Bridging the gap? Local production of medicines on the national essential medicine lists of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda

References

• Chan M. Ten years in public health. [Online]. 2017. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255355/9789241512442-eng.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed 13th Dec 2019.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Interagency statement on promoting local production of medicines and other health technologies. [Online]. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2019/may/20190524_local-production-medicines. Accessed 13th Jan 2020.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Local production and access to medicines in Low-and middle-income countries A literature review and critical analysis. [Online]. 2011. https://medeor.de/images/themen/konferenz/Local_Production_Literature_Review.pdf. Accessed 25th Nov 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan WA, Ritz LS, Vitello MLocal production of medical technologies and its effect on access in low and middle income countries: a systematic review of the literatureSouthern Med Review.201142414 https://doi.org/10.5655/smr.v4i2.1002.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Local production for access to medical products: developing a framework to improve public health. [Online]. 2011. https://www.who.int/phi/publications/Local_Production_Policy_Framework.pdf. Accessed 13th Jan 2020.
   Google Scholar
• East African Community. EAC Partner States. [Online]. https://www.eac.int/eac-partner-states. Accessed 13th Jan 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Mashingia JH, Ahonkhai V, Aineplan N, Ambali A, Angole A, Arik M, et al.Eight years of the East African Community Medicines Regulatory Harmonization initiative: implementation, progress, and lessons learnedPLoS Med2020 https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PMED.1003134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Pharmaceutical sector profile: Kenya. [Online]. 2010. https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/2010-12/Kenya_Pharma.Sector.profile_TEGLO05015_Ebook_0.pdf. Accessed: 17th Jan 2020.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Pharmaceutical sector profile: Uganda. [Online]. 2010. https://open.unido.org/api/documents/4699932/download/Pharmaceutical.Sector.Profile-Uganda. Accessed 17th Jan 2020.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Tanzania: pharmaceutical sector country profile questionnaire. [Online]. 2010. http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/coordination/coordination_assessment/en/index.html. Accessed 9th Feb 2020.
   Google Scholar
• East African Community. 2nd EAC regionalpharmaceuticalmanufacturing planof action 2017–2027. [Online], p. 14–25. http://eacgermany.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/2nd-EAC-Regional-Pharmaceutical-Manufacturing-Plan-of-Action-2017-2027.pdf. Accessed 13th Jan 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Medical Services Kenya. KENYA: pharmaceutical country profile. [Online]. 2010. https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/coordination/kenya_pharmaceuticalprofile_december2010.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 17th Feb 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Chaudhuri S, Mackintosh M, Mujinja PGMIndian generics producers, access to essential medicines and local production in Africa: an argument with reference to TanzaniaEur J Dev Res2010224451468
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uganda Ministry of Health. UGANDA: pharmaceutical country profile. [Online] 2011. https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/coordination/Uganda_PharmCountryProfilefulldoc.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 17th Feb 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Rafi S, Rasheed H, Usman M, Nawaz HA, Anjum SM, Chaudhry M, et al.Availability of essential medicines in Pakistan-A comprehensive document analysisPLoS ONE2021 https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0253880.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brhlikova P, Maigetter K, Murison J, Agaba AG, Tusiimire J, Pollock AMRegistration and local production of essential medicines in UgandaJ Pharm Policy Pract.202013118 https://doi.org/10.1186/S40545-020-00234-2/TABLES/3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Kenya pharmaceutical sector development strategy. [Online] 2012. https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/2015-03/KPSDS_ebook_0.pdf. Accessed 10th Mar 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. United Republic of Tanzania: health sector strategic plan. [Online]. 2015. http://www.tzdpg.or.tz/fileadmin/documents/dpg_internal/dpg_working_groups_clusters/cluster_2/health/Key_Sector_Documents/Induction_Pack/Final_HSSP_IV_Vs1.0_260815.pdf. Accessed 19th Feb 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Uganda Ministry of Health. National pharmaceuticalsector strategic plan. [Online]. 2015. https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/coordination/NPSSPIII.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 9th Mar 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Ewen M, Kaplan W, Gedif T, Justin-Temu M, Vialle-Valentin C, Mirza Z, et al.Prices and availability of locally produced and imported medicines in Ethiopia and TanzaniaJ Pharm Policy Pract.201710119 https://doi.org/10.1186/S40545-016-0095-1/TABLES/4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. COVID-19 heightens need for pharmaceutical production in poor countries. [Online]. https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=2375. Accessed 10th Jun 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Mujinja PGM, Mackintosh M, Justin-Temu M, Wuyts MLocal production of pharmaceuticals in Africa and access to essential medicines: ‘Urban bias’ in access to imported medicines in Tanzania and its policy implicationsGlobal Health201410112 https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-8603-10-12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tougher S, Mann AG, Gatakaa H, Poyer S, Njogu J, Evance I, et al.Improving access to malaria medicine through private-sector subsidies in seven African countriesHealth Aff201433915761585 https://doi.org/10.1177/0049475515574797.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadhum M, Mannion SLocal production of skeletal traction pins to improve access to skeletal tractionTrop Doct2015453174177 https://doi.org/10.1177/0049475515574797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan W, Laing R. Local production of pharmaceuticals: industrial policy and access to medicines an overview of key concepts, issues and opportunities for future research. [Online]. 2005. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13723. Accessed 17th Jun 2020.
   Google Scholar