1,029
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Chemotaxis of Fungal Zoospores, with Special Reference to Aphanomyces cochlioides

&
Pages 1933-1948 | Published online: 22 May 2014

  • 1) Taylor, T.N., Remy, W., and Hass, H., Parasitism in a 400-million-year-old green alga. Nature, 357, 493-494 (1992).
  • 2) Buczacki, S.T., In “Zoosporic Plant Pathogen”, Academic Press, London (1983).
  • 3) Sparrow, F.K., In “Aquatic Phycomycetes”, 2nd edn. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, pp. 1187 (1960).
  • 4) Newell, S.Y. and Fell, J.W., Distribution and experimental responses to substrate of marine Oomycetes (Halophytophthora spp.) in mangrove ecosystems. Mycol. Res., 851-856 (1992).
  • 5) Orpin, G.C. and Bountiff, L., Zoospore chemotaxis in the rumen Phycomycete Neocallimastix frontalis. J. Gen. Microbiol., 104, 113-122 (1978).
  • 6) Bruin, G.C.A. and Edgington, L.V., Thechemical control of diseases caused by zoosporic fungi. In “Zoosporic Plant Pathogens”, ed. Buczacki, S.T., Academic Press. London, pp. 193-232 (1983).
  • 7) Deacon, J.W., Ecological implications of recognition events in the pre-infection stages of root pathogens. New Phytol., 133, 135-145 (1996).
  • 8) Zentmyer, G.A., Chemotaxis ofzoospores for root exudates. Science, 133, 1595-1596 (1961).
  • 9) Rai, P.V. and Strobel, G.A., Chemotaxis of zoospores of Aphanomyces cochlioides to sugar beet seedlings. Phytopathology, 56, 1365-1369 (1966).
  • 10) Carlile, M.J., Motility, taxis, and tropism in Phytophthora. In “Phytophthora, It’s Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology and Pathology”, eds. Erwin, D.C., Bartnicki-Garcia, S., and Tao, P.H., American Phytopathological Society, Minnesota, USA, pp. 95-107 (1983).
  • 11) Jones, S.W., Donaldson, S.P., and Deacon, J.W., Behaviour of zoospores and zoospore cysts in relation to root infection by Pythium aphanidermatum. New Phytol., 117, 289-301 (1991).
  • 12) Troutman, J.L. and Wills, W.H., Electroaxis of Phytophthora parasitica zoospores and it’s possible role in infection of tobacco by the fungus. Phytopathology, 54, 225-228 (1964).
  • 13) Morris, P.F. and Ward, E.W.B., Chemoattraction of the zoospores of the soybean pathogen, Phytophthora sojae, by isoflavones. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 40, 17-22 (1992).
  • 14) Kerwin, J.L., Grant, D.F., and Berbee, M.L., Specific induction of encystment of Lagenidium giganteum zoospores by concanavalin A and derivatives of chitin and chitosan. Protoplasma, 161, 43-51 (1991).
  • 15) Porter, J.R. and Shaw, D.S., Aggregation of Phytophthora drechsleri zoospores: pattern analysis suggests a taxis. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 71, 515-519 (1978).
  • 16) Khew, K.I. and Zentmyer, G.A., Chemotactic response of zoospores of five species of Phytophthora. Phytopathology, 63, 1511-1517 (1973).
  • 17) Deacon, J.W. and Donaldson, S.P., Molecular recognition in the homing responses of zoosporic fungi, with special reference to Pythium and Phytophthora. Mycol. Res., 97, 1153-1171 (1993).
  • 18) Horio, T., Kawabata, Y., Takayama, T., Tahara, S., Kawabata, J., Fukushi, Y., Nishimura, H., and Mizutani, J., A potent attractant of zoospores of Aphanomyces cochlioides isolated from its host, Spinacea oleracea. Experientia, 48, 410-414 (1992).
  • 19) Horio, T., Yoshida, K., Kikuchi, H., Kawabata, J., and Mizutani, J., A phenolic amide from roots of Chenopodium album. Phytochemistry, 33, 807-808 (1993).
  • 20) Yokosawa, R., Kuninaga, S., and Sekizaki, H., Aphanomyces euteiches zoospore attractant isolated from pea root: Prunetin. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn., 52, 809-816 (1986).
  • 21) Mizutani, M., Hashidoko, Y., and Tahara, S., Factors responsible for inhibiting the motility of zoospores of the phytopathogenic fungus Aphanomyces cochlioides isolated from the non-host plant Portulaca oleracea. FEBS Lett., 438, 236-240 (1998).
  • 22) Tahara, S., Mizutani, M., Takayama, T., and Ohkawa, K., Plant secondary metabolities regulating behavior of zoospores of the phytopathogenic fungus Aphanomyces cochlioides. Pest. Sci., 55, 209-211 (1999).
  • 23) Islam, M.T. and Tahara, S., Repellent activity of estrogenic compounds toward zoospores of the phytopathogenic fungus Aphanomyces cochlioides. Z. Naturforsch., 56c, 253-261 (2001).
  • 24) Islam, M.T. and Tahara, S., Survey of physiologically active compounds in traditional medicinal plants regulating the behavior of zoospores of phytopathogenic fungus Aphanomyces cochlioides. In “Utilization of natural products in developing countries: trends and needs”, eds. Mansingh, A., Morrison, E., and Lowe, H., Natural Products Institute, University of West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, (2001) (in press).
  • 25) Gow, N.A.R., Campbell, T.A., Morris, B.M., Osborne, M.C., Reid, B., Shephered, S.J., and West, P.V., Signals and interactions between phytopathogenic zoospores and plant roots. In “Microbial Signaling and Communication”, 57th Symp. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. Symp., eds. England, R., Hobbs, G., Bainton, N., and Robertson, D.McL., Cambridge University Press, U.K., pp. 285-305 (1999).
  • 26) Tahara, S. and Ingham, J.L., Simple flavones possessing complex biological activity. In “Studies in Natural Products Chemistry”, ed. Attaur-Rahman, Vol. 22, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 457-505 (2000).
  • 27) Hawksworth, D.L., Kirk, P.M., Sutton, B.C., and Pegler, D.N., In “Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of Fungi”. International Mycological Institute, CAB International, Wallingford, U.K. (1996).
  • 28) Barr, D.J.S., The zoosporic grouping of plant pathogens-entity or non-entity? In “Zoosporic Plant Pathgens”, ed. Buczacki, S.T., Academic Press, London, pp. 43-83 (1983).
  • 29) Hiruki, C. and Teakle, D.S., Soil-borne viruses of plants. In “Current Topics in Vector Research”, ed. Harris, K.F., Vol. 3, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 177-215 (1987).
  • 30) Dick, M.W., Fungi, flagella and phylogeny. Mycol. Res., 101, 385-394 (1997).
  • 31) Islam, M.T., Ito, T., and Tahara, S., Morphological studies on the Aphanomyces cochlioides zoospore and its changes during the interaction with host materials. J. Gen. Plant Pathol., (2001) (in press).
  • 32) Lange, L. and Olson, L.W., The fungal zoospores-its structure and biosignificance. In “Zoosporic Plant Pathogens”, ed. Buczacki, S.T. Academic Press, London, pp. 1-42 (1983).
  • 33) Dick, M.W., The Peronosporomycetes. In “The Mycota VII Part A, Systematics and Evolution”, eds. McLaughlin/McLaughlin/Lemke, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 39-72 (2001).
  • 34) Cahill, D.M., Cope, M., and Hardham, A.R., Thrust reversal by tubular mastiginemes: immunological evidence for a role of mastigonemes in forward motion of zoospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi. Protoplasma, 194, 1-2 (1996).
  • 35) Tong, S.M., Developayella elegans nov. spec., a new type of heterotrophic flagellate from marine plankton. Eur. J. Protistol., 31, 24-31 (1995).
  • 36) Islam, M.T., Ito, T., and Tahara, S., Microscopic studies on the attachment and differentiation of zoospores of the phytopathogenic fungus Aphanomyces cochlioides. Phytopathology, (2001) (Submitted).
  • 37) Newhook, F.J., Young, B.R., Allen, S.D., and Allen, R.N., Zoospore motility of Phytophthora cinnamomi in particular substrates. Phytopathol. Z., 101, 202-209 (1981).
  • 38) Wilkinson, H.T., Miller, R.D., and Miller, R.L., Infiltration of fungal and bacterial propagules into soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 45, 1034-1039 (1981).
  • 39) Ferris, V.R., A note on the flagellation of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Science, 120, 71 (1954).
  • 40) Royle, D.J. and Hickman, C.J., Analysis of factors govering in vitro accumulation of zoospores of Pythium aphanidermatum on roots. II. Substances causing response. Can. J. Microbiol., 10, 201-219 (1964).
  • 41) Ribero, O.K., Physiology of asexual sporulation and spore germination in Phytophthora. In “Phytophthora. Its Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology, and Pathology”, eds. Erwin, D.C., Bartnicki-Garcia, S., and Tsao, P.H., The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, Minnesota, pp. 55-70 (1983).
  • 42) Cerenius, L. and Söderhäll, K., Repeated zoospore emergence as a possible adaptation to parasitism in Aphanomyces. Exp. Mycol., 9, 259-263 (1985).
  • 43) Höhnk, W., Polyplanetism and zoospore germination in Saprolegniaceae and Pythium. Am. J. Bot., 20, 45-62 (1933).
  • 44) Salvin, S.B., The occurrence of five successive swarming stages in a non-sexual Achlya. Mycologia, 32, 148-154 (1940).
  • 45) Söderhäll, K. and Cerenius, L., Controlled growth and development in filamentous Oomycetes with emphasis on Aphanomyces spp. In “Zoosporic Fungi in Teaching and Research”, eds. Fuller. M.S. and Jaworski, A., Southeastern Pub. Co., Athens, Georgia, pp. 264-267 (1987).
  • 46) Drechsler, C., The beet water mold and several related root parasites. J. Agric. Res., 38, 309-361 (1929).
  • 47) Ogoshi, A., Aphanomyces, In “Hokkaido hatasakumotsu no dojohbyougai”. Hokkaido hatasakumotsu no dojohbyougai kankoh kai hen (exec. ed. Ui, T.), Hokkaido University, Faculty of Agriculture, Sapporo, Japan (in Japanese), pp. 53-62 (1983).
  • 48) Ui, T. and Nakamura, S., Sugar-beet black root and its pathogen Aphanomyces cochlioides: Pathogenicity and host specificity. Tensai-kenkyukai-Hokoku (in Japanese), 3, 78-95 (1963).
  • 49) Watanabe, K., Root rot of feather cockscomb caused by Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechsler. Bull Fac. Agric. Tamagawa Univ., Japan, 31, 29-43 (1991).
  • 50) Schnitzer, M.J., Block, S.M., Berg, H.C., and Purcell, E.M., Strategies for chamotaxis. In “Biology of the Chemotactic Response”, eds. Armitage, J.P. and Lackie, J.M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 15-34 (1990).
  • 51) Armitage, J.P., Behavioural responses in bacteria. Ann. Rev. Physiol., 54, 683-714 (1992).
  • 52) Thomas, D.D. and Peterson, A.P., Chemotactic auto-aggregation in the water mould Achlya. J. Gen. Microbiol., 136, 847-853 (1990).
  • 53) Müller, D.G., Quantitative evaluation of sexual chemotaxis in two marine brown algae. Z. Pflanzenphysiol., 80, 120-130 (1976).
  • 54) Takayama, T., Mizutani, J., and Tahara, S., Drop method as a quantitative bioassay method of chemotaxis of Aphanomyces cochlioides zoospore. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn., 64, 175-178 (1998).
  • 55) Takayama, T., Ecochemical studies on chemotaxis of spinach root rot pathogen, Aphanomyces cochlioides zoospores. PhD Thesis, Grad. Sch. Agric., Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (in Japanese), pp. 27-40, (March 1999).
  • 56) Donaldson, S.P. and Deacon, J.W., Effects of amino acids and sugars on zoospore taxis, encystment and cyst germination in Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp., P. catenulatum Mathews and P. dissotocum Drechs. New Phytol., 123, 289-295 (1993).
  • 57) Halsall, D.M., Zoospore chemotaxis in Australian isolates of Phytophthora species. Can. J. Microbiol., 22, 409-422 (1976).
  • 58) Aveling, T.A.S. and Rijkenberg, F.H.J., A quantitative study of Phytophthora cinnamomi zoospore encystment and germination on the roots of four avocado cultivars. Phytophylactica, 23, 229-231 (1991).
  • 59) Tyler, B.M., Wu, M.H., Wang, J.M., Cheung, W., and Morris, P.F., Chemotactic preferences and strain variation in the response of Phytophthora sojae zoospores to host isoflavones. App. Environ. Microbiol., 62, 2811-2817 (1996).
  • 60) Deacon, J.W. and Mitchell, R.T., Toxicity of oat roots, oat root extracts, and saponins to zoospores of Pythium spp. and other fungi. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 84, 479-487 (1985).
  • 61) Bauer, W.D. and Caetano-Anolles, G., Chemotaxis, induced gene expression and competitiveness in the rhizophere. Plant Soil, 129, 45-52 (1990).
  • 62) Gubler, F., Hardham, A.R., and Duniec, J., Characterizing adhesiveness of Phytophthora cinnamomi zoospores during encystment. Protoplasma, 149, 24-30 (1989).
  • 63) Hardham, A.R., Cell biology of pathogenesis. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 43, 491-526 (1992).
  • 64) Hinch, J.M. and Clarke, A.E., Adhesion of fungal zoospores to root surface is mediated by carbohydrate determinants of the root slime. Physiol. Plant Pathol., 16, 303-307 (1980).
  • 65) Estrada-Garcia, M.T., Ray, T.C., Green, J.R., Callow, J.A., and Kenedy, J.F., Encysment of Pythium aphanidermatum zoospores is induced by root mucilage polysaccharides, pectin and monclonal antibody to a surface antigen. J. Exp. Bot., 41, 693-699 (1990).
  • 66) Zhang, Q., Griffith, J.M., Moore, J.G., Iser, J.R., and Grant, B.R., The effect of modified pectin, pectin fragments and cations on Phytophthora palmivora zoospores. Phytochemistry, 29, 695-700 (1990).
  • 67) Mitchell, R.T. and Deacon, J.W., Chemotropism of germ tubes from zoospore cysts of Pythium spp. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 88, 401-403 (1986).
  • 68) Hardham, A.R. and Gubler, F., Polarity of attachment of zoospores of root pathogen and pre-alignment of the emerging germ tubes. Cell Biol. Int. Rep., 14, 947-526 (1990).
  • 69) Bircher, U. and Hohl, H.R., Environmental signaling during induction of appressorium formation in Phytophthora. Mycol. Res., 101, 395-402 (1997).
  • 70) Kerwin, J.L., Johnson, L.M., Whisler, H.C., and Tuiniga, A.R., Infection and morphogenesis of Pythium marinum in species of Porphyra and other red algae. Can. J. Bot., 70, 1017-1024 (1992).
  • 71) Royle, D.J. and Thomas, G.G., The influence of stomatal opening on the infection of hop leaves by Pseudoperonospora humuli. Physiol. Plant Pathol., 1, 329-343 (1971).
  • 72) Jansson, H.B. and Thiman, L., A preliminary study of chemotaxis of zoospores of the nematode-parasitic fungus Catenaria anguillulae. Mycologia, 84, 109-112 1992.
  • 73) Park, D., Accumulation of fungi by cellulose exposed in a river. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 74, 253-258 (1974).
  • 74) Couch, J.N., Techniques for collection, isolation, and culture of chytrids. J. Elisha Mitchell Soc., 55, 208-214 (1939).
  • 75) Yokosawa, R. and Kuninaga, S., Aphanomyces raphani zoospore attractant isolated from cabbage: Indole-3-aldehyde. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn., 45, 339-343 (1979).
  • 76) Barbour, W.M., Hattermann, D.R., and Stacey, G., Chemotaxis of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to soybean exudates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, 2635-2639 (1991).
  • 77) Rand, T.G. and Munden, D., Chemotaxis of zoospores of two fish-egg-pathogenic strains of Saprolegnia diclina (Oomycotina: Saprolegniaceae) toward salmonid egg chorion extracts and selected amino acids and sugars. J. Aquatic Anim. Health, 5, 240-245 (1993).
  • 78) Kerwin, J.L., Dritz, D.A., and Washino, R.K., Nonmammalian safety tests for Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales). J. Econ. Entomol., 81, 158-171 (1988).
  • 79) Kerwin, J.L., Dritz, D.A., and Washino, R.K., Confirmation of the safety of Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) to mammals. J. Econ. Entomol., 83, 374-376 (1990).
  • 80) Peterson, E.E., Semon, M.J., Kerwin, J.L., and Brower, J.M., Regulation of attachment, germination, and appressorium formation by zoospores of Lagenidium giganteum and related Oomycetes by chitin, chitosan, and catecholamines. Protoplasma, 197, 96-110 (1997).
  • 81) Ko, W.H. and Chase, L.L., Aggregation of zoospores of Phytophthora palmivora. J. Gen. Microbiol., 78, 79-82 (1973).
  • 82) Reid, B., Morris, B.M., and Gow, N.A.R., Calcium-dependent, genus specific, autoaggregation of zoospores of phytopathogenic fungi. Exp. Mycol., 19, 202-213 (1995).
  • 83) Islam, M.T., Ito, T., and Tahara, S., Host-specific plant signal or G-protein activator, mastoparan triggers differentiation of zoospores of the phytopathogenic Oomycete Aphanomyces cochlioides, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., (2001) (Submitted).
  • 84) Donaldson, S.P. and Deacon, J.W., Changes in motility of Pythium zoospores induced by calcium-modulating drugs. Mycol. Res., 97, 877-883 (1993).
  • 85) Sing, V.O. and Bartnicki-Garcia, S., Lysis of zoospore of Phytophthora palmivora induced by concanavalin A. Experientia, 31, 643-644 (1975).
  • 86) Hardham, A.R. and Suzuki, E., Encystment of zoospores of the fungus, Phytophthora cinnamoni, is induced by specific lectin and monclonal antibody binding to the cell surface. Protoplasma, 133, 165-173 (1986).
  • 87) von Broembsen, S.L, and Deacon, J.W., Effect of calcium on germination and further zoospore release from zoospore cysts of Phytophthora parasitica. Mycol. Res., 100, 1498-1504 (1996).
  • 88) Donaldson, S.P. and Deacon, J.W., Role of calcium in adhesion and germination of zoospore cysts of Pythium: a model to explain infection of host plants. J. Gen. Microbiol., 138, 2051-2059 (1992).
  • 89) Deacon, J.W. and Saxena, G., Germination triggers of zoospore of Aphanomyces euteiches and Phytophthora parasitica. Mycol. Res., 102, 33-41 (1998).
  • 90) Kikuchi, H., Horio, T., Kawabata, J., Koyama, N., Fukushi, Y., Mizutani, J., and Tahara, S., Activity of host-derived attractants and their related compounds toward the zoospores of phytopathogenic Aphanomyces cochlioides. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 59, 2033-2035 (1995).
  • 91) Sekizaki, H., Yokosawa, R., Chine, C., Adachi, H., and Yamane. Y., Studies on zoospore-attracting activity. II. Synthesis of isoflavones and their attracting activity to Aphanomyces euteiches zoospore. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 16, 698-701 (1993).
  • 92) Cunningham, S., Kollmeyer, W.D., and Stacey, G., Chemical control of interstrain competition for soybean nodulation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum. App. Environ. Microbiol., 57, 1886-1892 (1991).
  • 93) Manson, M.D., Bacterial motility and chemotaxis. Adv. Microb. Physiol, 33, 277-346 (1992).
  • 94) Morris, P.F., Bone, E., and Tyler, B.M., Chemotropic and contact response of Phytophthora sojae hyphae to soybean isofiavonoids and artificial substrates. Plant Physiol., 117, 1171-1178 (1998).
  • 95) Caetano-Anolles, G., Cris-Estes, D.K., and Bauer, W.D., Chemotaxis of Rhizobium meliloti to the plant flavone luteolin requires functional nodulation genes. J. Bacteriol., 170, 3164-3169 (1988).
  • 96) Peters, K.N., Frost, J.W., and Long, S.R., A plant flavone, luteolin, induces expression of Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes. Science, 233, 977-980 (1986).
  • 97) Swarthout, J.T. and Walling, H.W., Lysophosphatidic acid: receptors, signaling and survival. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 57, 1978-1985 (2000).
  • 98) Jensen, P.R., Jenkins, K.M., Porter, D., and Fenical, W., Evidence that a new antibiotic flavone glycoside chemically defends the sea grass Thalassia testudinum against zoosporic fungi. App. Environ. Microbiol., 64, 1490-1496 (1998).
  • 99) Harborne, J.B. and Williams, C.A., Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry, 55, 481-504 (2000).
  • 100) Ma, W.G., Mizutani, M., Malterud, K.E., Lu, S.L., Ducrey, B., and Tahara, S., Saponins from the roots of Panax notoginseng. Phytochemistry, 52, 1133-1139 (1999).
  • 101) Ersek, T., Gala, A.A., and Kevei, F., Mucidin, antibiotic highly effective on Phytophthora infestans. Acta Phytopathol. Entom. Hung., 29, 239-247 (1994).
  • 102) Young, D.H., Michelotti, E.L., Swindell, C.S., and Krauss, N.E., Antifungal poperties of taxol and various analogues. Experientia, 48, 882-885 (1992).
  • 103) Takao, N., Shimoda, C., and Yanagishima, N., Chemical nature of yeast sexual hormones. Develop., Growth Differentiation, 12, 199-205 (1970).
  • 104) Barksdale, A.W., Sexual hormones of Achlya and other fungi. Science, 166, 831-837 (1969).
  • 105) Heftmann, E., Wright, B.E., and Liddle, G.U., The isolation of Δ22-stigmasten-3β-ol Dictyostelium discoideum. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 91, 266-270 (1960).
  • 106) Warburton, A.J. and Deacon, J.W., Transmembrane Ca2+-fluxes associated with zoospore encystment and cyst germination by the phytopathogen Phytophthora parasitica. Fungal Genet. Biol., 25, 54-62 (1998).
  • 107) Connolly, M.S., Williams, N., Heckman, C.A., and Morris, P.F., Soybean isoflavones trigger a calcium influx in Phytophthora sojae. Fungal Genet. Biol., 28, 6-11 (1999).
  • 108) Blood, R.A., Transmembrane signaling in cilia and flagella. Protoplasma, 164, 12-22 (1991).
  • 109) Ordal, G.W., Calcium ion regulates chemotactic behaviour of Bacteria. Nature, 270, 66-67 (1977).
  • 110) Boitano, S. and Omoto, C.K., Trout sperm swimming patterns and role of intracellular calcium. Cell Motility Cytoskel., 21, 74-82 (1992).
  • 111) Harz, H. and Hegemann, P., Rhodopsin-regulated calcium currents in Chlamydomonas. Nature, 351, 489-491 (1991).
  • 112) Naccache, P.H., Gaudry, M., Bourgoin, S., and McColl, S.R., Signal transduction in leucocytes: the linkage between receptor and motor. In “Biology of the Chemotactic Response”, eds. Armitage, J.P. and Lackie, J.M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 347-378 (1990).
  • 113) Newell, P.C., Europe-Finner, G.N., Liu, Gammon, B., and Wood, C.A., Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium: the signal transduction pathway to actin and myosin. In “Biology of the Chemotactic Response”, eds. Armitage, J.P. and Lackie, J.M., Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, pp. 273-295 (1990).
  • 114) Tamm, S.L., Control of reactivation of microtubule sliding by calcium, strontium, and barium in detergent-extracted macrocilia of Benoe. Cell Motility Cytoskel., 12, 104-112 (1989).
  • 115) Cameron, J.N. and Carlile, M.J., Binding of isovaleraldehyde, an attractant, to zoospores of the fungus Phytophthora palmivora in relation to zoospore chemotaxis. J. Cell Sci., 49, 273-281 (1981).
  • 116) Wang, N., Yan, K., and Rasenick, M.M., Tubulin binds specifically to the signal-transducing proteins, Gsα and Giα 1. J. Biol. Chem., 265, 1239-1242 (1990).
  • 117) Bengtsson, T., Särndahl, E., Stendahl, O., and Andersson, T., Involvement of GTP-binding proteins in actin polymerization in human neutrophils. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 2921-2925 (1990).
  • 118) van Es, S. and Devreotes, P.N., Molecular basis of localized responses during chemotaxis in amoebae and leukocytes. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 55, 1341-1351 (1999).
  • 119) Islam, M.T., Survey of physiologically active compounds in traditional medicinal plants guided by bioassay using zoospore of phytopathogenic Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechsler. MS Thesis, Grad. Sch. Agric., Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 1-14 (1999).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.