Dietary thiols in exercise: oxidative stress defence, exercise performance, and adaptation

References

• PowersSNelsonWHudsonMExercise-induced oxidative stress in humans: cause and consequencesFree Radic Biol Med201151 5 942 950 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtVagtbnN 21167935 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SmithJExercise, training and red blood cell turnoverSports Med199519 1 9 31 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3lvVOhtw%3D%3D 7740249 10.2165/00007256-199519010-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiuJ et al Chronically and acutely exercised rats: biomarkers of oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidantsJ Appl Physiol200089 1 21 28 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlslGjtbY%3D 10904031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KennedyG et al Oxidative stress levels are raised in chronic fatigue syndrome and are associated with clinical symptomsFree Radic Biol Med200539 5 584 589 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXns1Wiu7Y%3D 16085177 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.04.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LehmannM et al Training-overtraining: influence of a defined increase in training volume vs training intensity on performance, catecholamines and some metabolic parameters in experienced middle-and long-distance runnersEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol199264 2 169 177 1:STN:280:DyaK383gvFCrsQ%3D%3D 1555564 10.1007/BF00717956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• XiaoWChenPDongJEffects of overtraining on skeletal muscle growth and gene expressionInt J Sports Med201233 10 846 853 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXjvVek 22592543 10.1055/s-0032-1311585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ViderJ et al Acute immune response in respect to exercise-induced oxidative stressPathophysiology20017 4 263 270 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitlOmt7g%3D 11228396 10.1016/S0928-4680(00)00057-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GibalaM et al Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate pool size and estimated cycle flux in human muscle during exerciseAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab1998275 2 235 242
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalle-DonneI et al Protein carbonyl groups as biomarkers of oxidative stressClin Chim Acta2003329 1 23 38 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVCktr8%3D 12589963 10.1016/S0009-8981(03)00003-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TsaiK et al Oxidative DNA damage in human peripheral leukocytes induced by massive aerobic exerciseFree Radic Biol Med200131 11 1465 1472 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXos1Kmsb4%3D 11728819 10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00729-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MateosR et al Determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) by high-performance liquid chromatography in serum and liver as a biomarker for oxidative stress: application to a rat model for hypercholesterolemia and evaluation of the effect of diets rich in phenolic antioxidants from fruitsJ Chromatogr B2005827 1 76 82 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFOmsbnJ 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.06.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MattsonMPHormesis definedAgeing Res Rev20087 1 1 7 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXivVKqsrY%3D 18162444 10.1016/j.arr.2007.08.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CriswellD et al High intensity training-induced changes in skeletal muscle antioxidant enzyme activityMed Sci Sports Exerc199325 10 1135 1140 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhsF2qtLY%3D 8231758 10.1249/00005768-199310000-00009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HollanderJ et al Superoxide dismutase gene expression is activated by a single bout of exercise in rat skeletal musclePfluegers Archiv2001442 3 426 434 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkt1Kkt7c%3D 11484775 10.1007/s004240100539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HiguchiM et al Superoxide dismutase and catalase in skeletal muscle: adaptive response to exerciseJ Gerontol198540 3 281 286 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXkvVGktb8%3D 3989240 10.1093/geronj/40.3.281
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PowersS et al Influence of exercise and fiber type on antioxidant enzyme activity in rat skeletal muscleAm J Phys Regul Integr Comp Phys1994266 2 375 380
   Google Scholar
• LeeuwenburghC et al Aging and exercise training in skeletal muscle: responses of glutathione and antioxidant enzyme systemsAm J Phys Regul Integr Comp Phys1994267 2 439 445
   Google Scholar
• MiyazakiH et al Strenuous endurance training in humans reduces oxidative stress following exhausting exerciseEur J Appl Physiol200184 1-2 1 6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsFSnsLg%3D 11394236 10.1007/s004210000342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteinbacherPEcklPImpact of oxidative stress on exercising skeletal muscleBiomolecules20155 2 356 377 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhtFyhur3I 25866921 4496677 10.3390/biom5020356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoogerwerfAHoitinkAThe influence of vitamin C administration on the mechanical efficiency of the human organismInt Z Angew Physiol196320 2 164 172 1:STN:280:DyaF2c%2FltVClug%3D%3D 14092793
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KerenGEpsteinYThe effect of high dosage vitamin C intake on aerobic and anaerobic capacityJ Sports Med Phys Fitness198020 2 145 148 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXmtVaqurk%3D 7392581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KeithRMerrillEThe effects of vitamin C on maximum grip strength and muscular enduranceJ Sports Med Phys Fitness198323 3 253 256 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXhtlOku78%3D 6656222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SharmanIDownMSenRThe effects of vitamin E and training on physiological function and athletic performance in adolescent swimmersBr J Nutr197126 02 265 276 1:CAS:528:DyaE3MXkvFKjsbk%3D 5571788 10.1079/BJN19710033
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RobertsL et al Vitamin C consumption does not impair training-induced improvements in exercise performanceInt J Sports Physiol Perform20116 1 58 69 21487150 10.1123/ijspp.6.1.58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano-ElyB et al Effect of an isocaloric carbohydrate-protein-antioxidant drink on cycling performanceMed Sci Sports Exerc200638 9 1608 1616 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XptF2rtbc%3D 16960522 10.1249/01.mss.0000229458.11452.e9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YfantiC et al Antioxidant supplementation does not alter endurance training adaptationMed Sci Sports Exerc201042 7 1388 1395 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXns1ylu70%3D 20019626 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181cd76be
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AkovaB et al Exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle performance in healthy women: role of vitamin E supplementation and endogenous oestradiolEur J Appl Physiol200184 1-2 141 147 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsFSnsbg%3D 11394244 10.1007/s004210000331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShephardR et al Vitamin E, exercise, and the recovery from physical activityEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol197433 2 119 126 1:CAS:528:DyaE28XlslWrurk%3D 4430308 10.1007/BF00449513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BryerSGoldfarbAEffect of high dose vitamin C supplementation on muscle soreness, damage, function, and oxidative stress to eccentric exerciseInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab200616 3 270 280 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XntVekt7s%3D 16948483 10.1123/ijsnem.16.3.270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ThompsonD et al Prolonged vitamin C supplementation and recovery from demanding exerciseInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab200111 4 466 481 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xns1Ortg%3D%3D 11915781 10.1123/ijsnem.11.4.466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-CabreraM et al Oral administration of vitamin C decreases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and hampers training-induced adaptations in endurance performanceAm J Clin Nutr200887 1 142 149 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmt1amsw%3D%3D 18175748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RistowM et al Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humansProc Natl Acad Sci2009106 21 8665 8670 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXnt1SqsLs%3D 19433800 2680430 10.1073/pnas.0903485106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZhangHFormanHChoiJGamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in glutathione biosynthesisMethods Enzymol2005401 468 483 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XoslCisbg%3D 16399403 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)01028-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GoY-MJonesDCysteine/cystine redox signaling in cardiovascular diseaseFree Radic Biol Med201150 4 495 509 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlahsbs%3D 21130865 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.11.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BuzinaRSuboticanecKVitamin C and physical working capacityInt J Vitam Nutr Res198527 157 1:STN:280:DyaL2M3mtVCltQ%3D%3D
   Google Scholar
• FischerC et al Supplementation with vitamins C and E inhibits the release of interleukin-6 from contracting human skeletal muscleJ Physiol2004558 2 633 645 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtlKitbk%3D 15169848 1664960 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.066779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon-SchnassIPabstHInfluence of vitamin E on physical performanceInt J Vitam Nutr Res198758 1 49 54
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WadleyGMcConellGHigh-dose antioxidant vitamin C supplementation does not prevent acute exercise-induced increases in markers of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in ratsJ Appl Physiol2010108 6 1719 1726 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXovFCmt7k%3D 20395544 10.1152/japplphysiol.00127.2010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SatoshiS et al Exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and leakage of enzymes before and after vitamin E supplementationInt J Biochem198921 8 835 838 10.1016/0020-711X(89)90280-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LawrenceJ et al Effects of alpha-tocopherol acetate on the swimming endurance of trained swimmersAm J Clin Nutr197528 3 205 208 1:CAS:528:DyaE2MXktVSrsbY%3D 1091130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NiemanD et al Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and immune changes after an ultramarathonJ Appl Physiol200292 5 1970 1977 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjvFeku7o%3D 11960947 10.1152/japplphysiol.00961.2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GomesE et al Effect of vitamin supplementation on lung injury and running performance in a hot, humid, and ozone-polluted environmentScand J Med Sci Sports201121 6 452 460 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01366.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CloseG et al Ascorbic acid supplementation does not attenuate post-exercise muscle soreness following muscle-damaging exercise but may delay the recovery processBr J Nutr200695 5 976 981 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XkvFOltL4%3D 16611389 10.1079/BJN20061732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HowatsonG et al Influence of tart cherry juice on indices of recovery following marathon runningScand J Med Sci Sports201020 6 843 852 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3M%2Fmt1enug%3D%3D 19883392 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01005.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BaileyD et al Oxidative stress, inflammation and recovery of muscle function after damaging exercise: effect of 6-week mixed antioxidant supplementationEur J Appl Physiol2011111 6 925 936 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtVSnsL3O 21069377 10.1007/s00421-010-1718-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AveryN et al Effects of vitamin E supplementation on recovery from repeated bouts of resistance exerciseJ Strength Cond Res200317 4 801 809 14636105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JakemanlPMaxwellSEffect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on muscle function after eccentric exerciseEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol199367 5 426 430 10.1007/BF00376459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ConnollyDMcHughMPadilla-ZakourOEfficacy of a tart cherry juice blend in preventing the symptoms of muscle damageBr J Sports Med200640 8 679 683 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28vjvF2rtQ%3D%3D 16790484 2579450 10.1136/bjsm.2005.025429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLeayY et al Effect of New Zealand blueberry consumption on recovery from eccentric exercise-induced muscle damageJ Int Soc Sports Nutr20129 1 19 22564864 3583121 10.1186/1550-2783-9-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PaulsenG et al Vitamin C and E supplementation hampers cellular adaptation to endurance training in humans: a double‐blind, randomised, controlled trialJ Physiology2014592 8 1887 1901 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXmtVeru70%3D 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.267419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PaulsenG et al Vitamin C and E supplementation alters protein signalling after a strength training session, but not muscle growth during 10 weeks of trainingJ Physiol2014592 24 5391 5408 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXitVOhsLjE 25384788 4270502 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.279950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-CabreraMRistowMViñaJAntioxidant supplements in exercise: worse than useless?Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab2012302 4 476 477 10.1152/ajpendo.00567.2011 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XjsFKgsbs%3D
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FangYYangSWuGFree radicals, antioxidants, and nutritionNutrition200218 10 872 879 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnsVahtLc%3D 12361782 10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00916-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PowersSJacksonMExercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force productionPhysiol Rev200888 4 1243 1276 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlGgtbnP 18923182 2909187 10.1152/physrev.00031.2007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HalliwellBCommentary: vitamin C: antioxidant or pro-oxidant in vivo?Free Radic Res199625 5 439 454 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XntVOiur8%3D 8902542 10.3109/10715769609149066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CillardJ et al α-Tocopherol prooxidant effect in aqueous media: increased autoxidation rate of linoleic acidJ Am Oil Chem Soc198057 8 252 255 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXlvVCmu7c%3D 10.1007/BF02668254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChildsA et al Supplementation with vitamin C and N-acetyl-cysteine increases oxidative stress in humans after an acute muscle injury induced by eccentric exerciseFree Radic Biol Med200131 6 745 753 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXms1OksLY%3D 11557312 10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00640-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KnezWJenkinsDCoombesJOxidative stress in half and full Ironman triathletesMed Sci Sports Exerc Sci200739 2 283 288 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlequ7Y%3D 10.1249/01.mss.0000246999.09718.0c
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yordi E et al. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects of polyphenolic compounds and structure-activity relationship evidence. Nutrition, Well-Being and Health. Croatia: InTech; 2012: p. 23-48.
   Google Scholar
• HayesJMclellanLGlutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes represent a co-ordinately regulated defence against oxidative stressFree Radic Res199931 4 273 300 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmslGjsL8%3D 10517533 10.1080/10715769900300851
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JonesDRedox potential of GSH/GSSG couple: Assay and biological significanceMethods Enzymol2002348 93 112 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlsVartbo%3D 11885298 10.1016/S0076-6879(02)48630-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HerzenbergL et al Glutathione deficiency is associated with impaired survival in HIV diseaseProc Natl Acad Sci199794 5 1967 1972 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhslelt7o%3D 9050888 20026 10.1073/pnas.94.5.1967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HolmayM et al N-acetylcysteine boosts brain and blood glutathione in gaucher and Parkinson’s diseasesClin Neuropharmacol201336 4 103 106 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFeqtrvM 23860343 3934795 10.1097/WNF.0b013e31829ae713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BridgemanM et al Cysteine and glutathione concentrations in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after treatment with N-acetylcysteineThorax199146 1 39 42 1:STN:280:DyaK3MzjsFelsQ%3D%3D 1871695 1020912 10.1136/thx.46.1.39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MedvedI et al N-acetylcysteine enhances muscle cysteine and glutathione availability and attenuates fatigue during prolonged exercise in endurance-trained individualsJ Appl Physiol200497 4 1477 1485 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXptFGktLs%3D 15194675 10.1152/japplphysiol.00371.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MichailidisY et al Thiol-based antioxidant supplementation alters human skeletal muscle signaling and attenuates its inflammatory response and recovery after intense eccentric exerciseAm J Clin Nutr201398 1 233 245 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtVChtb3F 23719546 10.3945/ajcn.112.049163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WangS et al Methionine and cysteine affect glutathione level, glutathione-related enzyme activities and the expression of glutathione S-transferase isozymes in rat hepatocytesJ Nutr1997127 11 2135 2141 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXntFylu7o%3D 9372907
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TerrillJ et al Increasing taurine intake and taurine synthesis improves skeletal muscle function in the mdx mouse model for Duchenne Muscular DystrophyJ Physiol2016594 11 3095 3110 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XosleqsA%3D%3D 26659826 10.1113/JP271418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuarteTLunecJReview: when is an antioxidant not an antioxidant? a review of novel actions and reactions of vitamin CFree Radic Res200539 7 671 686 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXltFymuro%3D 16036346 10.1080/10715760500104025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KerksickCWilloughbyDThe antioxidant role of glutathione and N-acetyl-cysteine supplements and exercise-induced oxidative stressJ Int Soc Sports Nutr20052 2 1 10.1186/1550-2783-2-2-38
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SilvaL et al N-acetylcysteine supplementation and oxidative damage and inflammatory response after eccentric exerciseInt J Sport Nutr200818 4 379 388 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVOnu7bO
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CobleyJ et al N-Acetylcysteine’s attenuation of fatigue after repeated bouts of intermittent exercise: practical implications for tournament situationsInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab201121 6 451 461 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmtFCrsQ%3D%3D 22089305 10.1123/ijsnem.21.6.451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKennaMJ et al N-acetylcysteine attenuates the decline in muscle Na+, K + -pump activity and delays fatigue during prolonged exercise in humansJ Physiol2006576 1 279 288 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFSisbjI 16840514 1995650 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.115352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HaydenPStevensJCysteine conjugate toxicity, metabolism, and binding to macromolecules in isolated rat kidney mitochondriaMol Pharmacol199037 3 468 476 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXitlSqsL4%3D 2314393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KarlsenR et al Morphological changes in rat brain induced byl-cysteine injection in newborn animalsBrain Res1981208 1 167 180 1:STN:280:DyaL3M7jsFWksw%3D%3D 7470918 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90628-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DilgerR et al Excess dietary L-cysteine, but not L-cystine, is lethal for chicks but not for rats or pigsJ Nutr2007137 2 331 338 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVWjtbo%3D 17237307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WhillierS et al Role of N-acetylcysteine and cystine in glutathione synthesis in human erythrocytesRedox Rep200914 3 115 124 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFKrs7nJ 19490753 10.1179/135100009X392539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MeisterAGlutathione deficiency produced by inhibition of its synthesis, and its reversal; applications in research and therapyPharmacol Ther199151 2 155 194 1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xht1Shs7g%3D 1784629 10.1016/0163-7258(91)90076-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YatabeY et al Effects of taurine administration in rat skeletal muscles on exerciseJ Orthop Sci20038 3 415 419 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmtVGltbo%3D 12768487 10.1007/s10776-002-0636-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ZhangM et al Role of taurine supplementation to prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy young menAmino Acids200426 2 203 207 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkvVygsrs%3D 15042451 10.1007/s00726-003-0002-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MiyazakiT et al Optimal and effective oral dose of taurine to prolong exercise performance in ratAmino Acids200427 3-4 291 298 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVGgt7vK 15503230 10.1007/s00726-004-0133-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SupinskiG et al N-acetylcysteine administration alters the response to inspiratory loading in oxygen-supplemented ratsJ Appl Physiol199782 4 1119 1125 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXivFemurs%3D 9104848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReidM et al N-acetylcysteine inhibits muscle fatigue in humansJ Clin Investig199494 6 2468 2474 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXisFWgsrw%3D 7989604 330079 10.1172/JCI117615
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MatuszczakY et al Effects of N-acetylcysteine on glutathione oxidation and fatigue during handgrip exerciseMuscle Nerve200532 5 633 638 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1eltbfE 16025522 10.1002/mus.20385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SchafferSW et al Physiological roles of taurine in heart and muscleJ Biomed Sci201017 Suppl 1 S2 20804594 2994395 10.1186/1423-0127-17-S1-S2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFSiu7bI
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GoodmanC et al Taurine supplementation increases skeletal muscle force production and protects muscle function during and after high-frequency in vitro stimulationJ Appl Physiol2009107 1 144 154 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXovFKqtLk%3D 19423840 2711783 10.1152/japplphysiol.00040.2009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardison W. Hepatic taurine concentration and dietary taurine as regulators of bile acid conjugation with taurine. Gastroenterology. 1978;75(1):71–5.
   Google Scholar
• UozumiY et al Myogenic differentiation induces taurine transporter in association with taurine-mediated cytoprotection in skeletal musclesBiochem J2006394 3 699 706 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhvVemuro%3D 16318624 1383720 10.1042/BJ20051303
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BalkanJ et al Taurine has a protective effect against thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis by decreasing oxidative stressHum Exp Toxicol200120 5 251 254 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtVGrtrs%3D 11476157 10.1191/096032701678227758
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GeissK et al The effect of a taurine-containing drink on performance in 10 endurance-athletesAmino Acids19947 1 45 56 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXhvFKht7g%3D 24185972 10.1007/BF00808445
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlfordCCoxHWescottRThe effects of red bull energy drink on human performance and moodAmino Acids200121 2 139 150 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotFKjs7c%3D 11665810 10.1007/s007260170021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ImagawaT et al Caffeine and taurine enhance endurance performanceInt J Sports Med200930 07 485 488 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXpvFers7c%3D 19455480 10.1055/s-0028-1104574
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BalshawT et al The effect of acute taurine ingestion on 3-km running performance in trained middle-distance runnersAmino Acids201344 2 555 561 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFyhsL4%3D 22855206 10.1007/s00726-012-1372-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RutherfordJSprietLStellingwerffTThe effect of acute taurine ingestion on endurance performance and metabolism in well-trained cyclistsInt J Sport Nutr201020 4 322 329 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFyhurrO
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PowersS et al Reactive oxygen species are signalling molecules for skeletal muscle adaptationExp Physiol201095 1 1 9 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXislWhsr4%3D 19880534 10.1113/expphysiol.2009.050526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AkimotoT et al Exercise stimulates Pgc-1α transcription in skeletal muscle through activation of the p38 MAPK pathwayJ Biol Chem2005280 20 19587 19593 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXktFymt7w%3D 15767263 10.1074/jbc.M408862200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiY-PReidMBEffect of tumor necrosis factor-α on skeletal muscle metabolismCurr Opin Rheumatol200113 6 483 487 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXpt1Sqtrg%3D 11698724 10.1097/00002281-200111000-00005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IrrcherI et al Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle by endurance exerciseSports Med200333 11 783 793 12959619 10.2165/00007256-200333110-00001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WilkinsonSB et al Differential effects of resistance and endurance exercise in the fed state on signalling molecule phosphorylation and protein synthesis in human muscleJ Physiol2008586 15 3701 3717 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVCltLfL 18556367 2538832 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.153916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EveloC et al Changes in blood glutathione concentrations, and in erythrocyte glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activity after running training and after participation in contestsEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol199264 4 354 358 1:STN:280:DyaK383nsV2ktA%3D%3D 1592062 10.1007/BF00636224
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MarzaticoF et al Blood free radical antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxides following long-distance and lactacidemic performances in highly trained aerobic and sprint athletesJ Sports Med Phys Fitness199737 4 235 239 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhsF2qs7s%3D 9509820
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AthertonPSmithKMuscle protein synthesis in response to nutrition and exerciseJ Physiol2012590 5 1049 1057 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XkslSmsrw%3D 22289911 3381813 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.225003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SlatteryKM et al Effect of N-acetylcysteine on cycling performance after intensified trainingMed Sci Sports Exerc201446 6 1114 1123 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXotlKqt70%3D 24576857 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeelarungrayubD et al N-acetylcysteine supplementation controls total antioxidant capacity, creatine kinase, lactate, and tumor necrotic factor-alpha against oxidative stress induced by graded exercise in sedentary menOxidative Med Cell Longev20112011 329643 10.1155/2011/329643 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlCmtrbI
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TrewinAJ et al Effect of N-acetylcysteine infusion on exercise-induced modulation of insulin sensitivity and signaling pathways in human skeletal muscleAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab2015309 4 E388 E397 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhsFaisbnM 26105008 10.1152/ajpendo.00605.2014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PetersenA et al Infusion with the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine attenuates early adaptive responses to exercise in human skeletal muscleActa Physiol2012204 3 382 392 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XjtV2hurY%3D 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02344.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ÖzkanYÖzkanEŞimşekBPlasma total homocysteine and cysteine levels as cardiovascular risk factors in coronary heart diseaseInt J Cardiol200282 3 269 277 11911915 10.1016/S0167-5273(02)00010-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KleinveldHDemackerPStalenhoefAFailure of N-acetylcysteine to reduce low-density lipoprotein oxidizability in healthy subjectsEur J Clin Pharmacol199243 6 639 642 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXhs1SrsLc%3D 1493846 10.1007/BF02284964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OikawaS et al N-acetylcysteine, a cancer chemopreventive agent, causes oxidative damage to cellular and isolated DNACarcinogenesis199920 8 1485 1490 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXltlKgurY%3D 10426796 10.1093/carcin/20.8.1485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteyC et al The effect of oral N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis: a quantitative systematic reviewEur Respir J200016 2 253 262 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtlClsb0%3D 10968500 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16b12.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DawsonRJr et al The cytoprotective role of taurine in exercise-induced muscle injuryAmino Acids200222 4 309 324 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmvFCqt74%3D 12107759 10.1007/s007260200017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ItoT et al Tissue depletion of taurine accelerates skeletal muscle senescence and leads to early death in micePLoS One20149 9 e107409 25229346 4167997 10.1371/journal.pone.0107409 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhslSiurnE
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• da SilvaL et al Effects of taurine supplementation following eccentric exercise in young adultsAppl Physiol Nutr Metab201339 1 101 104 24383513 10.1139/apnm-2012-0229 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhslSnsbzM
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SilvaLA et al Taurine supplementation decreases oxidative stress in skeletal muscle after eccentric exerciseCell Biochem Funct201129 1 43 49 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXpsVKnug%3D%3D 21264889 10.1002/cbf.1716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BadalooA et al Cysteine supplementation improves the erythrocyte glutathione synthesis rate in children with severe edematous malnutritionAm J Clin Nutr200276 3 646 652 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmslSnt7k%3D 12198013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AtkuriKMantovaniJHerzenbergLN-Acetylcysteine—a safe antidote for cysteine/glutathione deficiencyCurr Opin Pharmacol20077 4 355 359 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXpsFKqsrs%3D 17602868 4540061 10.1016/j.coph.2007.04.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WaldDSLawMMorrisJKHomocysteine and cardiovascular disease: evidence on causality from a meta-analysisBMJ2002325 7374 1202 12446535 135491 10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NestorosJBanTLehmannHTransmethylation hypothesis of schizophrenia: methionine and nicotinic acidInt Pharmacopsychiatry197612 4 215 246
   Google Scholar
• HoulthamSStarkCStannardSTwo week Keratin-based protein supplementation is comparable in gastrointestinal milk handling to a milk-based equivalentJ Hum Nutr Food Sci20142 5 1047
   Google Scholar
• WolberFM et al Cysteic acid in dietary keratin is metabolized to glutathione and liver taurine in a rat model of human digestionNutrients20168 2 104 26907334 4772066 10.3390/nu8020104 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXktlKm
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar