- 1) Ames, B. N., Endogenous oxidative DNA damage, aging and cancer. Mutat. Res., 7, 94–99 (1989).
- 2) McCord, J. M., The evolution of free radicals and oxidative stress. Am. J. Med., 108, 652–659 (2000).
- 3) Castro, L., and Freeman, B. A., Reactive oxygen species in human health and disease. Nutrition, 17, 161–165 (2001).
- 4) Gutterridge, J. M. C., and Halliwell, B., “Antioxidants in Nutrition, Health, and Disease,” Oxford Univerity Press, Oxford (1994).
- 5) Scalbert, A., Johnson, I., and Saltmarsh, M., Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 81, 215S–217S (2005).
- 6) Scalbert, A., Morand, C., Rémésy, C., and Jiménez, L., Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crit. Rev. Food Sci., 45, 287–306 (2005).
- 7) Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., Manson, J. E., Stanpfer, M., Rosner, B., Cook, N. P., Belanger, C., LaMotte, F., Gaziano, J. M., Ridker, P. M., Willett, W., and Peto, R., Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 334, 1145–1149 (1996).
- 8) Taylor, H. R., Tikellis, G., Robman, L. D., McCarty, C. A., and McNeil, J. J., Vitamin E supplementation and macular degeneration: randomized controlled trial. Brit. Med. J., 325, 7354:11 (2002).
- 9) Moller, P., Vogel, U., Pederson, A., Dragsted, L. O., Sandstrom, B., and Loft, S., No effect of 600 grams fruit and vegetables per day on oxidative DNA damage and repair in healthy nonsmokers. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 2, 1016–1022 (2003).
- 10) Tuomilehto, J. T., Hu, G., Bidel, S., Lindström, J., and Jousilati, P. J., Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged Finnish men and women. Am. Med. Assoc., 291, 1213–1219 (2004).
- 11) Bozeman, P. M., Learn, D. B., and Thomas, E. L., Assay of the human leukocyte enzymes myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase. J. Immunol. Method., 24, 125–133 (1990).
- 12) Marletta, M. A., Yoon, P. S., Iyenger, R., Leaf, C. D., and Wishnok, J. S., Macrophage oxidation of L-arginine to nitrite and nitrate: nitric oxide is an intermediate. Biochem., 27, 8706–8711 (1988).
- 13) Yanai, N., Shiotani, S., Mizuno, M., Nabetani, H., and Nakajima, M., Characteristics of antioxidant activity of carnosine and anserine mixture isolated from chicken extract: comparison with other botanical antioxidants. J. Jpn. Soc. Food Sci. Technol. (in Japanese), 51, 238–246 (2004).
- 14) Boldyrev, A. A., Retrospectives and perspectives on the biological activity of histidine-containing dipeptides. Int. J. Biochem., 22, 129–132 (1990).
- 15) Bonfanti, L., Peretto, P., De Marchis, S., and Fasolo, A., Carnosine-related dipeptides in the mammalian brain. Prog. Neurobiol., 59, 333–353 (1999).
- 16) Hipkiss, A. R., and Brownson, C., A possible new role for the anti-aging peptide carnosine. Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 57, 747–753 (2000).
- 17) Kikuchi, Y., Da, Q., and Fujino, T., Variation in red blood cell deformability and possible consequences for oxygen transport to tissue. Microvas. Res., 47, 222–231 (1994).
- 18) Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J. M. C., and Arouma, O. I., The deoxyribose method: a simple “test-tube” assay for determination of rate constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals. Anal. Biochem., 165, 215–219 (1987).
- 19) Radi, R., Beckman, J. S., Bush, K. M., and Freeman, B. A., Peroxynitrite oxidation of sulhydryls. The cytotoxic potential of superoxide and nitric oxide. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 4244–4259 (1991).
- 20) Hipkiss, A. R., Worthington, V. C., Himsworth, D. T. J., and Herwig, W., Protective effects of carnosine against protein modification mediated by malondialdehyde and hypochlorite. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1380, 46–54 (1998).
- 21) Matsumoto, K., Nishi, K., Tokutomi, Y., Irie, T., Suenaga, A., and Otagiri, M., Effects of α 1-acid glycoprotein on erythrocyte deformability and membrane stabilization. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 26, 123–126 (2003).
- 22) Slater, A. F., Nobel, C. S., and Orrenius, S., The role of intracellular oxidants in apoptosis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1271, 59–62 (1995).
- 23) Harris, R. C., Marlin, D. J., Dunnet, M., Snow, D. H., and Hultman, E., Muscle buffering capacity and dipeptide content in the thoroughbred horse, greyhound dog and man. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., A97, 249–251 (1990).
- 24) Arouma, O. I., Langhton, M. J., and Halliwell, B., Carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine: could they act as antioxidants in vivo? Biochem. J., 264, 863–869 (1989).
- 25) Hirayama, O., Takagi, M., Hukumoto, K., and Katoh, S., Evaluation of antioxidant activity by chemiluminescence. Anal. Biochem., 247, 232–241 (1997).
- 26) Bolis, M. S., Antioxidant determination by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181, 1199–1200 (1958).
- 27) de Kok, T. M., van Maanen, J. M., Lankelma, J., ten Hoor, F., and Kleinjans, J. C., Electron spin resonance spectroscopy of oxygen radicals generated by synthetic fecapentaene-12 and reduction of fecapentaene mutagenicity to Salmonella typhimurium by hydroxyl radical scavenging. Carcinogenesis, 13, 1249–1255 (1992).
- 28) Halliwell, B., and Gutteridge, J. M. C., Oxidative stress. In “Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine,” Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, pp. 45–350 (1999).
- 29) Wilson, K. E., Thompson, J. E., Huner, N. P. A., and Greenberg, B. M., Effects of ultraviolet-A exposure on ultraviolet-B-induced accumulation of specific flavonoids in Brassica napus. Photochem. Photobiol., 73, 678–684 (2001).
- 30) Okada, Y., Okajima, H., Shima, Y., and Ohta, H., Hydroxy redical scavenging action of capsaicin. Redox Rep., 7, 153–157 (2002).
Full access
Antioxidant Combination Inhibits Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Damage
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.