References
- Melton BL, Lai Z. Review of community pharmacy services: what is being performed, and where are the opportunities for improvement? Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2017;6:79–89.
- George PP, Molina JA, Cheah J, Chan SC, Lim BP. The evolving role of the community pharmacist in chronic disease management - a literature review. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2010;39(11):861–7.
- Davies JE, Barber N, Taylor D. What do community pharmacists do? Results from a work sampling study in London. Int J Pharm Pract. 2014;22(5):309–18.
- International Pharmaceutical Federation, World Health Organization. Joint FIP/WHO guidelines on good pharmacy practice: standards for quality of pharmacy services. 2010. https://www.fip.org/files/fip/WHO/GPP%2520guidelines%2520FIP%2520publication_final.pdf. Accessed 08 Jul 2020.
- International Pharmaceutical Federation. Good pharmacy practice in developing countries: recommendations for step-wise implementation. 1998. https://www.fip.org/files/fip/Statements/GPP%20recommendations.pdf. Accessed 09 Jul 2020.
- World Health Organization. The Role of the pharmacist in self-care and self-medication : report of the 4th WHO Consultative Group on the Role of the Pharmacist, The Hague, The Netherlands, 26–28 August 1998.1998. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65860. Accessed 07 Jul 2020.
- Winfield AJ, Richards RME. Pharmaceutical practice. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2000.
- Waterfield J. Community pharmacy handbook. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2008.
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. The legal and regulatory framework for community pharmacies in the WHO European Region.2019. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/326394. Accessed 08 Jul 2020.
- International Pharmaceutical Federation. Quality care standards in community pharmacy: report of a working group.2005. https://www.fip.org/files/fip/CPS/Quality%20Care%20Standards%20final.pdf. Accessed 13 Jul 2020.
- Hussain A, Ibrahim MIM. Management of diarrhoea cases by community pharmacies in 3 cities of Pakistan. EMHJ. 2012;18(6):635–40.
- Ogbo PU, Aina BA, Aderemi-Williams RI. Management of acute diarrhea in children by community pharmacists in Lagos, Nigeria. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2014;12(1):376.
- Brata C, Gudka S, Schneider CR, Everett A, Fisher C, Clifford RM. A review of the information-gathering process for the provision of medicines for self-medication via community pharmacies in developing countries. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2013;9(4):370–83.
- Sinopoulou V, Gordon M, Rutter P. A systematic review of community pharmacies’ staff diagnostic assessment and performance in patient consultations. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2019;15(9):1068–79.
- Morgan DJ, Okeke IN, Laxminarayan R, Perencevich EN, Weisenberg S. Non-prescription antimicrobial use worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11(9):692–701.
- Abegaz TM, Belachew SA, Abebe TB, Gebresilassie BM, Teni FS, Woldie HG. Management of children’s acute diarrhea by community pharmacies in five towns of Ethiopia: simulated client case study. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2016;12:515–26.
- Mengistu G, Gietnet K, Amare F, Sisay M, Hagos B, Misganaw D. Self-reported and actual involvement of community pharmacy professionals in the management of childhood diarrhea: a cross-sectional and simulated patient study at two towns of Eastern Ethiopia. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179556519855380.
- Ayele AA, Mekuria AB, Tegegn HG, Gebresillassie BM, Mekonnen AB, Erku DA. Management of minor ailments in a community pharmacy setting: Findings from simulated visits and qualitative study in Gondar town, Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(1):e0190583.
- Erku DA, Aberra SY. Non-prescribed sale of antibiotics for acute childhood diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection in community pharmacies: a 2 phase mixed-methods study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0389-y.
- Central Statistics Agency. The 2007 population and housing census of Ethiopia: statistical report for Amhara region; Part 1: population size and characteristics Ethiopia. Addis Ababa:Addis Ababa; 2007.
- Watson MC, Skelton JR, Bond CM, et al. Simulated patients in the community pharmacy setting: using simulated patients to measure practice in the community pharmacy setting. Pharm World Sci. 2004;26(1):32–7.
- Watson MC, Norris P, Granas AG. A systematic review of the use of simulated patients and pharmacy practice research. Int J Pharm Pract. 2006;14(2):83–93.
- Björnsdottir I, Granas AG, Bradley A, Norris P. A systematic review of the use of simulated patient methodology in pharmacy practice research from 2006 to 2016. Int J Pharm Pract. 2020;28(1):13–25.
- Driesen A, Vandenplas Y. How do pharmacists manage acute diarrhoea in an 8-month-old baby? A simulated client study. Int J Pharm Pract. 2009;17(4):215–20.
- World Health Organization. Guide for improving diarrhoea treatment practices of pharmacists and licensed drug sellers.1993. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/62450. Accessed 17 Jul 2020.
- World Health Organization. The treatment of diarrhoea: a manual for physicians and other senior health workers, 4th rev.2005. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43209. Accessed 17 Jul 2020.
- Ibrahim IR, Palaian S, Ibrahim MI. Assessment of diarrhea treatment and counseling in community pharmacies in Baghdad, Iraq: a simulated patient study. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2018;16(4):1313.
- Bin Abdulhak AA, Altannir MA, Almansor MA, et al. Non prescribed sale of antibiotics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-538.
- Food Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia. Over-the-counter medicines list for Ethiopia. 2nd ed. Addis Ababa: Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia; 2012.
- Ansari M. Evaluation of community pharmacies regarding dispensing practices of antibiotics in two districts of central Nepal. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(9):e0183907.
- Hadi MA, Karami NA, Al-Muwalid AS, et al. Community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and practices towards dispensing antibiotics without prescription (DAwP): a cross-sectional survey in Makkah Province Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis. 2016;47:95–100.
- Abdelaziz AI, Tawfik AG, Rabie KA, et al. Quality of community pharmacy practice in antibiotic self-medication encounters: a simulated patient study in upper Egypt. Antibiotics. 2019;8(2):35.
- Mbonye AK, Buregyeya E, Rutebemberwa E, et al. Prescription for antibiotics at drug shops and strategies to improve quality of care and patient safety: a cross-sectional survey in the private sector in Uganda. BMJ Open. 2016;6(3):e010632.
- Zapata-Cachafeiro M, González-González C, Váquez-Lago JM, et al. Determinants of antibiotic dispensing without a medical prescription: a cross-sectional study in the north of Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69(11):3156–60.
- Vishal D, Yogesh DS, Emma B, De AC. Treatment of pediatric diarrhea: a simulated client study at private pharmacies of Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. India J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5694.
- Collins JC, Schneider CR, Naughtin CL, Wilson F, de Almeida Neto AC, Moles RJ. Mystery shopping and coaching as a form of audit and feedback to improve community pharmacy management of non-prescription medicine requests: an intervention study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(12):e019462.
- Watson MC, Bond CM, Grimshaw J, Johnston M. Factors predicting the guideline compliant supply (or non-supply) of non-prescription medicines in the community pharmacy setting. Qual Saf Health Care. 2006;15(1):53–7.
- Dineen-Griffin S, Benrimoj SI, Rogers K, Williams KA, Garcia-Cardenas V. Cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the clinical and humanistic impact of a pharmacist-led minor ailment service. BMJ Qual Saf. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2019-010608.