547
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Commentary

The role of β-blockers in the management of hypertension: An Asian perspective

, , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1021-1033 | Accepted 09 Feb 2011, Published online: 16 Mar 2011

References

  • Lawes CM, Rodgers A, Bennett DA, et al. Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in the Asia Pacific region. J Hypertens 2003;21:707-16
  • Martiniuk A, Lee CM, Lawes CM, et al. Hypertension: its prevalence and population-attributable fraction for mortality from cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific region. J Hypertens 2007;25:73-9
  • Ueshima H, Sekikawa A, Miura K, et al. Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Asia: a selected review. Circulation 2008;118:2702-9
  • Perkovic V, Huxley R, Wu Y, et al. The burden of blood pressure-related disease: a neglected priority for global health. Hypertension 2007;50:991-7
  • Lindholm LH, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O. Should beta blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis. Lancet 2005;366:1545-53
  • Carlberg B, Samuelsson O, Lindholm LH. Atenolol in hypertension: is it a wise choice? Lancet 2004;364:1684-9
  • NICE Clinical Guidelines. Hypertension. Management in adults in primary care: pharmacological update. 2004 Available at: www.nice.org.uk
  • Mancia G, Laurent S, Agabiti-Rosei E, et al. Reappraisal of European guidelines on hypertension management: A European Society of Hypertension Task Force document. J Hypertens 2009;27:2121-5
  • Liu PH, Wang JD. Antihypertensive medication prescription patterns and time trends for newly-diagnosed uncomplicated hypertension patients in Taiwan. BMC Health Services Research 2008, 8:doi:10.1186/1472-6963-8-133
  • Woodward M, Barzi F, Martiniuk A, et al. Cohort profile: the Asia Pacific cohort studies collaboration. Int J Epidemiol 2006;35:1412-16
  • Dorjgochoo T, Shu XO, Zhang X, et al. Relation of blood pressure components and categories and all-cause, stroke and coronary heart disease mortality in urban Chinese women: a population-based prospective study. J Hypertens 2009;27:468-75
  • Sharma AK, Bhardwaj S, Chaturvedi S. Predictors of hypertension in an urban Indian population. Indian Heart J 2006;58:21-7
  • Sison J, Arceo LP, Trinidad E, et al. Philippine Heart Association - Council on hypertension report on survey of hypertension and target organ damage (PRESYON 2-TOD*): A report on prevalence of hypertension, awareness, treatment profile and control rate. Philipp J Cardiol 2007;35:1-9
  • Rampal L, Azhar MZ, Rahman AR. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia – a national study of 16,440 subjects. Public Health 2008;122:11-18
  • Wu Y, Tai ES, Heng D, et al. Risk factors associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in a multi-ethnic Asian population. J Hypertens 2009;27:190-7
  • Li H, Meng Q, Sun X, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in rural China: results from Shandong Province. J Hypertens 2010;28:432-8
  • Cheung BMY, Wat NMS, Man YB, et al. Relationship between the metabolic syndrome and the development of hypertension in the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study-2 (CRISPS-2). Am J Hypertens 2008;21:17-22
  • Gupta R, Gupta VP. Hypertension epidemiology in India: lessons from Jaipur Heart Watch. Curr Sci 2009;27:349-55
  • Report on Result of National Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS). The National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, 2008
  • Institute of Public Health (IPH) 2008. The Third National Health and Morbidity Survey 2006 Vol. 2. Ministry of Health Malaysia pp 199-316 ISBN 978-983-3887-30-9
  • Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Korean National Health Survey 2008 [Korean]. Available at: http://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/notice/notice01.jsp?cmdProc=viewForm&board_idx=1492 [Last accessed 4 November 2010]
  • Singapore National Health Survey - http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/ssnsep05-pg19-20.pdf [Last accessed 4 November 2010]
  • Lee HS, Park YM, Kwon HS, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among people over 40 years old in rural area of South Korea: The Chungju Metabolic Disease Cohort (CMC) Study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2010;32:166-78
  • Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension 2003;42:1206-52
  • Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, et al. for the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). 2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2007;28:1462-1536
  • Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009;338:1665-83
  • Chinese Medical Association and Chinese Society of Cardiovascular Diseases. The expert consensus: The use of beta-blockers in patients with cardiovascular diseases, March 2009 [Chinese]
  • India (CSI), Indian College of Physicians (ICP), Hypertension Society of India (HSI). Indian Hypertension Guidelines II 2007; Available at http://www.apiindia.org/hypertension_guideline.php
  • Indonesian Society of Hypertension. Hypertension management 2007 [Bahasa Indonesia]
  • The Korean Society of Hypertension. 2004 Korean Hypertension Treatment Guidelines [Korean]. Available at http://www.koreanhypertension.org/notice/view.php?code=tguide&page=1&number=106&keyfield=&key [Last accessed 4 November 2010]
  • Ministry of Health Malaysia, Academy of Medicine of Malaysia, Malaysia Society of Hypertension. Clinical Practice Guideline: Management of Hypertension 2008 Available at http://www.acadmed.org.my/index.cfm?&menuid=67#Cardiovascular_Disease. [Last accessed 4 November 2010]
  • Multisectoral Task Force on the detection and management of hypertension. Philippine guidelines on the detection and management of hypertension. Philippine J Intern Med 1997;35:67-85
  • Philippine Society of Hypertension. The “140/90” report 2009 (in press)
  • Ministry of Health Singapore, MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines 2/2005. Hypertension, 2005
  • Sameerah SAR, Sarojini S (eds), Malaysian Statistics on Medicine 2005. Kuala Lumpur 2007, pp 24-30. ISSN 1823-8300
  • Ahmad A, Rashid A, Rahman A, Seong HL, et al. Use of Anti-hypertensives in Malaysian Statistics on Medicine 2006. Kuala Lumpur 2010 (in press)
  • Institute of Health Management, Ministry of Health 2006. A study on adequacy of outpatient management of essential hypertension in Ministry of Health hospitals and health centres. ISBN 983-3038-9-3
  • Berglund G, Andersson O, Widgren B, et al. Low-dose antihypertensive treatment with a thiazide diuretic is not diabetogenic. A 10-year controlled trial with bendroflumethiazide. Acta Med Scand 1986;220:419-24
  • Haasis R, Bethge H. Exercise blood pressure and heart rate reduction 24 and 3 hours after drug intake in hypertensive patients following 4 weeks of treatment with bisoprolol and metoprolol: a randomized multicentre double-blind study (BISOMET). Euro Heart J 1987;8:103-13
  • Höffler D, Morgenstern HO. Age dependence of therapy result and risk in the treatment of arterial hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990;16:S184-8
  • Neutal JM, Smith DHG, Ram CVS, et al. Application of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in differentiating between antihypertensive agents. Am J Med 1993;94:181-7
  • Davidov ME, Singh SP, Vlachakis ND, et al. Bisoprolol, a once-a-day beta-blocking agent for patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Clin Cardiol 1994;17:263-8
  • Hiltunen TP, Suonsyrjä T, Hannila-Handelberg T, et al. Predictors of antihypertensive drug responses: initial data from a placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over study with four antihypertensive drugs. (The GENRES Study). Am J Hypertens 2007;20:311-18
  • Grassi G, Trevano FQ, Toutouzas T, et al. Efficacy and tolerability profile of nebivolol vs atenolol in mild-to-moderate essential hypertension: results of a double-blind randomized multicenter trial. Blood Press 2003;2L35-40
  • Young PH. A comparison of carvedilol with atenolol in the treatment of mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. INT-CAR-07 (U.K.) Study Group. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992;19(Suppl 1):S82-5
  • Mazza A, Gil-Extremera B, Maldonato A, et al. Nebivolol vs amlodipine as first-line treatment of essential arterial hypertension in the elderly. Blood Press 2002;11:182-8
  • Czurings I, Riecansky I, Bodnar J, et al. Comparison of the new cardioselective beta-blocker nebivolol with bisoprolol in hypertension: the Nebivolol, Bisoprolol Multicenter Study (NEBIS). Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2003;17:257-63
  • Ruilope LM. Comparison of a new vasodilating beta-blocker, carvedilol, with atenolol in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1994;7:129-36
  • Weiss RJ, Weber MA, Carr AA, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study to assess the efficacy and safety of nebivolol, a novel beta-blocker, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. J Clin Hypertens 2007;9:667-76
  • IPPPSH Collaborative Group. Cardiovascular risk and risk factors in a randomized trial of treatment based on the beta-blocker oxprenolol: The International Prospective Primary Prevention Study in Hypertension (IPPPSH). J Hypertens 1985;3:379-92
  • MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension: principal results. Medical Research Council Working Party. Br Med J 1985;291:97-104
  • Coope J, Warrender TS. Randomised trial of treatment of hypertension in elderly patients in primary care. Br Med J 1986;293:1145-51
  • Wilhelmsen L, Berglund G, Elmfeldt D, et al. Beta-blockers versus diuretics in hypertensive men: main results from the HAPPHY trial. J Hypertens 1987;5:561-72
  • Dahlof B, Lindholm LH, Hansson L, et al. Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension (STOP-Hypertension). Lancet 1991;338:1281-5
  • MRC Working Party. Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults: principal results. BMJ 1992;304:405-12
  • Yurenev AP, Dyakonova HG, Novikov ID, et al. Management of essential hypertension in patients with different degrees of left ventricular hypertrophy. Multicenter trial. Am J Hypertens 1992;5:S182-9
  • The Dutch TIA Trial Study Group. Trial of secondary prevention with atenolol after transient ischemic attack or nondisabling ischemic stroke. Stroke 1993;24:543-8
  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. BMJ 1998;317:713-20
  • Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Ekbom T, et al. Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension – 2 study. Lancet 1999;354:1751-6
  • Hansson L, Hedner T, Lund-Johansen P, et al. Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and beta-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: The Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) study. Lancet 2000;356:359-65
  • Zanchetti A, Bond MG, Hennig M, et al. Calcium antagonist lacidipine slows down progression of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis: principal results of the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA), a randomized, double-blind, long-term trial. Circulation 2002;106:2422-7
  • Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003
  • Black HR, Elliot WJ, Grandits G, et al. Principle results of the Controlled Onset of Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) trial. JAMA 2003;289:2073-82
  • Pepine CJ, Handberg EM, Cooper-DeHoff RM, et al. A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil- Trandolapril Study (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2805-16
  • Dahlof B, Sever PS, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366:895-906
  • Aursnes I, Osnes J-B, Tvete IF, et al. Does atenolol differ from other β-adrenergic blockers? BMC Clin Pharmacol 2007;7:4
  • Dalhof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Atenolol as a comparator in outcome trials in hypertension: a correct choice in the past, but not for the future? Blood Press 2007;16:6-12
  • Cruickshank JM. Are we misunderstanding beta-blockers. Int J Cardiol 2007;120:10-27
  • Khan N, McAlister FA. Re-examining the efficacy of β-blockers for the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 2006;174:1737-42
  • Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, et al. Long-term follow-up after tight control of blood pressure in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1565-76
  • Kountz DS. Are tolerability concerns a class effect of beta-blockers in treating patients with hypertension? Postgrad Med 2009;121:14-24
  • Panjrath GS, Messerli FH. β-Blockers for primary prevention in hypertension: era bygone? Progr Cardiovasc Dis 2006;49:76-87
  • Ko DT, Hebert PR, Coffey CS, et al. β-Blocker therapy and symptoms of depression, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction. JAMA 2002;288:351-7
  • Cruickshank JM. Beta-blockers continue to surprise us. Eur Heart J 2000;21:354-64
  • Aronow WS. Current role of beta-blockers in the treatment of hypertension. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010;11(Suppl 1):S1-9
  • Deedwania P. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in patients with diabetes mellitus or the cardiometabolic syndrome: benefits of vasodilating β-blockers. J Clin Hypertens 2011;13:52-9
  • Fonseca VA. Effects of beta-blockers on glucose and lipid metabolism. Curr Med Res Opin 2010;26:615-29
  • Stafford RS, Monti V, Furberg CD, et al. Long-term and short-term changes in antihypertensive prescribing in office-based physicians in the United States. Hypertens 2006;48:213-18
  • Comparison of propranolol and hydrochlorothiazide for the initial treatment of hypertension. II. Results of long-term therapy. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on antihypertensive agents. JAMA 1982;248:2004-11
  • Liebson PR, Grandits G, Prineas R, et al. Echocardiographic correlates of left ventricular structure among 844 mildly hypertensive men and women in the Treatment Of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS). Circulation 1993;87:476-86
  • Elliott WJ, Meyer PM. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet 2007;369:201-7
  • Janka HU, Ziegler AG, Disselhoff G, Mehnert H. The influence of bisoprolol on blood glucose, glucosuria and haemoglobin A1 in noninsulin diabetics. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1986;8(Suppl 1):S96-9
  • Heinemann L, Heise T, Ampudia J, et al. Four week administration of an ACE inhibitor and a cardioselective β-blocker in healthy volunteers: no influence on insulin sensitivity. Eur J Clin Invest 1995;25:595-600
  • Dominguez LJ, Barbagello M, Jacober SJ, et al. Bisoprolol and captopril effects on insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1997;10:1349-55
  • López-Sendón J, Swedberg K, McMurray J, et al. Expert consensus document on β-adrenergic receptor blockers. The Task Force on Beta-Blockers of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1341-62
  • Freemantle N, Cleland J, Young P, et al. Beta Blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ 1999;318:1730-7
  • Von Armin T, for the TIBBS Investigators. Medical treatment to reduce total ischemic burden: total ischemic burden bisoprolol study (TIBBS), a multicenter trial comparing bisoprolol and nifedipine. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:231-8
  • Von Armin T, for the TIBBS Investigators. Prognostic significance of transient ischemic episodes: response to treatment shows improved prognosis. Results of the Total Ischemic Burden Bisoprolol Study (TIBBS) follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:20-4
  • The CAPRICORN Investigators. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomized trial. Lancet 2001;357:1385-90
  • Yusuf S, Peto R, Lewis J, et al. Beta blockade during and after myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomised trials. Progr Cardiovasc Dis 1985:335-71
  • Fox K, Garcia MAA, Ardissino D, et al. Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: executive summary. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1341-81
  • Gillman MW, Kannel WB, Belanger A, et al. Influence of heart rate on mortality among persons with hypertension: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J 1993;125:1148-54
  • Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, et al. Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372:817-21
  • Walley T, Tsao Y, Scott A, et al. Effects of dilevalol (R,R-labetalol) compared with nifedipine on heart rate, blood pressure and muscle blood flow at rest and exercise in hypertensive patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1993;35:623-8
  • Okin PM, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, et al. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality in relation to changing heart rate during treatment of hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy. Eur Heart J 2010;31:2271-9
  • Arguedas JA, Perez MI, Wright JM. Treatment blood pressure targets for hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009:3:CD004349
  • Atenolol Prescribing Information 2010. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP. Wilmington, DE, USA
  • Bisoprolol Prescribing Information. Merck KGaA
  • Carvedilol Prescribing Information. GlaxoSmithKline. Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
  • Metoprolol Prescribing Information, 2010. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP. Wilmington, DE, USA
  • Nebivolol Prescribing Information, 2010. Forest Pharmaceuticals, Inc. St. Louis, MO, USA
  • Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filppatos G, et al. for the Task Force. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:933-89
  • Prisant LM, Neutel JM, Papademetriou V, et al. Low-dose combination treatment for hypertension versus single-drug treatment-bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide versus amlodipine, enalapril, and placebo: combined analysis of comparative studies. Am J Ther 1998;5:313-21
  • Cruickshank JM. Beta-blockers and diabetes: the bad guys come good. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2002;16:457-70
  • Fogari R, Zoppi A. The clinical benefits of β1-selectivity. Rev Contemp Pharmacother 1997;8:45–54
  • Neutel JM, Smith DH, Ram CV, et al. Application of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in differentiating between antihypertensive agents. Am J Med 1993;94:181-7
  • Van Nueten L, De Cree J. Nebivolol: comparison of the effects of dl-nebivolol, d-nebivolol, l-nebivolol, atenolol, and placebo on exercise-induced increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1998;12:339-44
  • Zhou SF. Polymorphism of human cytochrome P450 2D6 and its clinical significance: Part I. Clin Pharmacokinet 2009;48:689-723
  • Lennard MS, Silas JH, Freestone S, et al. Oxidation phenotype – a major determinant of metoprolol metabolism and response. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1558-60
  • Kirchheiner J, Heesch C, Bauer S, et al. Impact of the ultrarapid metabolizer genotype of cytochrome P450 2D6 on metoprolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:302-12
  • Bijl MJ, Visser LE, van Schaik RHN, et al. Genetic variation in the CYP2D6 gene is associated with a lower heart rate and blood pressure in β-blocker users. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;85:45-50
  • Rau T, Wuttke H, Michels LM, et al. Impact of the CYP2D6 genotype on the clinical effects of metoprolol: a prospective longitudinal study. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;85:269-72
  • Nozawa T, Taguchi M, Tahara K, et al. Influence of CYP2D6 genotype on metoprolol plasma concentration and β-adrenergic inhibition during long-term treatment. A comparison with bisoprolol. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005;46:713-20
  • Sohn D-R, Shin S-G, Park C-W, et al. Metoprolol oxidation polymorphism in a Korean population compared with native Japanese and Chinese populations. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991;32:504-7
  • Lai ML, Wang SL, Lai MD, et al. Propranolol disposition in Chinese subjects of different CYP2D6 genotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995;58:264-8
  • Zhou HH, Koshakji RP, Silberstein DJ, et al. Altered sensitivity to and clearance of propranolol in men of Chinese descent as compared with American whites. N Engl J Med 1989;320:565-70
  • Leopold G, Pabst J, Ungethüm W, et al. Basic pharmacokinetics of bisoprolol, a new highly beta1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist. J Clin Pharmacol 1986;26:616-21
  • Rasool AHG, Rahman ARA, Ismail R, et al. Ethnic differences in response to non-selective beta blockade among racial groups in Malaysia. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000:260-9
  • Cruickshank JM. The β1 hyperselectivity in β-blocker treatment. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1995;25(Suppl 1):S35-46
  • Smith C, Teitler M. Beta-blocker selectivity at cloned human beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1999;13:123-6
  • Maack C, Tyroller S, Schnabel P, et al. Characterization of beta(1)-selectivity, adrenoceptor-G(s)-protein interaction and inverse agonism of nebivolol on human myocardium. Br J Pharmacol 2001;132:1817-26
  • Bundkirchen A, Brixius K, Bolck B, et al. Beta 1-adrenoceptor selectivity of nebivolol and bisoprolol. A comparison of [3H]CGP 12.1777 and [125I]iodocyanopindolol binding studies. Eur J Pharmacol 2003;460:19-26

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.