Evaluation of pharmacy-led weight management service to minimise the risk of cardiovascular disease

References

• Vidal J. Updated review on the benefits of weight loss. Int J Obes. 2002;26(S4):S25–S28.
   Google Scholar
• MacMahon S, Cutler J, Brittain E, Higgins M. Obesity and hypertension: epidemiological and clinical issues. Eur Heart J. 1987. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/8.suppl_B.57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dattilo AM, Kris-Etherton PM. Effects of weight reduction on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;56(2):320–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-González MA, García-Arellano A, Toledo E, Salas-Salvadó J, Buil-Cosiales P, Corella D, et al. A 14-item Mediterranean diet assessment tool and obesity indexes among high-risk subjects: the PREDIMED trial. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:8 e43134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browning LM, Hsieh SD, Ashwell M. A systematic review of waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for the prediction of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: 0·5 could be a suitable global boundary value. Nutr Res Rev. 2010;23(02):247–269.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schröder H, Fitó M, Estruch R, Martínez-González MA, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. A short screener is valid for assessing Mediterranean diet adherence among older spanish men and women. J Nutr. 2011;141(6):1140–1145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashwell M, Cole TJ, Dixon AK. Ratio of waist circumference to height is strong predictor of intra-abdominal fat. BMJ. 1996;313(7056):559–560.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roriz AKC, Passos LCS, de Oliveira CC, Eickemberg M, de Moreira PA, Sampaio LR. Evaluation of the accuracy of anthropometric clinical indicators of visceral fat in adults and elderly, Atkin SL editor. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(7):e103499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashwell M, Gibson S. Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of “early health risk”: simpler and more predictive than using a “matrix” based on BMI and waist circumference. BMJ Open. 2016;6(3):e010159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, Albus C, Brotons C, Catapano AL, et al. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(29):2315–2381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings CS, Graham I, Gielen S. The ESC Handbook of preventive cardiology putting prevention into practice. First. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Cavaliere A, De Marchi E, Banterle A. Exploring the adherence to the mediterranean diet and its relationship with individual lifestyle: the role of healthy behaviors, pro-environmental behaviors, income, and education. Nutrients. 2018;10(2):141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eguaras S, Toledo E, Hernández-Hernández A, Cervantes S, Martínez-González MA. Better Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Could Mitigate the Adverse Consequences of Obesity on Cardiovascular Disease: The SUN Prospective Cohort. www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients. Accessed 14 Oct 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Tong TYN, Wareham NJ, Khaw K-T, Imamura F, Forouhi NG. Prospective association of the Mediterranean diet with cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality and its population impact in a non-Mediterranean population: the EPIC-Norfolk study. BMC Med. 2016;14(1):135.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Panagiotakos DB, Georgousopoulou EN, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Metaxa V, Georgiopoulos GA, et al. Ten-year (2002–2012) cardiovascular disease incidence and all-cause mortality, in urban Greek population: The ATTICA Study. Int J Cardiol. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.206.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martínez-González MÁ, Ruiz-Canela M, Hruby A, Liang L, Trichopoulou A, Hu FB. Intervention trials with the mediterranean diet in cardiovascular prevention: understanding potential mechanisms through metabolomic profiling. J Nutr. 2015;146(4):913S–919S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sofi F, Cesari F, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2008;337(7671):673–675
   Google Scholar
• Simopoulos AP. The Mediterranean diets: what is so special about the diet of Greece?. The Scientific Evidence J Nutr. 2001;131(11):3065S–3073S.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Martín-Calvo N. Mediterranean diet and life expectancy; beyond olive oil, fruits and vegetables HHS Public Access. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2016;19(6):401–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze MB, Hoffmann K. Methodological approaches to study dietary patterns in relation to risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Br J Nutr. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20061731.
   Google Scholar
• My CMS | National Study of Morbidity and Risk Factors. http://emeno.gr/. Accessed 30 Jul 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Pharmacy Services in Europe: Evaluating Trends and Value. Executive Summary. Lisbon: Institute for Evidence-Based Health (ISBE);2020. https://www.pgeu.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/ISBE-EXECUTIVE-SUMMARY_Pharmacy-Services-in-Europe_Evaluating-Trends-and-Value_-20210205.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Peletidi A, Nabhani-Gebara S, Kayyali R. The role of pharmacists in cardiovascular disease prevention: qualitative studies from the United Kingdom and Greece. J Res Pharm Pract. 2019;8(3):112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peletidi A, Kayyali R. Experiences of the pharmacy-led weight management service: views of service providers in England. Pharmacy. 2019;7(3):82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussain R, Hassali Azmi M, Babar Ud-Din Z. Qualitative methods in pharmacy practice research. Encycl Pharm Pract Clin Pharm. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812735-3.00603-8.
   Google Scholar
• Ramzan S, Hadi MA, Babar ZUD. Mixed methods research in pharmacy practice: Basics and beyond. Encycl Pharm Pract Clin Pharm. 2019;21:46–52.
   Google Scholar
• Tashakkori A, Creswell JW. Editorial: the new era of mixed methods. J Mix Methods Res. 2007;1(1):3–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2345678906293042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weigh-2-Go. http://www.kingstonccg.nhs.uk/stay-healthy/weigh-2-go.htm/. Accessed 13 Aug 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Aguiar EJ, Morgan PJ, Collins CE, Plotnikoff RC, Young MD, Callister R. The PULSE (Prevention Using LifeStyle Education) trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a Type 2 Diabetes Prevention programme for men. Contemp Clin Trials. 2014;39(1):132–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan PJ, Callister R, Collins CE, Plotnikoff RC, Young MD, Berry N, et al. The SHED-IT community trial: a randomized controlled trial of internet- and paper-based weight loss programs tailored for overweight and obese men. Ann Behav Med. 2013;45(2):139–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosner B. Fundamentals of biostatistics. 4th ed.California: Duxbury Press; 1995. p. 221.
   Google Scholar
• Sample size for before-after study (Paired T-test) | Sample Size Calculators. http://www.sample-size.net/sample-size-study-paired-t-test/. Accessed 20 Aug 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Traversy G, Chaput J-P. Alcohol consumption and obesity: an update. Curr Obes Rep. 2015;4:122–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnoli C, Sieri S, Ricceri F, Giraudo MT, Masala G, Assedi M, et al. Nutrition & Diabetes Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and long-term changes in weight and waist circumference in the EPIC-Italy cohort. Nutr Diabetes. 2018;8:22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter H. Waist management: a pilot scheme using community pharmacists to address the issue of obesity. Pharm Manag. 2007;23(2):14–18
   Google Scholar
• Bescoby S, Millar D. Obesity management in a community pharmacy setting-a pilot study. Int J Pharm Pract. 2006;14(Supplement 2):B117–B118
   Google Scholar
• Boardman HF, Avery AJ. Effectiveness of a community pharmacy weight management programme. Int J Clin Pharm. 2014. 36(4):800–806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Data Protection Act 1998. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/29/contents. Accessed 20 Aug 2018.
   Google Scholar
• The Common Law Duty of Confidentiality | Department of Health. https://www.health-ni.gov.uk/articles/common-law-duty-confidentiality. Accessed 20 Aug 2018.
   Google Scholar
• National Clinical Guideline Centre (UK). Obesity: identification, assessment and management management. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Weidmann AE, MacLure K, Marshall S, Gray G, Stewart D. Promoting weight management services in community pharmacy: perspectives of the pharmacy team in Scotland. Int J Clin Pharm. 2015;37(4):599–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush J, Langley C, Mills S, Hindle L. A comparison of the provision of the My Choice Weight Management Programme via general practitioner practices and community pharmacies in the United Kingdom. Clin Obes. 2014;4(2):91–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/cob.12049
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bush J, Langley C, Patel A, Harvey J. Evaluation of the Heart of Birmingham teaching Primary Care Trust (HoBtPCT): My Choice Weight Management Programme: report commissioned by Heart of Birmingham teaching Primary Care Trust. 2011. https://research.aston.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/evaluation-of-the-heart-of-birmingham-teaching-primary-care-trust-hobtpct-my-choice-weight-management-programme(b7aea05e-c9ff-4902-b7bc-40f1107fbc62).html. Accessed 16 Jul 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Poobalan AS, Aucott LS, Smith WCS, Avenell A, Jung R, Broom J. Long-term weight loss effects on all cause mortality in overweight/obese populations. Obes Rev. 2007;8(6):503–513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00393.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitchman SC, Fong GT. Gender empowerment and female-to-male smoking prevalence ratios. Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(3):195–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pistelli F, Aquilini F, Carrozzi L. Weight gain after smoking cessation. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2016;71(2):81–87.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison D, McLoone P, Brosnahan N, McCombie L, Smith A, Gordon J. A community pharmacy weight management programme: an evaluation of effectiveness. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harmon M, Pogge E, Boomershine V. Evaluation of a pharmacist-led, 6-month weight loss program in obese patients. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2014;54(3):302–307. https://doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2014.13138.
   Google Scholar
• MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, Collins R, Sorlie P, Neaton J, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet. 1990;335(8692):765–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aucott L, Rothnie H, McIntyre L, Thapa M, Waweru C, Gray D. Long-term weight loss from lifestyle intervention benefits blood pressure? A systematic review. Hypertension. 2009;54(4):756–762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, et al. The Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure:the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289(19):2560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swift DL, Johannsen NM, Lavie CJ, Earnest CP, Church TS. The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and maintenance. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;56(4):441–447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haskell WL, Lee I-M, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, et al. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1423–1434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocla-Kimble MA, Batz FR. Diabetes care as an active learning model of postgraduate education and training for pharmaceutical care. Am J Pharm Educ. 1994;58:382–385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nanchahal K, Power T, Holdsworth E, Hession M, Sorhaindo A, Griffiths U, et al. A pragmatic randomised controlled trial in primary care of the Camden Weight Loss (CAMWEL) programme. http://www.perfect-diet-tracker. Accessed 16 Aug 2018.
   Google Scholar
• McConnon A, Kirk SF, Cockroft JE, Harvey EL, Greenwood DC, Thomas JD, et al. The Internet for weight control in an obese sample: results of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007;19(7):206.
   Google Scholar
• Jolly K, Lewis A, Beach J, Denley J, Adab P, Deeks JJ, et al. Comparison of range of commercial or primary care led weight reduction programmes with minimal intervention control for weight loss in obesity: lighten Up randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2011;343:d6500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormick R, Bryant L, Sheridan J, Gonzalez J. New Zealand community pharmacist attitudes toward opioid-dependent clients. Drugs Educ Prev Policy. 2006;13(6):563–575.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattingh HL, Emmerton L, Ng Cheong Tin P, Green C. Utilization of community pharmacy space to enhance privacy: a qualitative study. Heal Expect. 2016;19(5):1098–1110.https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weidmann AE, Cunningham S, Gray G, Hansford D, Bermano G, Stewart D. Views of the Scottish general public on community pharmacy weight management services: International implications. Int J Clin Pharm. 2012;34(2):389–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar