References
- CoyleEFCogganARHemmertMKIvyJLMuscle glycogen utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrateJ Appl Physiol198661 165 172 1:CAS:528:DyaL28XkvFGhsb4%3D 3525502
- NicholasCWTsintzasKBoobisLWilliamsCCarbohydrate-electrolyte ingestion during intermittent high-intensity runningMed Sci Sports Exerc199931 1280 1286 1:STN:280:DyaK1MvhsFeisg%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199909000-00008 10487369
- TsintzasKWilliamsCBoobisLGreenhaffPCarbohydrate ingestion and glycogen utilisation in different muscle fibres in manJ Physiol1995489 243 250 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXpvVWitbg%3D https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp021046 8583408 1156808
- CarterJMJeukendrupAEMannCHJonesDAThe effect of glucose infusion on glucose kinetics during a 1-h time trialMed Sci Sports Exerc200436 1543 1550 https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000139892.69410.D8 15354036
- CarterJMJeukendrupAEJonesDAThe effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on 1-h cycle time trial performanceMed Sci Sports Exerc200436 2107 2111 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVals7rM https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000147585.65709.6F 15570147
- RolloIWilliamsCGantNNuteMThe influence of carbohydrate mouth rinse on self-selected speeds during a 30-min treadmill runInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab200818 585 600 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVKhsb8%3D 19164829
- GantNStinearCMByblowWDCarbohydrate in the mouth immediately facilitates motor outputBrain Res20101350 151 158 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVKiurjM https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.004 20388497
- ChambersESBridgeMWJonesDACarbohydrate sensing in the human mouth: effects on exercise performance and brain activityJ Physiol2009587 1779 1794 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXnt1Gntrk%3D https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2008.164285 19237430 2683964
- KringelbachMLDe AraujoIETRollsETTaste-related activity in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortexNeuroimage200421 781 788 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.063 14980581
- Van NieuwenhovenMABrounsFKovacsEMRThe effect of two sports drinks and water on GI complaints and performance during an 18-km runInt J Sports Med200526 281 285 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M7mt12nuw%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-820931 15795812
- WhithamMMcKinneyJEffect of a carbohydrate mouthwash on running time-trial performanceJ Sports Sci200725 1385 1392 https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410601113676 17786691
- BeelenMBerghuisJBonaparteBBallakSBJeukendrupAVan LoonLJCCarbohydrate mouth rinsing in the fed state: lack of enhancement of time trial performanceInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab200919 400 409 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtV2isrbK 19827464
- RolloIWilliamsCNevillMInfluence of ingesting versus mouth rinsing a carbohydrate solution during a 1-h runMed Sci Sports Exerc201143 468 475 https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181f1cda3 20689457
- LaneSCBirdSRBurkeLMHawleyJAEffect of a carbohydrate mouth rinse on simulated cycling time-trial performance commenced in a fed or fasted stateAppl Physiol Nutr Metab201338 134 139 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXisVSku7c%3D https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0300 23438223
- StannardSRBuckleyAJEdgeJAThompsonMWAdaptations to skeletal muscle with endurance exercise training in the acutely fed versus overnight-fasted stateJ Sci Med Sport201013 465 469 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2010.03.002 20452283
- SawkaMNBurkeLMEichnerERMaughanRJMontainSJStachenfeldNSExercise and fluid replacementMed Sci Sports Exerc200739 377 390 https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000272779.34140.3b 17277604
- ArnaoutisGKavourasSAChristakiISidossisLSWater Ingestion Improves Performance Compared with Mouth Rinse in Dehydrated SubjectsMed Sci Sports Exerc201244 175 179 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1Crsb7J https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182285776 21685819
- BelowPRMora-RodríguezRGonzáles AlonsoJCoyleEFFluid and carbohydrate ingestion independently improve performance during 1 h of intense exerciseMed Sci Sports Exerc199527 200 210 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3ktVCitA%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199502000-00009 7723643
- KuipersHVerstappenFTJKeizerHAGeurtenPVan KranenburgGVariability of aerobic performance in the laboratory and its physiologic correlatesInt J Sports Med19856 197 201 1:STN:280:DyaL28%2FgslahtQ%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1025839 4044103
- VollestadNKTabataIMedboJIGlycogen breakdown in different human muscle-fiber types during exhaustive exercise of short durationActa Physiol Scand1992144 135 141 1:STN:280:DyaK383ksF2nug%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1992.tb09278.x 1575047
- JeukendrupAESarisWHBrounsMFKesterADMA new validated endurance performance testMed Sci Sports Exerc199628 266 270 1:STN:280:DyaK28zntFehuw%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199602000-00017 8775164
- BowtellJLGellyKJackmanMLPatelASimeoniMRennieMJEffect of oral glutamine on whole body carbohydrate storage during recovery from exhaustive exerciseJ Appl Physiol199986 1770 1777 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXkt1emtrs%3D 10368336
- AliAWilliamsCNicholasCWFoskettAThe influence of carbohydrate-electrolyte ingestion on soccer skill performanceMed Sci Sports Exerc200739 1969 1976 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1KrurvL https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31814fb3e3 17986904
- AliADuizerLFosterKGrigorJWeiWChanges in perception of sports drinks when consumed pre, during and post exercisePhysiol Behav2011102 437 443 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhvFeitbs%3D https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.12.013 21172368
- TurnerCEByblowWDStinearCMGantNCarbohydrate in the mouth enhances activation of brain circuitry involved in motor performance and sensory perceptionAppetite201480 212 219 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.05.020 24858834
- CohenJ Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences (2nd ed)1988 Hillsdale (NJ) Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 273 288
- RolloIColeMMillerRWilliamsCInfluence of mouth rinsing a carbohydrate solution on 1-h running performanceMed Sci Sports Exerc201042 798 804 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltFGiurk%3D https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181bac6e4 19952850
- PottierABouckaertJGilisWRoelsTDeraveWMouth rinse but not ingestion of carbohydrate solution improves 1-h cycle time trial performanceScand J Med Sci Sports201020 105 111 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3czkvVemsg%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00868.x 19000099
- CogganARCoyleEFCarbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise: effects on metabolism and performanceExerc Sport Sci Rev199119 1 40 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FjslOlug%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1249/00003677-199101000-00001 1936083
- WallaceTMLevyJCMatthewsDRUse and abuse of HOMA modellingDiabetes Care200427 1487 1495 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.6.1487 15161807
- SaltinBCostillDL HortonESTeejungRLFluid and electrolyte balance during prolonged exerciseExercise, Nutrition and Metabolism1988 New York Macmillan 150 158
- HargreavesMDilloPAngusDFebbraioMEffect of fluid ingestion on muscle metabolism during prolonged exerciseJ Appl Physiol199680 363 366 1:STN:280:DyaK28vgtlSmtA%3D%3D 8847329
- HamiltonMTGonzalez-AlonsoJMontainSJFluid replacement and glucose infusion during exercise prevent cardiovascular driftJ Appl Physiol199171 871 877 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmsFarsL4%3D 1757323
- Heneghan C, Perera R, Nunan D, Mahtani K, Gill P. Forty years of sports performance research and little insight gained. Br Med J. 2012;345:e4797. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e4797.