Potassium and phosphorus repletion in hospitalized patients: implications for clinical practice and the potential use of healthcare information technology to improve prescribing and patient safety

References

• Halperin ML, Kamel KS. Potassium. Lancet 1998;352: 135–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berner YN, Shike M. Consequences of phosphate imbalance. Ann Rev Nutr 1988;8:121–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gennari FJ. Hypokalemia. N Engl J Med 1998;339:451–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paice BJ, Paterson KR, Onyanga-Omara F, et al. Record linkage study of hypokalemia in hospitalized patients. Postgrad Med J 1986;62:187–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weisinger JR, Bellorin-Font E. Magnesium and phosphorus. Lancet 1998;352:391–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Betro MG, Pain RW. Hypophosphataemia and hyperphosphataemia in a hospital population. BMJ 1972;1:273–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King AL, Sica DA, Miller G, Pierpaoli S. Severe hypophosphatemia in a general hospital population. S Med J 1987;80: 831–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson L, Rebel K, Sorbo B. Severe hypophosphatemia – a hospital survey. Acta Med Scand 1983;214:221–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halevy J, Bulvik S. Severe hypophosphatemia in hospitalized patients. Arch Intern Med 1988;148:153–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zazzo JF, Troche G, Ruel P, et al. High incidence of hypophosphatemia in surgical intensive care patients: efficacy of phosphorus therapy on myocardial function. Intensive Care Med 1995;21:826–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanjanarat P, Winterstein AG, Johns TE, et al. Nature of preventable adverse drug events in hospitals: a literature review. Am J Heath-Syst Pharm 2003;60:1750–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapointe NMA, Jollis JG. Medication errors in hospitalized cardiovascular patients. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1461–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute for Safe Medication Practices. High-alert medications and patient safety. Int J Qual Health Care 2001;13:339–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saggar-Malik AK, Cappuccio FP. Potassium supplements and potassium sparing diuretics, a review and guide to appropriate use. Drugs 1993;46:986–1007
   Google Scholar
• Paltiel O, Gordon L, Berg D, et al. Effect of a computerized alert on the management of hypokalemia in hospitalized patients. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:200–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohn JN, Kowey PR, Whelton PK, et al. New guidelines for potassium replacement in clinical practice. A contemporary review by the National Council on Potassium in Clinical Practice. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2429–36
   Google Scholar
• Kraft MD, Btaiche IF, Sacks GS, et al. Treatment of electrolyte disorders in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2005;62:1663–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramania R, Khardori. Severe hypophosphatemia, pathophysiologic implications, clinical presentations, and treatment. Medicine 2000;79:1–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown GR, Greenwood JK. Drug and nutrition induced hypophosphatemia: mechanisms and relevance in the critically ill. Ann Pharmacother 1994;28:626–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knochel JP. The clinical status of hypophosphatemia, an update. N Engl J Med 1985;313:447–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingston M, Al-Siba MB. Treatment of severe hypophosphatemia. Crit Care Med 1985;13:16–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen GH, Boullata JI, O’Rangers EA, et al. Intravenous phosphate repletion regimen for critically ill patients with moderate hypophosphatemia. Crit Car Med 1995;23:1204–10
   Google Scholar
• Vannatta JB, Andress DL, Whang R, et al. High-dose intravenous phosphate therapy for severe complicated hypophosphatemia. South Med J 1983;76:1424–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor BE, Huey WY, Buchman TG, et al. Treatment of hypophosphatemia using a protocol based on weight and serum phosphorus level in a surgical intensive care unit. J Am Coll Surg 2004;198:198–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perreault MM, Ostrop NJ, Tierney MG. Efficacy and safety of intravenous phosphate replacement in critically ill patients. Ann Pharmacother 1997;31:683–8
   Google Scholar
• Clark CL, Sacks GS, Dickerson RN, et al. Treatment of hypophosphatemia in patients receiving specialized nutrition support using a graduated dosing scheme. Crit Care Med 1995;23: 1504–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vannatta JB, Whang R, Papper S. Efficacy of intravenous phosphorus therapy in the severely hypophosphatemic patient. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:885–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marik PE, Bedigian MK. Refeeding hypophosphatemia in critically ill patients in an intensive care unit. Arch Surg 1996;131:1043–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acker CG, Johnson JP, Palevsky PM, et al. Hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients: causes, adequacy of treatment, and results of an attempt to improve physician compliance with published therapy guidelines. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:917–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grilli R, Lomas J. Evaluating the message: the relationship between compliance rate and the subject of a practice guideline. Med Care 1994;32:202–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnhart MR. Effect of physician education on omeprazole use at a small public hospital. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 1996;53:1334–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohland CJ, Scavnicky SA, Lasky SS, et al. Lansoprazole over-utilization: methods for step-down therapy. Am J Manag Care 2003;9:353–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfau PR, Cooper GS, Carlson MD, et al. Success and shortcomings of clinical care pathway in the management of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;425–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumana CR, Ching TY, Cheung E, et al. Antiulcer drug prescribing in hospital successfully influenced by ‘immediate concurrent feedback’. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1998;64:569–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Headrick LA, Spreoff T, Pelecanos HI, et al. Efforts to improve compliance with the National Cholesterol Education Program Guidelines. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:2490–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Santis G, Harvey KJ, Howard D, et al. Improving the quality of antibiotic prescription patterns in general practice: The role of educational intervention, Med J Aust 1994;160:502–5
   Google Scholar
• Schiff GD, Aggarwal HC, Kumar S, et al. Prescribing potassium despite hyperkalemia: medication errors uncovered by linking laboratory and pharmacy information systems. Am J Med 2000;109:494–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiff GD, Klass D, Peterson J, et al. Linking laboratory and pharmacy: opportunities for reducing errors and improving care. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:893–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushal R, Shojania KG, Bates DW. Effects of computerized physician order entry and clinical decision support systems on medication safety: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1409–16
   Google Scholar
• Guchelaar HK, Kalmeijer MD. The potential role of computerization and information technology in improving prescribing in hospitals. Pharm World Sci 2003;25:83–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koppel R, Metlay JP, Cohen A, et al. Role of computerized physician order entry systems in facilitating medication errors. JAMA 2005;293;1197–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar