223
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Adherence to evidence-based implementation of antimicrobial treatment guidelines among prescribers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ORCID Icon, , , , &
Article: 137 | Received 24 Jul 2023, Accepted 12 Oct 2023, Published online: 11 Mar 2024

References

  • Zhou N, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Lv C, Guo C, Liu H, Dong K, Zhang Y, Liu C, Chang Y-F, et al.Global antimicrobial resistance: a system-wide comprehensive investigation using the Global One Health IndexInfect Dis Poverty202211192 35996187 9395850 10.1186/s40249-022-01016-5
  • Shrestha P, Cooper BS, Coast J, Oppong R, Do Thi Thuy N, Phodha T, Celhay O, Guerin PJ, Wertheim H, Lubell YEnumerating the economic cost of antimicrobial resistance per antibiotic consumed to inform the evaluation of interventions affecting their useAntimicrob Resist Infect Control20187198 30116525 6085682 10.1186/s13756-018-0384-3
  • Chakaya J, Khan M, Ntoumi F, Aklillu E, Fatima R, Mwaba P, Kapata N, Mfinanga S, Hasnain SE, Katoto P, et al.Global tuberculosis report 2020—reflections on the global TB burden, treatment and prevention effortsInt J Infect Dis2021113Suppl 1S7s12 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhsFaqt7bI 33716195 8433257 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.107
  • Dadgostar PAntimicrobial resistance: implications and costsInfect Drug Resist20191239033910 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVertLvL 31908502 6929930 10.2147/IDR.S234610
  • Ayukekbong JA, Ntemgwa M, Atabe ANThe threat of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries: causes and control strategiesAntimicrob Resist Infect Control2017647 28515903 5433038 10.1186/s13756-017-0208-x
  • Jim ON. Antimicrobial resistance: tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations. Rev Antimicrob Resist. 2014.
  • Nahar P, Unicomb L, Lucas PJ, Uddin MR, Islam MA, Nizame FA, Khisa N, Akter SMS, Rousham EKWhat contributes to inappropriate antibiotic dispensing among qualified and unqualified healthcare providers in Bangladesh? A qualitative studyBMC Health Serv Res2020201656 32669092 7362537 10.1186/s12913-020-05512-y
  • Kamere N, Garwe ST, Akinwotu OO, Tuck C, Krockow EM, Yadav S, Olawale AG, Diyaolu AH, Munkombwe D, Muringu E, et al.Scoping review of national antimicrobial stewardship activities in eight African countries and adaptable recommendationsAntibiotics (Basel)20221191149 36139929 10.3390/antibiotics11091149
  • Cuevas C, Batura N, Wulandari LPL, Khan M, Wiseman VImproving antibiotic use through behaviour change: a systematic review of interventions evaluated in low- and middle-income countriesHealth Policy Plan2021365754773 8488384 10.1093/heapol/czab021
  • Lahariya C, Sharma S, Agnani M, de Graeve H, Srivastava JN, Bekedam HAttributes of standard treatment guidelines in clinical settings and public health facilities in IndiaIndian J Commun Med2022473336
  • Yan M, Chen L, Yang M, Zhang L, Niu M, Wu F, Chen Y, Song Z, Zhang Y, Li JEvidence mapping of clinical practice guidelines recommendations and quality for depression in children and adolescentsEur Child Adolesc Psychiatry20223220912108 35262810 10.1007/s00787-022-01958-z
  • Herbella FA, Patti MG, Filho RM, Serodio AM, Adão D, Bastos IBDA, Soares FR, Wagar III CHow changes in treatment guidelines affect the standard of care: ethical opinions using the Chicago 4.0 classification for esophageal motility disorders as exampleForegut202222111115 10.1177/26345161221081038
  • Burgers J, van der Weijden T, Grol R. Clinical practice guidelines as a tool for improving patient care. In: Improving patient care: the implementation of change in health care. 2020. pp. 103–129.
  • Crimmins EM, Beltrán-Sánchez HMortality and morbidity trends: is there compression of morbidity?J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci20116617586 21135070 10.1093/geronb/gbq088
  • Kruk ME, Gage AD, Joseph NT, Danaei G, García-Saisó S, Salomon JAMortality due to low-quality health systems in the universal health coverage era: a systematic analysis of amenable deaths in 137 countriesLancet20183921016022032212 30195398 6238021 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31668-4
  • Olayemi E, Asare EV, Benneh-Akwasi Kuma AAGuidelines in lower-middle income countriesBr J Haematol20171776846854 28295193 10.1111/bjh.14583
  • Docherty M, Shaw K, Goulding L, Parke H, Eassom E, Ali F, Thornicroft GEvidence-based guideline implementation in low and middle income countries: lessons for mental health careInt J Ment Heal Syst20171118 10.1186/s13033-016-0115-1
  • Mondéjar EFConsiderations on the low adherence to clinical practice guidelinesMed Intensiva201741265266
  • Odoch WD, Senkubuge F, Masese AB, Hongoro CHow are global health policies transferred to sub-Saharan Africa countries? A systematic critical review of literatureGlob Health202218125 10.1186/s12992-022-00821-9
  • Mhazo AT, Maponga CCAgenda setting for essential medicines policy in sub-Saharan Africa: a retrospective policy analysis using Kingdon’s multiple streams modelHealth Res Policy Syst202119172 33941199 8091660 10.1186/s12961-021-00724-y
  • Stegmann J-U, Jusot V, Menang O, Gardiner G, Vesce S, Volpe S, Ndalama A, Adou F, Ofori-Anyinam O, Oladehin O, et al.Challenges and lessons learned from four years of planning and implementing pharmacovigilance enhancement in sub-Saharan AfricaBMC Public Health20222211568 35978276 9383683 10.1186/s12889-022-13867-6
  • Chakkalakal RJ, Cherlin E, Thompson J, Lindfield T, Lawson R, Bradley EHImplementing clinical guidelines in low-income settings: a review of literatureGlob Public Health201387784795 23914758 10.1080/17441692.2013.815794
  • Heen AF, Vandvik PO, Brandt L, Montori VM, Lytvyn L, Guyatt G, Quinlan C, Agoritsas TA framework for practical issues was developed to inform shared decision-making tools and clinical guidelinesJ Clin Epidemiol2021129104113 33049326 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.10.002
  • Sarwar MR, Saqib A, Iftikhar S, Sadiq TAntimicrobial use by WHO methodology at primary health care centers: a cross sectional study in Punjab, PakistanBMC Infect Dis2018181492 30268106 6162939 10.1186/s12879-018-3407-z
  • Sijbom M, Büchner FL, Saadah NH, Numans ME, de Boer MGDeterminants of inappropriate antibiotic prescription in primary care in developed countries with general practitioners as gatekeepers: a systematic review and construction of a frameworkBMJ Open2023135 37197815 10193070 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065006
  • Perumal-Pillay VA, Suleman FSelection of essential medicines for South Africa—an analysis of in-depth interviews with national essential medicines list committee membersBMC Health Serv Res201717117 28061899 5219715 10.1186/s12913-016-1946-9
  • Peacocke EF, Myhre SL, Foss HS, Gopinathan UNational adaptation and implementation of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: a qualitative evidence synthesisPLoS Med2022193 35275938 8956172 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003944
  • Albarqouni L, Hoffmann T, Straus S, Olsen NR, Young T, Ilic D, Shaneyfelt T, Haynes RB, Guyatt G, Glasziou PCore competencies in evidence-based practice for health professionals: consensus statement based on a systematic review and Delphi SurveyJAMA Netw Open201812e180281e180281 30646073 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0281
  • Albarqouni L, Palagama S, Chai J, Sivananthajothy P, Pathirana T, Bakhit M, Arab-Zozani M, Ranakusuma R, Cardona M, Scott A, et al.Overuse of medications in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping reviewBull World Health Organ202310113661d 36593777 10.2471/BLT.22.288293
  • Hamers RL, Dobreva Z, Cassini A, Tamara A, Lazarus G, Asadinia KS, Burzo S, Olaru ID, Dona D, Emdin F, et al.Global knowledge gaps on antimicrobial resistance in the human health sector: a scoping reviewInt J Infect Dis2023134142149 37301361 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.004
  • Aromataris E, Stern C, Lockwood C, Barker TH, Klugar M, Jadotte Y, Evans C, Ross-White A, Lizarondo L, Stephenson M, et al.JBI series paper 2: tailored evidence synthesis approaches are required to answer diverse questions: a pragmatic evidence synthesis toolkit from JBIJ Clin Epidemiol2022150196202 35429608 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.04.006
  • Munn Z, Aromataris E, Tufanaru C, Stern C, Porritt K, Farrow J, Lockwood C, Stephenson M, Moola S, Lizarondo LThe development of software to support multiple systematic review types: the Joanna Briggs Institute System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information (JBI SUMARI)JBI Evid Implement20191713643
  • Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SEThe PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviewsInt J Surg202188 33789826 10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906
  • Gagliardi AR, Armstrong MJ, Bernhardsson S, Fleuren M, Pardo-Hernandez H, Vernooij RW, Willson M, Brereton L, Lockwood C, Amer YSThe Clinician Guideline Determinants Questionnaire was developed and validated to support tailored implementation planningJ Clin Epidemiol2019113129136 31152863 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.024
  • Titler MG. The evidence for evidence-based practice implementation. In: Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based handbook for nurses. 2008.
  • Borek AJ, Campbell A, Dent E, Moore M, Butler CC, Holmes A, Walker AS, McLeod M, Tonkin-Crine S, Anyanwu PE, et al.Development of an intervention to support the implementation of evidence-based strategies for optimising antibiotic prescribing in general practiceImplement Sci Commun202121104 34526140 8441243 10.1186/s43058-021-00209-7
  • Steels S, van Staa TPThe role of real-world data in the development of treatment guidelines: a case study on guideline developers’ opinions about using observational data on antibiotic prescribing in primary careBMC Health Serv Res2019191942 31805940 6896760 10.1186/s12913-019-4787-5
  • Hasenbein U, Wallesch CWWhat is "adherence to guidelines"? Theoretical and methodological considerations on a new concept for health system research and quality managementGesundheitswesen2007698–9427437 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2sngtlWktg%3D%3D 17926259 10.1055/s-2007-985388
  • Foxlee ND, Townell N, Heney C, McIver L, Lau CLStrategies used for implementing and promoting adherence to antibiotic guidelines in low-and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic reviewTrop Med Infect Disease202163166 10.3390/tropicalmed6030166
  • Kakkar AK, Shafiq N, Singh G, Ray P, Gautam V, Agarwal R, Muralidharan J, Arora PAntimicrobial stewardship programs in resource constrained environments: understanding and addressing the need of the systemsFront Public Health20208140 32411647 7198767 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00140
  • Adhikari P, Director M, Bhumiratana A, Acharya S, Acharya U, Pant S, Silwal S, Dawadi P, Koirala J, Gyanwali P. 1779. An assessment of antibiotic treatment guideline adherence for common infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital with an established Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Kathmandu, Nepal. In: Open Forum Infectious Diseases: 2022: Oxford University Press USA; 2022: ofac492. 1409.
  • Munn Z, Moola S, Lisy K, Riitano D, Tufanaru CMethodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence and cumulative incidence dataInt J Evid Based Healthc2015133147153 26317388 10.1097/XEB.0000000000000054
  • Copas J, Shi JQA sensitivity analysis for publication bias in systematic reviewsStat Methods Med Res2001104251265 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvksF2htw%3D%3D 11491412 10.1177/096228020101000402
  • Bello CBAdherence to medication administration guidelines among nurses in a health facility in South-West NigeriaPan Afr Med J202140156 34795835 8571931
  • Owusu H, Thekkur P, Ashubwe-Jalemba J, Hedidor GK, Corquaye O, Aggor A, Steele-Dadzie A, Ankrah DCompliance to guidelines in prescribing empirical antibiotics for individuals with uncomplicated urinary tract infection in a Primary Health Facility of Ghana, 2019–2021Int J Environ Res Public Health2022191912413 36231716 9566282 10.3390/ijerph191912413
  • Boonstra E, Lindbæk M, Ngome EAdherence to management guidelines in acute respiratory infections and diarrhoea in children under 5 years old in primary health care in BotswanaInt J Qual Health Care2005173221227 15723818 10.1093/intqhc/mzi020
  • Boonstra E, Lindbaek M, Khulumani P, Ngome E, Fugelli PAdherence to treatment guidelines in primary health care facilities in BotswanaTrop Med Int Health200272178186 1:STN:280:DC%2BD387htVaitA%3D%3D 11841708 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00842.x
  • Mashalla Y, Setlhare V, Massele A, Sepako E, Tiroyakgosi C, Kgatlwane J, Chuma M, Godman B. Assessment of prescribing practices at the primary healthcare facilities in Botswana with an emphasis on antibiotics: findings and implications. Int J Clin Pract. 2017; 71(12).
  • Prah J, Kizzie-Hayford J, Walker E, Ampofo-Asiama AAntibiotic prescription pattern in a Ghanaian primary health care facilityPan Afr Med J2017281214 29610652 5878858
  • Sefah IA, Essah DO, Kurdi A, Sneddon J, Alalbila TM, Kordorwu H, Godman BAssessment of adherence to pneumonia guidelines and its determinants in an ambulatory care clinic in Ghana: findings and implications for the futureJAC Antimicrob Resist202132dlab080 34223139 8210001 10.1093/jacamr/dlab080
  • Govender T, Suleman F, Perumal-Pillay VAEvaluating the implementation of the standard treatment guidelines (STGs) and essential medicines list (EML) at a public South African tertiary institution and its associated primary health care (PHC) facilitiesJ Pharm Policy Pract2021141105 34906236 8670019 10.1186/s40545-021-00390-z
  • Gasson J, Blockman M, Willems BAntibiotic prescribing practice and adherence to guidelines in primary care in the Cape Town Metro District, South AfricaS Afr Med J20181084304310 1:STN:280:DC%2BC1MjgtFGhtQ%3D%3D 29629681 10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i4.12564
  • Matsitse TB, Helberg E, Meyer JC, Godman B, Massele A, Schellack NCompliance with the primary health care treatment guidelines and the essential medicines list in the management of sexually transmitted infections in correctional centres in South Africa: findings and implicationsExpert Rev Anti Infect Ther20171510963972 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhs1ait77N 28922959 10.1080/14787210.2017.1382354
  • Niaz Q, Godman B, Campbell S, Kibuule DCompliance to prescribing guidelines among public health care facilities in Namibia; findings and implicationsInt J Clin Pharm202042412271236 32458227 7476965 10.1007/s11096-020-01056-7
  • Akpabio E, Sagwa E, Mazibuko G, Kagoya H, Niaz Q, Mabirizi D. Assessment of compliance of outpatient prescribing with the Namibia standard treatment guidelines in Public Sector Health Facilities. Windhoek: MSH-Namibia. 2014.
  • Wiedenmayer K, Ombaka E, Kabudi B, Canavan R, Rajkumar S, Chilunda F, Sungi S, Stoermer MAdherence to standard treatment guidelines among prescribers in primary healthcare facilities in the Dodoma region of TanzaniaBMC Health Serv Res2021211272 33761948 7990379 10.1186/s12913-021-06257-y
  • Budimu A, Emidi B, Mkumbaye S, Kajeguka DC. Adherence, awareness, access, and use of standard diagnosis and treatment guideline for malaria case management among healthcare workers in Meatu, Tanzania. J Trop Med. 2020.
  • Krause G, Borchert M, Benzler J, Heinmüller R, Kaba I, Savadogo M, Siho N, Diesfeld HRationality of drug prescriptions in rural health centres in Burkina FasoHealth Policy Plan1999143291298 1:STN:280:DyaK1Mvlsl2jtw%3D%3D 10621246 10.1093/heapol/14.3.291
  • Eticha EM, Gemechu WDAdherence to guidelines for assessment and empiric antibiotics recommendations for community-acquired pneumonia at ambo university referral hospital: prospective observational studyPatient Prefer Adherence202115467473 33658770 7920623 10.2147/PPA.S295118
  • Obegi EB. Antimicrobial prescribing patterns in critical care and compliance to guideline at the Kenyatta National Hospital. University of Nairobi; 2020.
  • Sibande GT, Banda NPK, Moya T, Siwinda S, Lester RAntibiotic guideline adherence by Clinicians in medical wards at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Blantyre MalawiMalawi Med J202234138 37265826 10230578 10.4314/mmj.v34i1.2
  • Otim ME, Demaya DK, Al Marzouqi A, Mukasa JAre antibiotics prescribed to inpatients according to recommended standard guidelines in South Sudan? A retrospective cross-sectional study in Juba Teaching HospitalJ Multidiscip Healthc20211428712879 34675535 8522334 10.2147/JMDH.S321990
  • Nehal AM Musa HMHaMMAM, Musa NAM, Harron HM, Maatoug MMA. Assessment of medical doctors’ adherence to national protocol for treatment of severe pneumonia in underfive children admitted to Wad-Medani pediatric teaching hospital, Gezira State, Sudan (2018). Clin Pract. 2019; 16(S1): 1381–1388. https://doi.org/10.4172/clinical-practice.1000405.
  • Obakiro SB, Napyo A, Wilberforce MJ, Adongo P, Kiyimba K, Anthierens S, Kostyanev T, Waako P, Van Royen PAre antibiotic prescription practices in Eastern Uganda concordant with the national standard treatment guidelines? A cross-sectional retrospective studyJ Global Antimicrob Resist202229513519 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.11.006
  • Miyanda PM, Siame B, Chisulo ACAntibiotic prescribing patterns at a level one hospital using national treatment guidelines prescribing indicators in ZambiaJ Prevent Rehabil Med2022415964
  • Saunders BI. Inappropriate antibiotic use: a survey of provider prescribing behaviors. 2020.
  • Wehking F, Debrouwere M, Danner M, Geiger F, Buenzen C, Lewejohann J-C, Scheibler F. Impact of shared decision making on healthcare in recent literature: a scoping review using a novel taxonomy. J Public Health 2023:1–12.
  • Correa VC, Lugo-Agudelo LH, Aguirre-Acevedo DC, Contreras JAP, Borrero AMP, Patiño-Lugo DF, Valencia DACIndividual, health system, and contextual barriers and facilitators for the implementation of clinical practice guidelines: a systematic metareviewHealth Res Policy Syst202018111 10.1186/s12961-020-00588-8
  • Tian C, Xu M, Wang Y, Lu J, Wang Y, Xue J, Ge L. Barriers and strategies of clinical practice guideline implementation in China: aggregated analysis of 16 cross-sectional surveys. J Public Health. 2023:1–14.
  • Saluja K, Reddy KS, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Li Y, Chu X, Li R, Hou L, Horsley T, Carden FImproving WHO’s understanding of WHO guideline uptake and use in Member States: a scoping reviewHealth Res Policy Syst2022201121 10.1186/s12961-022-00899-y
  • Blackwood J, Armstrong MJ, Schaefer C, Graham ID, Knaapen L, Straus SE, Urquhart R, Gagliardi ARHow do guideline developers identify, incorporate and report patient preferences? An international cross-sectional surveyBMC Health Serv Res202020110 10.1186/s12913-020-05343-x
  • Engle RL, Mohr DC, Holmes SK, Seibert MN, Afable M, Leyson J, Meterko MEvidence-based practice and patient-centered care: doing both wellHealth Care Manage Rev2021463174 31233424 10.1097/HMR.0000000000000254
  • Melnyk BM, Gallagher-Ford L, Fineout-Overholt E. Implementing the evidence-based practice (EBP) competencies in healthcare: a practical guide for improving quality, safety, and outcomes: Sigma Theta Tau; 2016.
  • Cullen L, Hanrahan K, Farrington M, Tucker S, Edmonds S. Evidence-based practice in action: comprehensive strategies, tools, and tips from University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics: Sigma Theta Tau; 2022.
  • Saha SK, Thursky K, Kong DC, Mazza DA novel GPPAS model: guiding the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship in primary care utilising collaboration between general practitioners and community pharmacistsAntibiotics20221191158 36139938 9495087 10.3390/antibiotics11091158
  • Fadoul Y, Haddad C, Habib J, Zoghbi MPharmaceutical brochures in Lebanon: do they meet WHO recommendations?BMC Primary Care202223118 10.1186/s12875-022-01930-5
  • Karasneh RA, Al-Azzam SI, Ababneh M, Al-Azzeh O, Al-Batayneh OB, Muflih SM, Khasawneh M, Khassawneh A-RM, Khader YS, Conway BRPrescribers’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors on antibiotics, antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in JordanAntibiotics2021107858 34356779 8300611 10.3390/antibiotics10070858
  • Al Rahbi F, Al Salmi I, Khamis F, Al Balushi Z, Pandak N, Petersen E, Hannawi SPhysicians’ attitudes, knowledge, and practices regarding antibiotic prescriptionsJ Global Antimicrob Resist2023325865 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.12.005
  • Rawson T, Moore L, Hernandez B, Charani E, Castro-Sanchez E, Herrero P, Hayhoe B, Hope W, Georgiou P, Holmes AA systematic review of clinical decision support systems for antimicrobial management: are we failing to investigate these interventions appropriately?Clin Microbiol Infect2017238524532 1:STN:280:DC%2BC1czjs1Kqsg%3D%3D 28268133 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.02.028
  • Eudaley ST, Mihm AE, Higdon R, Jeter J, Chamberlin SMDevelopment and implementation of a clinical decision support tool for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in a family medicine resident clinicJ Am Pharm Assoc2019594579585 10.1016/j.japh.2019.03.006
  • Steffens E, Quintens C, Derdelinckx I, Peetermans WE, Van Eldere J, Spriet I, Schuermans AOutpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy and antibiotic stewardship: opponents or teammates?Infection201947169181 30443780 10.1007/s15010-018-1250-1
  • Venkatesan AM, Kundu S, Sacks D, Wallace MJ, Wojak JC, Rose SC, Clark TW, d'Othee BJ, Itkin M, Jones RSPractice guideline for adult antibiotic prophylaxis during vascular and interventional radiology proceduresJ Vasc Interv Radiol2010211116111630 21029949 10.1016/j.jvir.2010.07.018
  • Fischer F, Lange K, Klose K, Greiner W, Kraemer ABarriers and strategies in guideline implementation—a scoping reviewHealthcare (Basel)20164336 27417624 10.3390/healthcare4030036
  • McArthur C, Bai Y, Hewston P, Giangregorio L, Straus S, Papaioannou ABarriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-based guidelines in long-term care: a qualitative evidence synthesisImplement Sci202116170 34243789 8267230 10.1186/s13012-021-01140-0
  • Pereira VC, Silva SN, Carvalho VKS, Zanghelini F, Barreto JOMStrategies for the implementation of clinical practice guidelines in public health: an overview of systematic reviewsHealth Res Policy Syst202220113 35073897 8785489 10.1186/s12961-022-00815-4
  • Serigstad S, Markussen DL, Ritz C, Ebbesen MH, Knoop ST, Kommedal Ø, Heggelund L, Ulvestad E, Bjørneklett RO, Grewal HMS, et al.The changing spectrum of microbial aetiology of respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemicBMC Infect Dis2022221763 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38Xis1GntbbN 36180842 9523652 10.1186/s12879-022-07732-5
  • Natarajan A, Zlitni S, Brooks EF, Vance SE, Dahlen A, Hedlin H, Park RM, Han A, Schmidtke DT, Verma R, et al.Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA suggest prolonged gastrointestinal infectionMed202236371387.e379 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XhtFyrtbzO 35434682 10.1016/j.medj.2022.04.001
  • Foxlee ND, Townell N, Heney C, McIver L, Lau CLStrategies used for implementing and promoting adherence to antibiotic guidelines in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic reviewTrop Med Infect Dis202163166 34564550 8482147 10.3390/tropicalmed6030166
  • Peters S, Sukumar K, Blanchard S, Ramasamy A, Malinowski J, Ginex P, Senerth E, Corremans M, Munn Z, Kredo T, et al.Trends in guideline implementation: an updated scoping reviewImplement Sci202217150 35870974 9308215 10.1186/s13012-022-01223-6
  • Wu S, Tannous E, Haldane V, Ellen ME, Wei XBarriers and facilitators of implementing interventions to improve appropriate antibiotic use in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation ResearchImplement Sci202217130 35550169 9096759 10.1186/s13012-022-01209-4
  • Elaine L, Patricia L-W, Cliona OR, Eileen S, Jonathan D, Colm OT, Michael OC, Mark C, Francis B, Martina H, et al.Evidence-based practice education for healthcare professions: an expert viewBMJ Evid Based Med2019243103 10.1136/bmjebm-2018-111019
  • Skivington K, Matthews L, Simpson SA, Craig P, Baird J, Blazeby JM, Boyd KA, Craig N, French DP, McIntosh E, et al.A new framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions: update of Medical Research Council guidanceBMJ2021374 34593508 8482308 10.1136/bmj.n2061
  • O'Brien EA-O, Clyne B, Smith SA-O, O'Herlihy N, Harkins V, Wallace E. A scoping review protocol of evidence-based guidance and guidelines published by general practitioner professional organisations. LID-53. (2515–4826 (Electronic)).
  • Kredo T, Bernhardsson S, Machingaidze S, Young T, Louw Q, Ochodo E, Grimmer KGuide to clinical practice guidelines: the current state of playInt J Qual Health Care2016281122128 26796486 4767049 10.1093/intqhc/mzv115
  • Chan WV, Pearson TA, Bennett GC, Cushman WC, Gaziano TA, Gorman PN, Handler J, Krumholz HM, Kushner RF, MacKenzie TD, et al.ACC/AHA special report: clinical practice guideline implementation strategies: a summary of systematic reviews by the NHLBI implementation science work groupCirculation20171359e122e137 28126839 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000481
  • Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al.The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviewsBMJ2021372n71 10.1136/bmj.n71 33782057 8005924