-sion’), (ed. R. A. Rapp), NACE-6, 145-154; 1983, Houston, TX, NACE.
   Google Scholar
• D. P. WHITTLE, M. E. EL-DAHSHAN, and J. STRINGER: Corros. Sci., 1977, 17, 879–891.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Y. HOU and J. STRINGER: Oxid. Met., 1988, 29, 45–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. STRINGER, B. A. WILCOX, and R. I. JAFFEE: Oxid. Met., 1972, 5, 11–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. M. FLOWER and B. A. WILCOX: Corros. Sci., 1977, 17, 253–264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. M. ECER and G. H. MEIER: Oxid. Met., 1979, 13, 159–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Y. }mu and J. STRINGER: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1987, 87, 295–302.
   Google Scholar
• T. N. RIYS-JONES, H. J. GRABICE, and H. KUDIELKA: Corros. Sci., 1987, 27, 49–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. J. BENNETT, G. DEARNALEY, M. R. HOULTON, and R. W. M. HAWES: in ‘Ion implantation into metals’, (ed. V. Ashworth et al.), 264-276; 1982, Oxford, Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• D. N. BRASKI, P. D. GOODELL, J. V. CATHCART, and R. H. KANE: Oxid. Met., 1986, 25, 29–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. N. RHYS-JONES, H. J. GRABKE, and H. KUDIELKA: Werkst. Korros., 1987, 38, 65–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. S. GIGGINS and F. S. PETTIT: Metall. Trans., 1971, 2, 1071–1078.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. A. KVERNES: Oxid. Met., 1973, 6, 45-64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. LANDKOF, A. V. LEVY, D. H. BOONE, R. GRAY, and E. YANIV: Corrosion, 1985, 41, 344–357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. SAITO, T. MARUYAMA, and T. AMANO: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1987, 87, 275–280.
   Google Scholar
• M. s. and B. A. WILCOX: Metall. Trans., 1972, 3, 2357–2362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. S. SELTZER: Metall. Trans., 1972, 3, 3259–3260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. G. WRIGHT, B. A. WILCOX, and R. I. JAFFEE: Oxid Met., 1975, 9, 275–305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. DELAUNAY, A. M. HUNTZ, and P. LACOMBE: Scr. Metall., 1979, 13, 419–424.
   Google Scholar
• C. WAGNER: Corros. Sci., 1965, 5, 751–764.
   Google Scholar
• o. T. GONCEL: in Proc. 8th Int. Congr. on ‘Metallic corrosion’, Vol. 1, 681-686; 1981, Frankfurt, DECHEMA.
   Google Scholar
• A. ATKINSON: Rev. Mod. Phys., 1985, 57, 437–470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. H. sTorr: Rep. Pragr. Phys., 1987, 50, 861–913.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. ATKINSON, R. I. TAYLOR, and A. E. HUGHES: Philos. Mag. A, 1982, 45, 823–833.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. A. MOOSA and S. J. ROTHMAN: Oxid. Met., 1985, 24, 133–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. ATKINSON: J. Phys. (Paris), 1985, C4, 379-391.
   Google Scholar
• A. ATKINSON, F. C. W. PUMMERY, and C. MONTY: in ‘Transport in non-stoichiornetric compounds’, (ed. G. Simkovich et al.), 359-370: 1985, New York, Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• J. S. SHEASBY, D. S. COX, and B. GLEESON: in ‘Oxidation of metals and associated mass transport’, (ed. M. A. Dayananda et al.), 249-261; 1987, Warrendale, PA., The Metallurgical Society of AIME.
   Google Scholar
• A. ATKINSON and D. W. SMART: Proc. Electrochem. Soc., 1988, 88, (5), 296–305.
   Google Scholar
• D. P. MOON: Surf Interface Anal. , 1988, 12, 27–34.
   Google Scholar
• A. ATKINSON and R. I. TAYLOR: in ‘Transport in non-stoichiometric compounds’, (ed. G. Simkovich et al.), 285-295; 1985, New York, Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• J. H. PARK, W. E. KING, N. L. PETERSON, and S. J. ROTHMAN: in ‘Oxidation of metals and associated mass transport’, (ed. M. A. Dayananda et al.), 103-107; 1987, Warrendale, PA, The Metallurgical Society of AIME.
   Google Scholar
• E. W. A. YOUNG: PhD thesis, University of Utrecht, 1986 (report of work with J. H. Gerretsen, and J. H. W. De Wit).
   Google Scholar
• E. W. A. YOUNG and J. H. W. DE WIT: Solid State Ionics, 1985, 16, 39–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. BEN ABDERRAZIK, G. MOULIN, A. M. HUNTZ, E. W. A. YOUNG, and J. H. W. DE WIT: Solid State Ionics, 1987, 22, 285–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. M. HUNTZ: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1987, 87, 251–260.
   Google Scholar
• F. A. GOLIGHTLY, F. H. STOTT, and G. C. WOOD: Oxid. Met., 1976, 10, 163–187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. P. MOON, C. R. M. GROVENOR, P. E. BATSON, and A. P. surroN: in Conf. on ‘Physics of oxidation’, Oxford, 1985, Royal Society of Chemistry.
   Google Scholar
• D. P. MOON: PhD thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. 42: C. M. COTELL, G. J. YUREK, R. J. HUSSEY, D. F. MITCHELL, and M. J. GRAHAM: Proc. Electrochem. Soc., 1988, 88, (5), 268–277.
   Google Scholar
• K. PRZYBYLSKI, A. J. GARRATT-REED, and G. I. YUREK: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1988, 135, 509–517.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. J. YUREK, K. PRZYBYLSKI, and A. J. GARRATT-REED: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1987, 134, 2643–2644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. PRZYBYLSKI, A. J. GARRATT-REED, B. A. PINT, E. P. KATZ, and G. J. YUREK: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1987, 134, 3207–3208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. A. RAMANARAYANAN, R. AYER, R. PETKOVIC-LUTON, and D. P. LETA: Oxid. Met., 1988, 29, 445–472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. J. BENNETT, J. A. DESPORT, M. R. HOULTON, P. A. LABUN, and J. M. TITCHMARSH: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1988, 4, 1107–1113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. T. CHADWICK and R. I. TAYLOR: in Proc. 9th Int. Congr. on ‘Metallic corrosion’, Vol. 3, 381-388; 1984, Ottawa, ON, NRC Canada.
   Google Scholar
• A. ATKINSON and R. I. TAYLOR: J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1986, 47, 315–323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. W. TASKER: ‘Impurity dissolution in nickel oxide: Ce02 and NiA1204’, UICAEA Report No. AERE-M3292, Harwell Laboratory, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• R. I. TAYLOR: Personal communication, Harwell Laboratory, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• A. T. CHADWICK and R. I. TAYLOR: Solid State Ionics, 1984, 12, 343–351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. ATKINSON, D. W. SMART, and R. I. TAYLOR: Werkst. Korros., 1987, 38, 704–709.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. R. NOTIS, B. BENDER, and D. B. WILLIAMS: Adv. Ceram., 1981, 1, 91–100.
   Google Scholar
• A. ATKINSON, D. P. MOON, D. W. SMART, and R. I. TAYLOR: J. Mater. Sci., 1986,21, 1747–1757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. M. ECER, R. B. SINGH, and G. H. MEIER: Oxid. Met., 1982, 18, 55–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. M. DUFFY and P. W. TASKER: J. Phys. (Paris), 1985, C4, 185-195.
   Google Scholar
• H. NAGAI and M. OKABAYASHI: Trans. Jpn Inst. Met., 1981, 22, 101–108.
   Google Scholar
• D. M. DUFFY and P. W. TASKER: Philos. Mag. A, 1986, 54, 759–771.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. T. CHADWICK and R. I. TAYLOR: J. Microsc., 1985, 140, 221–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. GALERIE, M. CAILLET, and M. PONS: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1985, 69, 329–340.
   Google Scholar
• G. M. cRosem: Corros. Sci., 1977, 17, 913–915.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. NAGAI, T. MURAL and H. MITANE Trans. Jpn Inst. Met., 1980, 21, 563–572.
   Google Scholar
• J. C. PIVIN: in Proc. 9th Int. Congr. on ‘Metallic corrosion’, Vol. 4, 10-19; 1984, Ottawa, ON, NRC Canada.
   Google Scholar
• D. G. LEES: Oxid. Met., 1987, 27, 75–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. K. KIM, K. PRZYBYLSKI, and G. J. YUREK: Proc. Electrochem. Soc., 1986, 86, (9), 259–281.
   Google Scholar
• H. V. ATKINSON: PhD thesis, University of London, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• H. E. EVANS and R. C. LOBB: in Proc. 9th Int. Congr. On ‘Metallic corrosion’, Vol. 2, 46-53; 1984, Ottawa, ON, NRC Canada.
   Google Scholar
• AL J. BENNETT and A. T. TUSON: ‘Improved high temperature oxidation behaviour of alloys by ion implantation’, UKAEA Report. no. AERE-R13309, Harwell Laboratory, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• A. ATKINSON: Corros. Sci., 1982, 22, 347–357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. A. RAMANARAYANAN, M. RAGHAVAN, and R. PETKOVIC-LUTON: Oxid. Met., 1984, 22, 83–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. A. RAMANARAYANAN, M. RAGHAVAN, and R. PERKOVIC-URRON: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1984, 131, 923–931.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. B. ANDERSON, S. P. MEHANDRU, and J. L. SMIALEK: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1985, 132, 1695–1701.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. M. HUNTZ, G. BEN ABDERRAZIK, G. MOULIN, E. W. A. YOUNG, and J. H. W. DE WIT: Appl. Surf. Sci., 1987, 28, 345–366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. PRZYBYLSKI and S. MROWEC: in Proc. 9th Int. Congr. on ‘Metallic corrosion’, Vol. 1, 47-52; 1984, Ottawa, ON, NRC Canada.
   Google Scholar
• K. P. R. REDDY, J. L. SMIALEK, and A. R. COOPER: Oxid. Met., 1982, 17, 429–449.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. L. SMIALEK: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1979, 126, 2275–2276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. DELAUNAY and A. M. HUNTZ: J. Mater. Sci., 1982, 17, 2027–2036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. NANNI, C. T. H. STODDART, and E. D. HONDROS: Mater. Chem., 1976, 1, 297–320.
   Google Scholar
• B. LESAGE, A. M. HUNTZ, and G. PETOT-ERVAS: Radiat. Eff, 1983, 75, 283–299.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. H. LAGRANGE, A. M. HUNTZ, and J. H. DAVIDSON: Corros. Set., 1984, 24, 613–627.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. W. A. YOUNG and J. H. W. DE WIT: Oxid. Met., 1986, 26, 351–361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. JEDLINSKI and S. MROWEC: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1987, 87, 281–287.
   Google Scholar
• F. H. STOTT, J. S. PUNNI, G. C. WOOD, and G. DEARNALEY: in ‘Ion implantation into metals’, (ed. V. Ashworth et al.), 245-254; 1982, Oxford, Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• C. H. YANG, G. E. WELSCH, and T. E. MITCHELL: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1985, 69, 351–357.
   Google Scholar
• K. Ritzvavtsto: in Proc. 10th Int. Symp. on ‘Reactivity of solids’, Dijon, 1984, 241-246.
   Google Scholar
• M. J. BENNETT, B. A. BELLAMY, C. F. KNIGHTS, N. MEADOWS, and N. J. EYRE: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1985, 69, 359–373.
   Google Scholar
• M. J. BENNETT, J. A. DESPORT, and P. A. LABUN: in Proc. 43rd Annual Meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America (EMSA), (ed. G. W. Bailey), 270-271; 1985, San Francisco Press.
   Google Scholar
• D. DELAUNAY, A. M. HUNTZ, and P. LACOMBE: Corros. Set., 1980, 20, 1109–1117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. M. ECER and G. H. MEIER: in ‘Properties of high temperature alloys’, (ed. Z. A. Foroulis et al.), 279-310; 1976, Princeton, NJ, The Electrochemical Society.
   Google Scholar
• J. K. TIEN and F. S. PETTIT: Metall. Trans., 1972, 3, 1587–1599.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. KUMAR, M. NASRALLAH, and D. L. DOUGLASS: Oxid. Met., 1974, 8, 227–263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. E. KING, J. H. PARK, J. L. ROUTBORT, and K. C. GORETTA: Oxid. Met., 1988, 29, 217–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. F. TORTORELLI and J. R. KEISER: ‘Response of oxide scales to energetic particle impact: initial results and evaluation of experimental technique’, ORNL Report TM-10690, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• H. HINDAM, J. J. HECHLER, and D. P. WHITTLE: in Proc. 9th Int. Congr. on ‘Metallic corrosion’, Vol. 3, 353-359; 1984, Ottawa, ON, NRC Canada.
   Google Scholar
• M. J. BENNETT, H. E. BISHOP, P. R. CHALKER, and A. T. TUSON: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1987, 90, 177–190.
   Google Scholar
• J. D. KUENZLY and D. L. DouGtass: Oxid. Met., 1974, 8, 139–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. P. WHITTLE and D. H. BOONE: Mater. Sci. Res., 1981, 14, 487–502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. S. GIGGINS and F. S. PETTIT: ‘Oxide scale adherence mechan-isms and the effect of yttrium oxide particles and externally applied loads on the oxidation of NiCrAl and CoCrAl alloys’, Tech. Report ARL-TR-75-0234, Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Co., East Hartford, CT, 1975.
   Google Scholar
• A. A. ASHARY: PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• It PFEIFFER: Werkst. Korros., 1957, 8, 574–579.
   Google Scholar
• I. M. ALLAM, D. P. WHITTLE, and J. STRINGER: Oxid. Met., 1978, 12, 35–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. HINDAM and D. P. WHITTLE: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1982, 129, 1147–1149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. M. ALLAM, D. P. WHITTLE, and J. STRINGER: Oxid. Met., 1979, 13, 381–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. PENDSE and J. STRINGER: Oxid. Met., 1985, 23, 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. C. WOOD, J. A. RICHARDSON, M. G. HOBBY, and J. BOUSTEAD: Corros. Sci., 1969, 9, 659–671.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. L. PANDEY, S. PRAKASH, and Al. L. MIIITA: in Proc. 9th Int. Congr. on ‘Metallic corrosion’, Vol. 3, 389-393; 1984, Ottawa, ON, NRC Canada.
   Google Scholar
• P. Y. HOU and J. STRINGER: in Proc. MRS Symp., Nov. 1987.
   Google Scholar
• F. H. STOTT: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1988, 4, 431–438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. J. BENNETT: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 1984, 2, 800–805.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. G. SMEGGIL, A. W. FUNKENBUSCH, and N. S. BORNSTEIN: Thin Solid Films, 1984, 119, 327–335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. G. SMEGGIL, A. W. FUNKENBUSCH, and N. S. BORNSTEIN: High Temp. Sci., 1985, 20, 163–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. C. PIVIN, C. ROQUES-CARMES, J. CHAUMONT, and H. BERNAS: Corros. Sci., 1980, 20, 947–962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. isuzi: -Metall. Trans., 1980, 11A, 1965–1972.
   Google Scholar
• W. E. KING, N. L. PETERSON, and J. F. REDDY: J. Phys. ( Paris), 1985, C4, 423-428.
   Google Scholar
• A. M. STONEHAM and K. S. SONG: ‘The basic atomic process of corrosion: III Evolution of microstructure’, UKAEA Report No. AERE-TP705, Harwell Laboratory, 1977.
   Google Scholar
• C. S. GIGGINS, B. H. KEAR, F. S. PETTIT, and J. K. TIEN: Metall. Trans., 1974, 5, 1685–1688.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. G. SMEGGIL: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1987, 87, 261–265.
   Google Scholar
• G. C. WOOD: Werkst. Korros., 1971, 22, 491–503.
   Google Scholar
• C. A. BARRETT, A. S. KHAN, and C. E. LOWELL: J. Electrochem. Soc., 1981, 128, 25–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. L. SMIALEK and R. BROWNING: Pale. Electrochem. Soc., 1986, 86, (2), 258–272.
   Google Scholar
• H. NAGAI, M. OKABAYASHI, and H. MITANI: Trans. Jpn Inst. Met., 1980, 21, 341–348.
   Google Scholar
• D. T. MICHELS: Metall. Trans., 1976, 7A, 379–388.
   Google Scholar
• A. W. FUNKENBUSCH, J. G. SMEGGIL, and N. S. BORNSTEIN: Metall. Trans., 1985, 16A, 1164-1.166.
   Google Scholar
• J. L. SMIALEK: Proc. Electrochem. Soc., 1988, 88, (5), 241–253.
   Google Scholar
• J. L. SMIALEK: Metall. Trans., 1987, 18A, 164–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. R. SIGLER: Oxid. Met., 1988, 29, 23–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. G. SMEGGIL: Proc. Electrochem. Soc., 1988, 88, (5), 234–240.
   Google Scholar
• L. B. PFEIL: ‘Improvements in heat resistant allloys’, UK Patent No. 459848, 1937.
   Google Scholar
• F. COSANDEY, D. LI, F. SCZERZENIE, and J. K. TIEN: Metall. Trans., 1983, 14A, 611–621.
   Google Scholar
• J. G. SMEGGIL, A. W. FUNKENBUSCH, and N. S. BORNSTEIN: Metall. Trans., 1986, 17A, 923–932.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. L. LUTHRA and C. L. BRIANT: Oxid. Met., 1986, 26, 397–416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. PRZYBYLSKI and G. J. YUREK: Mater. Sci. Forum, 1989, 43, 1-73.
   Google Scholar
• W. D. JENNINGS, G. S. CHOTTINER, and G. M. MICHAL: Surf. Interface Anal., 1988, 11, 377–382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. B. PFEIL: ‘Improvements relating to heat-resisting alloys containing chromium’, UK Patent No. 574088, 1945.
   Google Scholar
• Y. SAll'O, T. MARUYAMA, M. UEMATSU, and Y. IKUMA: Proc. Electrochem. Soc., 1988, 88, (5), 278–285.
   Google Scholar
• J. E. ANTILL and K. A. PEAKALL: J. Iron Steel Inst., 1967, 205, 1136–1142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. L. NELSON, J. D. F. RAMSAY, J. L. WOODHEAD, J. A. CAIRNS, and J. A. A. caossLEy: Thin Solid Films, 1981, 81, 329–337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. G. SMEGGIL and A. J. SHUSKUS: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, 1986, 4, 2577–2582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. NATH, N. EYRE, and G. DEARNALEY: Nucl. Instrum. Methods B, 1985, 10/11, 580–582.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. J. BENNETT, M. R. HOULTON, and G. DEARNALEY: Corros. Sci., 1980, 20, 69–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. j. BENNETT, J. B. PRICE, and D. J. SAVAGE: ‘The oxidation behaviour of a 20%Cr-25%Ni—Nb stabilized stainless steel in carbon dioxide at high temperatures and its improvement by cerium and yttrium’, UKAEA Report No. AERE-R11228, Harwell Laboratory, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• F. H. STOTT, G. C. WOOD, and F. A. GOLIGHTLY: Corros. Sci., 1979, 19, 869–888.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. C. PIVIN, D. DELAUNAY, C. ROQUES-CARMES, A. M. HUNTZ, and P. LACOMBE: Corros. Sci., 1980, 20, 351–373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. J. BENNETT, as. It. HOULTON, and J. B. PRICE: ‘New ceramic coatings for high temperature gas cooled reactor materials performance’, UKAEA Report no. AERE-R10169, Harwell Laboratory, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• J. A. DESPORT, P. T. MOSELEY, and D. E. WILLIAMS: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1982, 1, 288–291.
   Google Scholar