84
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Lighting “Paradise”: A Sociopolitical History of Electrification in Bali

Pages 9-34 | Received 09 Mar 2015, Accepted 17 Nov 2015, Published online: 01 Oct 2020

References

  • Abdulgani, Roeslan (1986). Jangan “Nggege Mongso” Terhadap Hasil KTT Ekonomi Tokyo (Don't “Rush” on the Results of the Tokyo Economic Summit). Surabaya Post 13 May.
  • Abeyasekere Susan (1987). Jakarta: A History. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Abraham Itty (1998). The Making of the Indian Atomic Bomb: Science, Secrecy, and the Postcolonial State. New York: Zed.
  • Aditiasari, Dana (2014). 21 Dusun Belum Dapat Listrik, Pemkab Bangli Bagikan Panel Surya (21 Hamlets Have Not Yet Received Electricity, Bangli District Government Distributes Solar Panel). Detikfinance 14 May (http://finance.detik.com/read/2014/05/14/144437/2582578/1034/21-dusun-belum-dapat-listrik-pemkab-bangli-bagikan-panel-surya).
  • Akwan B. M. (1977). Perusahaan Umum Listrik Negara Wilayah XI Cabang Denpasar (The Indonesian State Electricity Company Eleventh Region Denpasar Branch). In Lokakarya Listrik Pedesaan Ketiga (The Third Village Electrification Seminar). Jakarta: Jakarta Perusahaan Umum Listrik Negara.
  • Alsagoff, Harun (1986). Mencari Makna Kunjungan Reagan (Finding Meaning in Reagan's Visit). Surabaya Post 29 April.
  • Anderson Benedict (2006). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Rev. ed. London: Verso.
  • Arismunandar Artono (1978). Energi dan Tenaga Listrik Tegangan Tinggi Sebagai Sarana Peningkatan dan Pemerataan Kesejahteraan Rakyat (Energy and High Voltage Electricity as a Way to Improve and Equalize People's Welfare). Berita PLN (January): 9–23.
  • Arka Made (1982). Pengaruh Listrik Pedesaan Terhadap Kegiatan Sosioekonomi Masyarakat Di Bali (The Influence of Village Electrification on Socioeconomic Activities of Balinese Society). Denpasar: Fakulas Ekonomi Universitas Udayana.
  • Bali Post (1973a). Denpasar & sekitarnya akan disorot 30.000 Kw (Denpasar and Surrounding Areas Will Be Lit with 30,000 Kw). March 17.
  • Bali Post (1973b). Barang2 Proyek PLTD Sanggaran Tiba di Benoa (PLTD Sanggaran Project's Materials Arrived in Benoa). 19 April.
  • Bali Post (1975a). Listrik Utk. Rakyat Jangan Hanya Utk Industri & yg Berada (Electricity for the People Not Just for Industry and the Wealthy). 29 January.
  • Bali Post (1975b). Tegangan Listrik 220 Volt Mulai Masuk Kota Denpasar (220 Volt Electric Voltage Starts to Enter Denpasar). 19 April.
  • Bali Post (1976a). Pertama Di Indonesia (First in Indonesia). November 11.
  • Bali Post (1976b). Menteri Sutami Akan Resmikan “Package Kelistrikan Desa” (Minister Sutami Will Inaugurate the “Village Electrification Package”). 25 November.
  • Bali Post (1977a). Diperkirakan 5000 TV Sudah Terpasang Di Bali Proyek TVRI Bali Alami Kelambatan (It Is Estimated 5,000 Television Sets Have Been Installed in Bali TVRI Project in Bali Is Delayed). 24 January.
  • Bali Post (1977b). Perlu Diteliti Efek Sampingan Listrik Masuk Desa (Need to Study the Side Effects of Electricity Entering the Villages). 22 November.
  • Bali Post (1977c). Percepat Langkah Pelaksanaan Kelistrikan Desa (Accelerate the Implementation Phase of the Village Electrification Program). 6 December.
  • Bali Post (1977d). Listrik Masuk Desa Pengaruh Positipnya Pasti Ada (Electricity Entering the Villages Must Have Positive Influences). 7 December.
  • Bali Post (1978). Berapa Jumlah Pesawat TV Di Bali (How Many Television Sets in Bali). 25 September.
  • Bali Post (1979). Di Indonesia Ada 14 Juta Radio, 1,25 Juta TV, 1000 Bioskop (In Indonesia There Are 14 Million Radios, 1.25 Million Television Sets, 1000 Theaters). 7 October.
  • Bali Post (1981a). Dalam Sebuah Interkoneksi Selambat2nya 1986 Jaringan Listrik Jawa-Bali (By 1986 the Latest a Java-Bali Interconnected Electricity Network). 18 April.
  • Bali Post (1981b). Dari Hasil Bazaar Banjar Cabe Dilengkapi Dengan TV (From the Results of Bazaar the Hamlet Cabe Is Now Equipped with a TV). 9 September.
  • Bali Post (1986). Bunga Rampai Kunjungan Reagan Di Bali Mobil Antipeluru Didaratkan (Selected Story of Reagan's Visit in Bali Bullet-Proof Car Arrives). 29 April.
  • Bali Post (1991). Menmud Saadilah Mursjid: Kelistrikan Tak Boleh Henti Jika Ingin Maju Dan Modern (Junior Minister Saadilah Mursjid: Electrification Must Not Stop If We Want to Advance and Become Modern). December 21.
  • Bali Post (1995). Gubernur Turunkan Petromak, 636 Desa Terjangkau Listrik (Governor Lowers Kerosene Lamp, 636 Villages Reached by Electric Power Lines). August 12.
  • Bali Post (2009). Listrik Jadi Kebutuhan Primer (Electricity Becomes Primary Need). 23 December.
  • BAPPEDA (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah) Tingkat I Bali (1986). Tabel 15.1.7 Banyaknya TV Yang Terdaftar Tahun 1986 (Table 15.1.7 Total Number of Registered Televisions in 1986). In Data Bali Membangun 1986 (Data on Bali Developing 1986). Denpasar: Departemen Dalam Negeri Pemerintah Propinsi Daerah Tingkat I Bali.
  • BAPPEDA (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah) Tingkat I Bali (1991). Tabel 15.6 Jumlah Pesawat TV Yang Terdapat Per Kabupaten, 1991 (Table 15.6 Total Number of Television Sets in Each Regency, 1991). In Data Bali Membangun 1991 (Data on Bali Developing 1991). Denpasar: Departemen Dalam Negeri Pemerintah Propinsi Daerah Tingkat I Bali.
  • Barker Joshua (2005). Engineers and Political Dreams: Indonesia in the Satellite Age. Current Anthropology 46, no. 5: 703–27.
  • Berita PLN (1983). Sistem Transmisi Tegangan Ekstra Tinggi Pertama Di ASEAN, Kedua Di Asia Setelah Jepang (The Extra-High-Voltage Transmission System Is the First in ASEAN, the Second in Asia after Japan). February: 46.
  • Berita PLN (1984). Pertemuan Kelistrikan Desa ASEAN II di Bali (The Second ASEAN Village Electrification Conference in Bali). February: 20.
  • Berita PLN (1985). Peletakan Batu Pertama Pondasi Tower Untuk Jalur Transmisi 500 kV Ungaran-Krian (The Laying of First Stone of the Tower Foundation for the 500 kV Ungaran-Krian Transmission Line). April: 20–21.
  • Berita PLN (1987a). Menteri Pertambangan & Energi Subroto Meresmikan Listrik Masuk Desa & Kabel Laut Jawa-Madura Di Jatim (Ministry of Mining and Energy Subroto Inaugurated Electricity Entering the Villages and Submarine Java-Madura Cable in East Java). April: 12–13.
  • Berita PLN (1987b). Kabel Laut (Submarine Cable). June: 3–7, 30.
  • Berita PLN (1989). Menteri Pertambangan Dan Energi Resmikan Kabel Laut Jawa-Bali (Minister of Mining and Energy Inaugurated Java-Bali Submarine Cable). August: 3–8.
  • Berita PLN (1996). Kunjungan Kerja Dirut PT PLN (Persero) di Wilayah XI (Official Visit of the PLN Eleventh Region's Main Director). January: 26.
  • Billig Michael (1995). Banal Nationalism. London: Sage.
  • Brodman, Janice Donna (1983). Technology Change, Equity, and Growth: A Case Study of Rural Electrification in Java. PhD diss., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
  • Chikowero Moses (2007). Subalternating Currents: Electrification and Power Politics in Bulawayo, Colonial Zimbabwe, 1894–1939. Journal of Southern African Studies 33, no. 2: 287–306.
  • Coopersmith Jonathan (1992). The Electrification of Russia, 1880–1926. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Covarrubias Miguel (1938). Island of Bali. New York: Knopf.
  • Cowan Ruth Schwartz (1989). The Consumption Junction: A Proposal for Research Strategies in the Sociology of Technology. In The Social Construction of Technological Systems, edited by Bijker Wiebe E. Pinch Trevor Hughes Thomas Parke Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Cribb R. B. (2010). Digital Atlas of Indonesian History. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.
  • Darmono Djoko , Hadiwidojo Purbo M. M. , Sukamto Rab , Satibi Suharto , Suhala Supriatna , Lukman Anim , and Sudradjat Adjat (2009). Mineral Dan Energi Kekayaan Bangsa: Sejarah Pertambangan Dan Energi Indonesia (Mineral and Energy the Wealth of Nation: The History of Mining and Energy in Indonesia). Jakarta: Departemen Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral.
  • De Block Greet (2011). Designing the Nation: The Belgian Railway Project, 1830–1837. Technology and Culture 52, no. 4: 703–32.
  • De Zoete Beryl , and Spies Walter (1938). Dance and Drama in Bali. London: Faber and Faber.
  • Emmerson Donald K. (1978). The Bureaucracy in Political Context: Weakness in Strength. In Political Power and Communications in Indonesia, edited by Jackson Karl D. and Pye Lucian W. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Gunartati (1983). Perkembangan Kelistrikan di Bali (Electrification Development in Bali). Berita PLN. July: 51–56.
  • Hecht Gabrielle (1998). The Radiance of France Nuclear Power and National Identity after World War II. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Hecht Gabrielle (2006). Negotiating Global Nuclearities: Apartheid, Decolonization, and the Cold War in the Making of the IAEA. Osiris 21: 25–48.
  • Heryanto Ariel , and Lutz Nancy (1988). The Development of “Development.” Indonesia, no. 46: 1–24.
  • Hess, David (1986). Problems Face Reagan in Asia Visit. Philadelphia Inquirer 29 April.
  • Hughes Thomas Parke (1983). Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880–1930. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Husin, Imron (1989). Rural Electrification in Indonesia: Policy Implementation in Theory and Practice. PhD diss., Australian National University, Canberra.
  • Indonesia (1986). The United Nations and East Timor. October: 129–42.
  • Indosat (2009). History of the Palapa Satellite (http://www.palapasat.com/history.php, accessed July 23, 2014).
  • Ipong, C. (1980). Di Balik Sukses Konprensi OPEC Ke-59 Di Bali. Bali Post 24 December.
  • Jones-Imhotep Edward (2009). Communicating the North: Scientific Practice and Canadian Postwar Identity. Osiris 24: 144–64.
  • Kale Sunila S. (2014). Electrifying India Regional Political Economies of Development. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Kitley Philip (2000). Television, Nation, and Culture in Indonesia. Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies.
  • Kline Ronald , and Pinch Trevor (1996). Users as Agents of Technological Change: The Social Construction of the Automobile in the Rural United States. Technology and Culture 37, no. 4: 763–95.
  • Kompas (1986a). Presiden AS Ke Tokyo Bawa Masukan Dan Meninggalkan Sejumlah Janji (The US President Goes to Tokyo Bringing Some Input and Leaving Some Promises). 3 May.
  • Kompas (1986b). KTT Tokyo Kurang dari Apa yang Diharapkan RI (The Tokyo Summit Is Less than What RI Hopes). 10 May.
  • Lansing J. Stephen (2006). Perfect Order: Recognizing Complexity in Bali. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • McDonald David A. , ed. (2009). Electric Capitalism: Recolonising Africa on the Power Grid. Sterling, VA: Earthscan.
  • Mohsin Anto (2014). Wiring the New Order: Indonesian Village Electrification and Patrimonial Technopolitics (1966–1998). Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 29, no. 1: 63–95.
  • Mrázek Rudolf (2002). Engineers of Happy Land: Technology and Nationalism in a Colony. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Mukerji Chandra (2009). The New Rome: Infrastructure and National Identity on the Canal du Midi. Osiris 24: 15–32.
  • Nye David E. (1990). Electrifying America: Social Meanings of a New Technology, 1880–1940. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Oerip Soetrisno (1979). Perkembangan Kelistrikan International Zone Bali (Development of Electricity in Bali International Zone). Denpasar: PLN Exploitasi VIII.
  • Oudshoorn Nelly , and Pinch Trevor (2005). How Users Matter: The Co-construction of Users and Technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Parker Lyn (2003). From Subjects to Citizens: Balinese Villagers in the Indonesian Nation-State. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.
  • Pelangi Nusra (1993). Dirut PLN Dr. Ir. Zuhal, “Wajah Kita Di Mata Orang Lain Adalah ‘PLN Wilayah XI’” (PLN Main Director Dr. Zuhal: “Our Face to the Outside World ‘PLN Eleventh Region’”). October–December: 8–9.
  • Pelangi Nusra (1995a). Profil Desa Subaya dan Siakin (Profiles of the Villages Subaya and Siakin). 27 July: 10.
  • Pelangi Nusra (1995b). Telah Diresmikan 18 Proyek Listrik Masuk Desa di Kintamani (18 Electricity Entering the Villages Projects Have Been Inaugurated in Kintamani). 27 October: 25–26.
  • Pertambangan Dan Energi (1980). Bali, Pulau Inspirasi Bagi OPEC (Bali, an Island of Inspiration for OPEC). No. 6: 5–7.
  • Perusahaan Umum Listrik Negara (1983). Program Pembangunan Kelistrikan Desa 1983/1984 (The Village Electrification Development 1983/1984). Jakarta: Perusahaan Umum Listrik Negara.
  • Picard Michel , and Darling Diana (1996). Bali: Cultural Tourism and Touristic Culture. Singapore: Archipelago.
  • PLN Headquarters, Evaluation Analysis and Information System Division (1996). Table 28: Number of Villages and Customers of Rural Electrification. In PLN Statistics 1995. Jakarta: PT PLN (Persero).
  • Pringle Robert (2004). A Short History of Bali: Indonesia's Hindu Realm. Crows Nest, Australia: Allen and Unwin.
  • Protschky Susie (2012). The Empire Illuminated: Electricity, “Ethical” Colonialism, and Enlightened Monarchy in Photographs of Dutch Royal Celebrations, 1898–1948. Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History 13, no. 3.
  • Putra, I Gusti Alit (2009). Mengatasi “Black Out” Lewat “Bali Crossing” (Handling “Black Out” Using “Bali Crossing”). Bali Post 24 October.
  • Putra I. Nyoman Darma (2011). A Literary Mirror: Balinese Reflections on Modernity and Identity in the Twentieth Century. Leiden: KITLV.
  • Rao Srinivasa , and Lourdasamy John (2010). Colonialism and the Development of Electricity: The Case of Madras Presidency, 1900–47. Science, Technology and Society 15, no. 1: 27–54.
  • Reuters (1986). Indonesian Hotel Prepares “Bali Hi” for Reagan's Visit. Christian Science Monitor. 9 April.
  • Robinson Geoffrey (1995). The Dark Side of Paradise: Political Violence in Bali. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Saputera, I Gusti Bagus (1978). Listrik Masuk Desa (Electricity Entering Villages). Bali Post 21 January.
  • SarDesai D. R. (2006). Southeast Asian History: Essential Readings. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Shamir Ronen (2013). Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Siddiqi Asif A. (2009). Germans in Russia: Cold War, Technology Transfer, and National Identity. Osiris 24: 120–43.
  • Slotten Hugh R. (2002). Satellite Communications, Globalization, and the Cold War. Technology and Culture 43, no. 2: 315–30.
  • Soeharto (1980). Pidato Presiden Pada Pembukaan Sidang OPEC Ke-59 Di Denpasar Bali (The President's Speech on the Opening of the Fifty-Ninth OPEC Conference in Denpasar). Pertambangan Dan Energi, no. 6: 15–18.
  • Soekarno and Cindy Heller Adams (1966). Sukarno: An Autobiography, as Told to Cindy Adams. 2nd printing. Hong Kong: Gunung Agung.
  • Soemardjan, Selo, Moh Sadli, Soedjatmoko, and Saparinah Sadli (1980). Laporan Penelitian Listrik Masuk Desa (Report of Research on Electricity Entering Villages). Jakarta: Direktorat Pembinaan Penelitian dan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
  • Star Susan Leigh , and Griesemer James R. (1989). Institutional Ecology, “Translations” and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907–39. Social Studies of Science 19, no. 3: 387–420.
  • Suluh Dewata (2004). Menjadikan Litrik Untuk Kehidupan Yang Lebih Baik (To Use Electricity to Make a Better Living). May–June: 6.
  • Supartha Wayan , and Oka Ida Bagus (1998). Sepuluh Tahun Bersama I. B. Oka (Ten Years with I. B. Oka). Denpasar: Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia Cabang Bali.
  • Surabaya Post (1986). Setelah Musibah Delta, Nasib Peluncuran Palapa Belum Pasti (After the Delta Disaster, Palapa's Launch Is Uncertain). 7 May.
  • Tanner, James (1980). War Polarizes OPEC on the Eve of Conference. Wall Street Journal 12 December.
  • Teknologi (1987). PPB Gandul Mengendalikan Listrik Se-Jawa (PPB Gandul Controls All of Java's Electricity). March: 18–19.
  • Tempo (1979). Televisi Masuk Desa (Televisions Entering the Villages). 1 September.
  • Teja, I. Ketut Ari (2011). Megaproyek Listrik Bali Crossing Yang Saat Ini Sudah Proses Tender Tower Tertinggi Di Dunia, Lahannya Seluas Lapangan Bola (Electricity Megaproject Bali Crossing Is in the Bidding Process, Its Area Is the Size of a Football Field). Bali Post 8 June.
  • Vickers Adrian (1989). Bali, a Paradise Created. Berkeley, CA: Periplus.
  • Wong, Kristina, and Sean Lengell (2012). DeMint: Law of the Sea Treaty Now Dead. Washington Times 16 July.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.