REFERENCES
- See for example Raymond Chevallier, Roman Roads (Batsford, London, 1976).
- A.H.M. Jones, The Later Roman Empire 284–602 (Oxford, 1964), 841–2.
- On the use of oxen in antiquity see A. Burford, "Heavy Transport in Classical Antiquity", The Economic History Review, Second Series, vol. XIII (August 1960) 1–18.
- Modern underwater archaeological techniques have greatly increased our knowledge. See for instance G.B. Bass (ed.), A history of seafaring based on underwater archaeology (Thames and Hudson, London, 1972).
- Throughout extracts have been taken from the translation by H.L. Jones, The Geography of Strabo (Loeb Classical Library, London, 8 vols., 1923–32).
- The translation quoted here is the one given in Raymond Chevalier, as Ref. 1, 24–5.
- For the Latin inscription see K.D. White, Roman Farming (Thames and Hudson, London, 1970), 482, ref. 57. The inscription was 'decoded' by Professor and Mrs A.R. Hall to whom my thanks.
- All the extracts from Pliny the Elder are from the translation by H. Racldiam and W.H.S. Jones, Natural History, ( Loeb Classical Library, London, 10 vols 1944-62).
- See for example Dorothy Summers, The Great Level, (David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1976), 23–4.
- J.G.D. Clark, "Report on Excavations on the Cambridgeshire Car Dyke", The Antiquaries Journal, Vol. XXIX, 1949, 145–163.
- P. Hunter Blair, Roman Britain and Early England (Cardinal, London, 1975), 132–3.
- J.G.D. Clark, as Re f. 10,148.
- All the extracts from Suetonius are from the translation by Robert Graves; Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, (Penguin, London, 1957).
- Most, but not all, of the quotations from The Annals are from the translation by A.J. Church and W.J. Brodribb: Tacitus, The Annals, (Enc. Brit., London, 1952).
- This extract is from the translation by A.J. Church and W.J. Brodibb: Tacitus,The Histories, (Enc. Brit., London, 1952).
- The extract is from the Dryden Translation: Plutarch, The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans (Enc. But., London, 1952).
- M.I. Finley, The Ancient Economy, (Chatto and Windus, London, 1975), 127.
- Joan Liversidge, Britain in the Roman Empire, (Cardinal, London, 1973), 401.
- Mentioned in J.J. le F. de Lalande, Des canaux de navigation, (Paris, 1778), 158.
- Extracts from the Younger Pliny's letters are from the translation by Betty Radice, The Letters of the Younger Pliny, (Penguin Books, London, 1977).
- N.M. Verdelis, "How the Ancient Greeks transported ships over the Isthmus of Corinth", Illustrated London News, Vol. 231 (19 Oct. 1957), 649–651.
- An interesting discussion of the Saône-Moselle canal is George H. Allen, 'A Problem of Inland Navigation in Roman Gaul', The Classical Weekly, Vol. XXVII (11 Dec. 1933), 65–69.,
- And was asked in the following:- F.G. Moore, 'Three Canal Projects, Roman and Byzantine', American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. LIV (April, 1950) 97–111.
- See Betty Radice's lively and entertaining translation, as Re f. 20.
- As Ref. 23, 108–110.
- F.G. Moore, as Ref. 23, is one and on pp. 100–101 of his paper he lists others. And George H. Allen, Ref. 22, was another.
- The extract is from the translation by C.H. Oldfather: Diodorus Siculus (Loeb Classical Library, London, 12 vols).
- One such is A.P. Gest, Engineering, (Cooper Square, New York, 1963), 13. For a lengthy and valid criticism of Gest's view see George H. Allen, as Ref. 22, 67.
- See G.B. Bass, as Ref. 4, 92.
- The extract is taken from George Sarton, A History of Science, Hellenistic Science and Culture (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1959), 120–1.