98
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

From Behavioral Genetics to Molecular Genetics

Direct Tests of Genetic Hypotheses for Behavioral Phenotypes

Pages 57-74 | Published online: 13 Oct 2008

References

  • Allison , D. B. 1997 . Transmission-disequilibrium test for quantitative traits . American Journal of Human Genetics , 60 : 676 – 690 .
  • Ball , D. M. , Hill , L. , Freeman , B. , Eley , T. C. , Strelau , J. , Riemann , R. , Spinath , F. M. , Angleitner , A. and Plomin , R. 1997 . The serotonin transporter gene and peer-rated neuroticism . NeuroReport , 8 : 1301 – 1304 .
  • Bengel , D. , Greenberg , B. D. , Cora-Locatelli , G. , Altemus , M. , Heilis , A. , Li , Q. and Murphy , D. L. 1999 . Association of the serotonin transporter promoter regulatory region polymorphism and obsessive-compulsive disorder . Molecular Psychiatry , 4 : 463 – 466 .
  • Benjamin , J. , Li , L. , Patterson , C. , Greenburg , B. D. , Murphy , D. L. and Hamer , D. H. 1996 . Population and familial association between the D4 dopamine receptor gene and measures of novelty seeking . Nature Genetics , 12 : 81 – 84 .
  • Brunner , H. G. , Nelen , M. , Breakefield , X. O. , Ropers , H. H. and van Oost , B. A. 1993 . Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A . Science , 262 : 578 – 580 .
  • Caron , C. and Rutter , M. 1991 . Comorbidity in child psychopathology: Concepts, issues and research strategies . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 32 : 1063 – 1080 .
  • Collier , D. A. , Stöber , G. , Heils , A. , Catalano , M. , Di Bella , D. , Arranz , M. J. , Murray , R. M. , Vallada , H. P. , Bengel , D. , Muller-Reible , C. R. , Roberts , G. W. , Smeraldi , E. , Kirov , G. , Sham , P. C. and Lesch , K. P. 1996 . A novel functional polymorphism within the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene: Possible role in susceptibility to affective disorders . Molecular Psychiatry , 1 : 453 – 460 .
  • Corder , E. H. , Saunders , A. M. , Strittmatter , W. J. , Schmechel , D. E. , Gaskell , P. C. , Small , G. W. , Roses , A. D. , Haines , J. L. and Vance , Pericak M.A. 1993 . Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families . Science , 261 : 921 – 923 .
  • Dale , P. S. , Simonoff , E. , Bishop , D. V. M. , Eley , T. C. , Oliver , B. , Price , T. S. , Purcell , S. , Stevenson , J. and Plomin , R. 1998 . Genetic influence on language delay in 2-year-olds . Nature Neuroscience , 1 : 324 – 328 .
  • Deater-Deckard , K. , Reiss , D. , Hetherington , E. M. and Plomin , R. 1997 . Dimensions and disorders of adolescent adjustment: A quantitative genetic analysis of unselected samples and selected extremes . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 38 : 515 – 525 .
  • Deckert , J. , Catalano , M. , Heils , A. , Di Bella , D. , Friess , F. , Politi , E. , Franke , P. , Nöthen , M. M. , Maier , W. , Bellodi , L. and Lesch , K. 1997 . Functional promoter polymorphism of the human serotonin transporter: Lack of association with panic disorder . Psychiatric Genetics , 7 : 45 – 47 .
  • Ebstein , R. , Levine , J. , Geller , V. , Auerbach , J. , Gritsenko , I. and Belmaker , R. H. 1998 . Dopamine D4 receptor and serotonin transporter promoter in the determination of neonatal temperament . Molecular Psychiatry , 3 : 238 – 246 .
  • Ebstein , R. P. , Novick , O. , Umansky , R. , Priel , B. , Osher , Y. , Blaine , D. , Bennett , E. R. , Nemanov , L. , Katz , M. and Belmaker , R. H. 1996 . Dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) exon III polymorphism associated with the human personality trait novelty-seeking . Nature Genetics , 12 : 78 – 80 .
  • Eley , T. C. 1997a . General genes: A new theme in developmental psychopathology . Current Directions in Psychological Science , 6 : 90 – 95 .
  • Eley , T. C. 1997b . Depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: Etiological links between normality and abnormality: A research note . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 38 : 861 – 866 .
  • Eley , T. C. , Lichtenstein , P. and Stevenson , J. 1999a . Sex differences in the aetiology of aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial behavior: Results from two twin studies . Child Development , 70 : 155 – 168 .
  • Eley , T. C. and Stevenson , J. 1999b . Using genetic analyses to clarify the distinction between depressive and anxious symptoms in children and adolescents . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 27 : 105 – 114 .
  • Freeman , B. , Powell , J. , Ball , D. M. , Hill , L. , Craig , I. W. and Plomin , R. 1997 . DNA by mail: An inexpensive and noninvasive method for collecting DNA samples from widely dispersed populations . Behavior Genetics , 27 : 251 – 257 .
  • Fulker , D. W. and Cherny , S. S. 1996 . An improved multipoint sib-pair analysis of quantitative traits . Behavior Genetics , 26 : 527 – 532 .
  • Gayther , S. A. , Pharoah , P. D. and Ponder , B. A. 1998 . The genetic of inherited breast cancer . Journal of Mammary Gland Biology & Neoplasia , 3 : 365 – 376 .
  • Goodyer , I. M. , Wright , C. and Altham , P. M. E. 1988 . Maternal adversity and recent stressful life events in anxious and depressed children . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 29 : 651 – 667 .
  • Hammen , C. , Burge , D. and Adrian , C. 1991 . Timing of mother and child depression in a longitudinal study of children at risk . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 59 : 341 – 345 .
  • Heath , A. C. , Eaves , L. J. and Martin , N. G. 1998 . Interaction of marital status and genetic risk for symptoms of depression . Twin Research , : 119 – 122 .
  • Hotopf , M. , Carr , S. , Mayou , R. , Wadsworth , M. and Wessely , S. 1998 . Why do children have chronic abdominal pain, and what happens to them when they grow up? Population based cohort study . British Medical Journal , 316 : 1196 – 1200 .
  • Hwang , S. J. , Beaty , T. H. , Panny , S. R. , Street , N. A. , Joseph , J. M. , Gordon , S. , McIntosh , I. and Francomano , C. A. 1995 . Association study of Transforming Growth Factor Alpha Taq1 Polymorphism and Oral Clefts: Indication of Gene-Environment Interaction in a Population-based Sample of Infants with Birth Defects . American Journal of Epidemiology , 141 : 629 – 636 .
  • Ibañez , A. , de Castro , I. P. , Fernandez-Piqueras , J. , Blanco , C. and Saiz-Ruiz , J. 2000 . Pathological gambling and DNA polymorphic markers at MAO-A and MAO-B genes . Molecular Psychiatry , 5 : 105 – 109 .
  • Kendler , K. S. , Neale , M. C. , Kessler , R. C. , Heath , A. C. and Eaves , L. J. 1992 . Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Same genes, (partly) different environments? . Archives of General Psychiatry , 49 : 716 – 722 .
  • Kendler , K. S. , Walters , E. E. , Neale , M. C. , Kessler , R. C. , Heath , A. C. and Eaves , L. J. 1995 . The structure of the genetic and environmental risk factors for six major psychiatric disorders in women: Phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, bulimia, major depression, and alcoholism . Archives of General Psychiatry , 52 : 374 – 383 .
  • Kohlmann , C. W. , Schumacher , A. and Streit , R. 1988 . Trait anxiety and parental child-rearing behaviour: Support as a moderator variable? . Anxiety Research , 1 : 53 – 64 .
  • Kotler , M. , Cohen , H. , Segman , R. , Gritsenko , I. , Nemanov , L. , Lerer , B. , Kramer , I. , Zer-Zion , M. , Kletz , I. and Ebstein , R. P. 1997 . Excess dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR,) exon III seven repeat allele in opioid-dependent subjects . Molecular Psychiatry , 2 : 251 – 254 .
  • Krohne , H. W. and Hock , M. 1991 . Relationships between restrictive mother-child interactions and anxiety of the child . Anxiety Research , 4 : 109 – 124 .
  • Lesch , K. P. , Bengel , D. , Heils , A. , Sabol , Zhang S. , Greenburg , B. D. , Petri , S. , Benjamin , J. , Müller , C. R. , Hamer , D. H. and Murphy , D. L. 1996 . Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region . Science , 274 : 1527 – 1531 .
  • Li , T. , Xu , K. , Deng , H. , Cai , G. , Liu , J. , Liu , X. , Wang , R. , Xiang , X. , Zhao , J. , Murray , R. M. , Sham , P. C. and Collier , D. A. 1997 . Association analysis of the dopamine D4 gene exon III VNTR and heroin abuse in Chinese subjects . Molecular Psychiatry , 2 : 413 – 416 .
  • Lichtenstein , P. , Harris , J. R. , Pedersen , N. L. and McClearn , G. E. 1992 . Socioeconomic status and physical health, how are they related? An empirical study based on twins reared apart and twins reared together . Social Science and Medicine , 36 : 441 – 450 .
  • Light , J. G. and DeFries , J. C. 1995 . Comorbidity of reading and mathematics disabilities: Genetic and environmental etiologies . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 28 : 96 – 106 .
  • Maser , J. D. and Cloninger , C. R. 1990 . Comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press .
  • McGuffin , P. , Owen , M. J. , O'Donovan , M. C. , Thapar , A. and Gottesman , I. I. 1994 . Seminars in psychiatric genetics , London, , UK : Gaskell .
  • Okuyama , Y. , Ishiguro , H. , Nankai , M. , Shibuya , H. , Watanabe , A. and Arinami , T. 2000 . Identification of a polymorphism in the promoter region of DRD4 associated with the human novelty seeking personality . Molecular Psychiatry , 5 : 64 – 69 .
  • Perez de Castro , I. , Ibañez , A. , Torres , P. , Saiz-Ruiz , J. and Fernández-Piqueras , J. 1997 . Genetic association study between pathological gambling and a functional DNA polymorphism at the D4 receptor gene . Pharmacogenetics , 7 : 345 – 348 .
  • Pike , A. , McGuire , S. , Hetherington , E. M. , Reiss , D. and Plomin , R. 1996 . Family environment and adolescent depressive symptoms and antisocial behavior: A multivariate genetic analysis . Developmental Psychology , 32 : 590 – 603 .
  • Plomin , R. 1995 . Genetics and children's experiences in the family . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 36 : 33 – 68 .
  • Plomin , R. , DeFries , J. C. , McClearn , G. E. and McGuffin , P. 2001 . Behavioral Genetics , 4th ed. , New York : Worth Publishers .
  • Plomin , R. , DeFries , J. C. , McClearn , G. E. and Rutter , M. 1997 . Behavioral Genetics , 3rd ed. , New York : W. H. Freeman .
  • Plomin , R. , Owen , M. J. and McGuffin , P. 1994 . The genetic basis of complex human behaviors . Science , 264 : 1733 – 1739 .
  • Plomin , R. and Rutter , M. 1998 . Child development, molecular genetics, and what to do with genes once they are found . Child Development , 69 : 1223 – 1242 .
  • Pogue-Geile , M. , Ferrell , R. , Deka , R. , Debski , T. and Manuck , S. 1998 . Human novelty seeking personality traits and dopamine D4 receptor polmorphisms: A twin and genetic association study . American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) , 81 : 44 – 48 .
  • Preisig , M. , Bellivier , F. , Fenton , B. T. , Baud , P. , Berney , A. , Courtet , P. , Hardy , Golaz J. , Leboyer , M. , Mallet , J. , Matthey , M. L. , Mouthon , D. , Neidhart , E. , Nosten-Bertrand , M. , Stadelmann-Dubuis , E. , Guimon , J. , Ferrero , F. , Buresi , C. and Malafosse , A. 2000 . Association between bipolar disorder and monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphisms: Results of a multicenter study . American Journal of Psychiatry , 157 : 948 – 955 .
  • Radke-Yarrow , M. , Cummings , E. M. , Kuczynski , L. and Chapman , M. 1985 . Patterns of attachment in two- and three year olds in normal families and families with parental depression . Child Development , 56 : 884 – 893 .
  • Risch , N. and Merikangas , K. R. 1996 . The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases . Science , 273 : 1516 – 1517 .
  • Rosenthal , N. , Mazzanti , C. , Barnett , R. , Hardin , T. , Turner , E. , Lam , G. , Ozaki , N. and Goldman , D. 1998 . Role of serotonin transporter promoter repeat length polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in seasonality and seasonal affective disorder . Molecular Psychiatry , 3 : 175 – 177 .
  • Russo , M. F. and Beidel , D. C. 1994 . Comorbidity of childhood anxiety and externalizing disorders: Prevalence, associated characteristics, and validation issues . Clinical Psychology Review , 14 : 199 – 221 .
  • Sham , P. C. 1997 . Transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) for multi-allele loci . American Journal of Human Genetics , 61 : 774 – 778 .
  • Shaw , G. M. , Wasserman , C. R. , Lammer , E. J. , O'Malley , C. D. , Murray , J. C. , Basart , A. M. and Tolarova , M. M. 1996 . Orofacial Clefts, Parental Cigarette Smoking, and Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha Gene Variants . American Journal of Human Genetics , 58 : 551 – 561 .
  • Smalley , S. L. , Bailey , J. N. , Palmer , C. , Cantwell , D. P. , McGough , J. , Del'Homme , M. , Asarnow , J. , Woodward , J. A. , Ramsey , C. and Nelson , S. 1998 . Evidence that the dopamine d4 receptor is a susceptibility gene in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Molecular Psychiatry , 3 : 427 – 430 .
  • Spector , T. D. , Snieder , H. and MacGregor , A. J. 1999 . Advances in twin and sib-pair analysis , London : Greenwich Medical Media .
  • Stevenson , J. , Batten , N. and Cherner , M. 1992 . Fears and fearfulness in children and adolescents: A genetic analysis of twin data . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 33 : 977 – 985 .
  • Sudbery , P. 1998 . Human molecular genetics , Singapore : Addison Wesley Longman Limited .
  • Swanson , J. M. , Sunohara , G. A. , Kennedy , J. L. , Regino , R. , Fineberg , E. , Wigal , T. , Lerner , M. , Williams , L. , LaHoste , G. and Wigal , S. 1998 . Association of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene with a refined phenotype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A family based approach . Molecular Psychiatry , 3 : 38 – 41 .
  • Tannock , R. 1998 . Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Advances in cognitive, neurobiological, and genetic research . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 39 : 65 – 99 .
  • Thapar , A. and McGuffin , P. 1997 . Anxiety and depressive symptoms in childhood-a genetic study of comorbidity . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 38 : 651 – 656 .
  • Yaffe , K. , Haan , M. , Byers , A. , Tangen , C. and Kuller , L. 2000 . Estrogen use, APOE, and cognitive decline: Evidence of gene-environment interaction . Neurology , 54 : 1949 – 1954 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.