Reference
- Ahmad S. L-carnitine in dialysis patients. Semin Dial 2001;14:209–17
- Rumpf KW, Leschke M, Eisenhauer T, Becker K, Kkothe U, Scheler F. Quantitative assessment of carnitine loss during haemodialysis and haemofiltration. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 1983;19:298–301
- Bazzi C, Di Donato S, Castiglione A, Corsi M, D’Amico G. Carnitine metabolism in short- and long-term maintenance hemodialysis. In: Borum PR, ed. Clinical Aspects of Human Carnitine Deficiency. New York: Pergamon Press, 1986:245
- Moorthy AV, Rosenblum M, Rajaram R, Shug AL. A comparison in plasma and muscle carnitine levels in patients on peritoneal or hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Am J Nephrol 1983;3:205–8
- Wanner C, Hörl WH. Potential role of carnitine in patients with renal insufficiency. Klin Wochenschr 1986;64:579–86
- Golper TA, Wolfson M, Ahmad S, Hirschberg R, Kurtin P, Katz LA, et al. Multicenter trial of L-carnitine in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 1990;38:904–11
- Evans AM, Faull R, Fornasini G, Lemanowicz EF, Longo A, Pace S, et al. Pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine in patients with end-stage disease undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;68:238–49
- Harnett JD, Foley RN, Kent GM, Barre PE, Murray D, Parfrey PS. Congestive heart failure in dialysis patients: prevalence, incidence, prognosis and risk factors. Kidney Int 1995;47:884–90
- Locatelli F, Del Vecchio L, Manzoni C. Morbidity and mortality on maintenance hemodialysis. Nephron 1998;80:380–400
- Goa KL, Brogden RN. L-carnitine: a preliminary review of its pharmacokinetics, and its therapeutic use in ischaemic cardiac disease and primary and secondary carnitine deficiencies in relationship to its role in fatty acid metabolism. Drugs 1987;34:1–24
- Spagnoli LG, Corsi M, Villaschi S, Palmieri G, Maccari F. Myocardial carnitine deficiency in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1982;1:1419–20
- Kudoh Y, Shoji T, Oimatsu H, Yoshida S, Kikuchi K, Iimura O. The role of carnitine in the pathogenesis of cardiomegaly in patients with chronic haemodialysis. Jpn Circ J 1983;47:1391–7
- Van Es A, Henny FC, Kooistra MP, Lobatto S, Scholte HR. Amelioration of cardiac function by L-carnitine administration in patients on hemodialysis. Contrib Nephrol 1992;98:28–35
- Brass EP, Adler S, Sietsema KE, Hiatt WR, Orlando AM, Amato A, CHIEF Investigators. Intravenous L-carnitine increases plasma carnitine, reduces fatigue, and may preserve exercise capacity in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;37:1018–28
- Boran M, Dalva I, Gonenc F, Cetin S. Response to recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) and L-carnitine combination in patients with anemia of end-stage renal disease. Nephron 1996;73:314–15
- Labonia WD. L-carnitine effects on anemia in hemodialyzed patients treated with erythropoietin. Am J Kidney Dis 1995;26:757–64
- Kletzmayr J, Mayer G, Legenstein E, Heinz-Peer G, Leitha T, Hörl WH, et al. Anemia and carnitine supplementation in hemodialyzed patients. Kidney Int 1999;55:S93–106
- Rizos I. Three-year survival of patients with heart failure caused by dilated cardiomyopathy and L-carnitine administration. Am Heart J 2000;139(Suppl):S120–3
- Iliceto S, Scrutinio D, Bruzzi P, D’Ambrosio G, Boni L, Di Biase M, et al. Effects of L-carnitine administration on left ventricular remodeling after acute anterior myocardial infarction: the L-Carnitine Ecocardiografia Digitalizzata Infarto Miocardico (CEDIM) Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:380–7
- Caponnetto S, Canale C, Masperone MA, Terracchini V, Valentini G, Brunelli C. Efficacy of L-propionylcarnitine treatment in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Eur Heart J 1994;15:1267–73
- Topaloglu R, Celiker A, Saatci U, Kilinc K, Bakkaloglu A, Besbas N, et al. Effect of carnitine supplementation on cardiac function in hemodyalized children. Acta Paediatr Japon 1998;40:26–9
- Fagher B, Cederblad G, Monti M, Olsson L, Rasmussen B, Thysell H. Carnitine and left ventricular function in haemodialysis patients. Scan J Clin Lab Invest 1985;45: 193–8
- Sakurabayashi T, Takeusu Y, Haginoshita S, Takeda T, Aoike I, Miyazaki S, et al. Improvement of myocardial fatty acid metabolism through L-carnitine administration to chronic hemodialysed patients. Am J Nephrol 1999;19:480–8
- Lopaschuk G. Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in ischemia and reperfusion. Am Heart J 2000;139(Suppl): S115–9
- Barger PM, Kelly DP. Fatty acid utilization in the hypertrophied and failing heart: molecular regulatory mechanisms. Am J Med Sci 1999;318:36–42