Export of Electronics Equipment Waste

References

• LaDou J. Printed circuit board industry. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006; 209: 211–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Environmental Protection Agency, 1997. Design for the Envi-ronment. http://www.epa.gov/dfe/.
   Google Scholar
• Luthje B. Why China matters in global electronics. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2003; 9: 345–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morf LS, Tremp J, Gloor R., et al Brominated flame retardants in waste electrical and electronic equipment: substance flows in a recycling plant. Environ Sci Technol. 2005;15; 39: 8691–3699.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CH, Chang CT, Fan KS, Chang TC. An overview of recycling and treatment of scrap computers. J Hazard Mater. 2004; 114: 93–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veit HM, Diehl TR, Salami AP., et al Utilization of magnetic and electrostatic separation in the recycling of printed circuit boards scrap. Waste Manage. 2005; 25: 67–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ban BC, Song JY, Lim JY., et al Studies on the reuse of waste printed circuit board as an additive for cement mortar. J Envi-ron Sci. 2005; 40: 645–56.
   Google Scholar
• Chen YR Chang CY, Chen CC, et al. Decomposition of 2-mer-captothiazoline in aqueous solution by ozonation. Chemos-phere. 2004; 56: 133–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh CJ, Lee SO, Yang HS., et al Selective leaching of valuable metals from waste printed circuit boards. J Air Waste Manage Assoc. 2003; 53: 897–902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rang HY, Schoenung JM. Economic analysis of electronic waste recycling: modeling the cost and revenue of a materials recov-ery facility in California. Environ Sci Technol. 2006; 40: 1672–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CH, Hsi CS. Recycling of scrap cathode ray tubes. Environ Sci Technol. 2002; 36: 69–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macauley M, Palmer K, Shih JS. Dealing with electronic waste: modeling the costs and environmental benefits of computer monitor disposal. J Environ Manage. 2003; 68: 13–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen HW. Exposure and health risk of gallium, indium, and arsenic from semiconductor manufacturing industry workers. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007; 78: 5-9. 2007; 78: 123–7.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka A. Toxicity of indium arsenide, gallium arsenide, and aluminium gallium arsenide [review]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004; 198: 405–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao VII, Yu HS, Ho CK., et al Biological monitoring of expo-sures to aluminium, gallium, indium, arsenic, and antimony in optoelectronic industry workers. J Occup Environ Med. 2004; 46: 931–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt CW. Unfair trade: e-waste in Africa. Environ Health Perspect. 2006; 114: 232–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basel Action Network. Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trash-ing of Asia. http://www.ban.org/#toorderexportingharmthevideo.
   Google Scholar
• Greenpeace. Toxic technology contaminates e-waste recycling yards in China and India. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/press/releases/toxic-technology-contaminates.
   Google Scholar
• Greenpeace. India being treated as a dumping ground. http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/19/stories/2005081904291400.htm.
   Google Scholar
• China Development Brief. Reporting the latest news on China's social development. http://www.chinadevelopmentbrief.com/node/411.
   Google Scholar
• Puckett J. High-tech& apos;s dirty little secret. The economics and ethics of the electronic waste trade. In: Smith T, Sonnenfeld DA, Pellow DN (eds). Challenging the Chip: Labor Rights and Envi-ronmental Justice in the Global Electronics Industry. Philadel-phia, PA: Temple University Press, 2006; chapter 20.
   Google Scholar
• Liu X, Tanaka M, Matsui Y. Electrical and electronic waste man-agement in China: progress and the barriers to overcome. Waste Manage Res. 2006; 24: 92–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong MH, Wu SC, Deng WJ., et al Export of toxic chemicals-a review of the case of uncontrolled electronic-waste recycling. Environ Pollut. 2007; 149: 131–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Yu L, Sheng G, Fu J, Peng P. Severe PCDD/F and PBDD/F pollution in the air around an electronic waste dismantling area in China. Environ Sci Technol. 2007; 41: 5641–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairclough F. Lead toxins take a global round trip. ‘E-waste’ from computers discarded in West turns up in China's exported trinkets. Wall Street Journal. July 12, 2007; page B1
   Google Scholar
• Geiser K, Tickner J. International Environmental Agreements and the Information Technology Industry. In: Smith S, Son-nenfeld DA, Pellow DN (eds). Challenging the Chip: Labor Rights and Environmental Justice in the Global Electronics Industry. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2006; chapter 23.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Environment Program. Basel Convention. http://www.baselint/.
   Google Scholar
• European Union, 2003. Directive 2003/ 108/EC of the Euro-pean Parliament and of the Council of 8 December 2003 amending Directive 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and elec-tronic equipment (WEEE). http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee_index.htm.
   Google Scholar
• European Union, 2002. Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Elec-trical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS). http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2003/1_037/1_03720030213en00190023.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• National Academy of Sciences. Linkages: Manufacturing Trends in Electronics Interconnection Technology. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2005. http://books.nap.edu/catalog/11515.html.
   Google Scholar
• European Union, 2002. Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee_index.htm.
   Google Scholar
• European Union, 2003. Directive 67/548/EEC on the Classifi-cation, Packaging and Labelling of Dangerous Substances, Annex 1, as last amended by Directive 2003/32/EC (28th ATP). !http://ec.europa.eu/environment/dansub/home_en.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Kieren MC. Strategic, financial, and design implications of extended producer responsibility in Europe: a producer case study. J Ind Ecology. 2007; 11: 113–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Europa. European Commission. Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH). http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/reach_intro.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Thacker PD. U.S. companies get nervous about EU's REACH. Environ Sci Technol. 2005; 39: 171–2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petry T, Knowles R, Meads R. An analysis of the proposed REACH regulation [review]. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006; 44: 24–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lahl U, Hawxwell KA. REACH-the new European chemicals law. Environ Sci Technol. 2006; 40: 7115–21. http://pubs.acs.org/subscribe/journals/esthag/40/i23/htm1/120106viewpointlahl.html.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission. Integrated Product Policy; Commission outlines its strategy to stimulate greener products. http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ipp/.
   Google Scholar
• European Union. Directive 2005/32/EC on the eco-design of Energy-using Products (EuP). http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/eco_design/index_en.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT). !http://www.epa.gov/oppt/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Louis GE. A historical context of municipal solid waste manage-ment in the United States. Waste Manag Res. 2004; 22: 306–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 2003. Elec-tronic Waste Recycling Act of 2003. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/electronics/act2003/.
   Google Scholar
• Rang HY, Schoenung JM. Estimation of future outflows and infrastructure needed to recycle personal computer systems in California. J Hazard Mater. 2006;pending.
   Google Scholar
• Computer Take Back Campaign. http://www.computertakeback.com/.
   Google Scholar
• Electronics Industry Code of Conduct (EICC). Global supply chain standards promote socially responsible business practices. !http://www.eicc.info/210ct2004.html.
   Google Scholar
• Japan: Home Appliance Recycling Law (HARL) .Japan: Law for the Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources (LPEUR). http://www.moea.state.mn.us/publications/betterbydesign.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Inform. Electric Appliance Recycling in Japan. http://www.informinc.org/fact.japanepr.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lee CH, Chang CT, Fan KS, Chang TC. An overview of recyclingand treatment of scrap computers. J Hazard Mater. 2004; 114: 93–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ban Action Network. Draft Hazardous Materials (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2007. http://www.ban.org/.
   Google Scholar