Steam Power Patents in the Nineteenth Century—Innovations and Ineptitudes

NOTES AND REFERENCES

• The Patent Law Amendment Act of 1852; 15 & 16 Victoria c83.
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• The Patents, Design and Trade Marks Act of 1883; 46 & 47 Victoria c57.
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• The Patent Act of 1902; 2 Edward 7 c34.
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• A list of all unenrolled patents was published in The Patent Journal 24 March 1863, pp.401–453.
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• The eighth Report of the Controller General of Patents quoted as Appendix B of H. I. Dutton, The Patent System and Inventive Activity 1750–1852. (Manchester University Press, 1984), p.209.
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• The Patent Journal published annual lists for patents abandoned for 1884 to 1887 and thereafter monthly lists which have been used in this analysis.
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• S. Van Dulken, British Patents of Inventions 1617–1977: a Guide for Researchers. (The British Library, 1999), pp.31.
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• ibid, p. 123.
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• ibid, p. 125.
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• ibid, p. 127.
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• N. Davenport, The United Kingdom Patent System. (Kenneth Mason, 1979), p.48.
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• Patent 474 of 1880 by Butcher for a variety of ideas including gas operated locomotives which gener-ated steam from their exhaust gases.
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• J. Ross, A Treatise on Navigation by Steam. (Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green, London), 1828 and E. Galloway, History and Progress of the Steam Engine. (Thomas Kelly, London, 1830).
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• This matter has been studied by Christine MacLeod, "Negotiating the Rewards of Invention: the Shop-Floor Inventor in Victorian Britain", Business History, Vol.41, No.2, April 1999, pp.17–36.
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• Ibid, note 6 p.33.
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• Letter, James Watt Junior to Charles Grey, 19 March 1836. Birmingham City Archives, Boulton & Watt Papers, Letter Book, Vol.52.
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• Patent 9,551 of 1842 for improvements to side lever engines, oscillating engines and disengaging apparatus for paddle steamers.
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• Patent 3,779 of 1869 for boiler flues of the "Cornish type" with inclined indentations to induce turbu-lence in the flue gases.
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• Patent 862 of 1861 for coining machinery and apparatus employed for regulating the expansion of elas-tic fluids.
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• Patent 1,699 of 1877 for conical vessels within a boiler.
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• Patent 456 of 1882 for roller and ring mills for crushing stone etc.
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• For example: The Engineer, adverts placed in alternate issues in 1882, specifically noted in May and June of 1882.
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• James Watt & Co London Letter Book W. H. Darlington, 1 Nov 1880. Birmingham City Archives, James Watt & Co Letter Book Vol.149.
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• The Alphabetical Index of Patentees of Inventions, (The Patent Office, 1854). Reprinted 1969 by Evelyn, Adams & Mackay Ltd, London.
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• Taken out in the names of G. H. Babcock, E. H. Bennett, W. Fairweather, C. P. Higgins, G. A. Knight, J. H. Rosenthal, Mr. Thode, S. Willcox and W. L. Wise.
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• Patent for compounding steam engines by fitting a high pressure cylinder to an existing engine. W. McNaught, No 11,017 of 1845.
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• W. Mason granted patent number 6, 873 in 1835.
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• J. T. Cautreau (J. H. Johnson as agent) patent 762 of 1870 for device both to govern and to indicate the power of engines by monitoring the output shaft.
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• J. Bourne, A Treatise on the Steam Engine. (Longman, London, 1862), p.310.
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• J. P. Muirhead, The Mechanical Inventions of James Watt, (John Murray, London, 1854), Vol.3, Plate XXXIV.
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• J. Griffiths, The Third Man-William Murdoch 1754–1839 (Andre Deutsch, London, 1992), Plate 12.
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• Repertory of Arts and Manufactures 3rd Series, Vol.7, p. 182.
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• Patent of 9th May 1821, Aaron Manby, later given number 4,558.
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• J. S. Allen, "The History of the Horseley Company to 1863", Transactions of the Newcomen Society, vol.58 (1987), pp.121–122.
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• Patent of 1st August 1827, Joseph Maudslay, later given number 5,531.
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• Best recorded are the Endeavour of 1828 and the Dover Castle of 1833.
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• "Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering on the Thames in the Victorian Era" The Engineer, Vol.84, Oct 1897, p.394.
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• Patent 8th December 1842, James Brown, later given number 9,551.
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• J. Bourne, op cit (29), p.311.
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• Patent 21st May 1838, Samuel Seaward, later given number 7,646.
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• D. Griffiths, Steam at Sea, (Conway, London, 1997), p.20.
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• Patent 5th February 1845, John Seaward, later given number 10,511.
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• R. L. Hills, "James Watt's Rotary Steam Engines", Transactions of the Newcomen Society, vol.70 no.1, (1998), pp.89–108.
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• Patent of 4th September 1845, Henry Samuel Rayner, later given number 10,824.
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