188
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Parental Separation and Adolescents' Felt Insecurity with Mothers: Effects of Financial Hardship, Interparental Conflict, and Maternal Parenting in East and West Germany

, , &
Pages 115-145 | Published online: 22 Sep 2008

REFERENCES

  • Amato , P. R. 1993 . Children's adjustment to divorce: Theories, hypotheses, and empirical support . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 55 : 23 – 38 .
  • Amato , P. R. 1994 . “ The implications of research findings on children in stepfamilies. ” . In Stepfamilies. Who benefits? Who does not? , Edited by: Booth , A. and Dunn , J. 81 – 87 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Amato , P. R. 2000 . The consequences of divorce for adults and children . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 62 : 1269 – 1287 .
  • Amato , P. R. 2001 . Children of divorce in the 1990s: An update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis . Journal of Family Psychology , 15 : 355 – 370 .
  • Amato , P. R. and Booth , A. 1996 . A prospective study of divorce and parent-child relationships . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 58 : 356 – 365 .
  • Amato , P. R. and Keith , B. 1991 . Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin , 110 : 26 – 46 .
  • Arbuckle , J. L. 1996 . “ Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data. ” . In Advanced structural equation modeling: Issues and techniques , Edited by: Marcoulides , G. A. and Schumacker , R. E. 243 – 277 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
  • Arbuckle , J. L. 1997 . AMOS user's guide. Version 3.6 , Chicago, ILL : Small Waters Corporation .
  • Bartholomew , K. 1990 . Avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 7 : 147 – 178 .
  • Behnken , I. , Gunther , C , Kabat vel Job , O. , Kaiser , S. , Karig , U. and Krgiier , H.-H. 1991 . Schluerstudie ′90Study on students ′90 , Weinheim : Juventa .
  • Bios , P. 1962 . On adolescence: A psychoanalytic interpretation , New York : Free Press .
  • Buchanan , C. M. , Maccoby , E. E. and Dornbusch , S. M. 1991 . Caught between parents: Adolescents' experience in divorced homes . Child Development , 62 : 1008 – 1029 .
  • Buhrmester , D. and Furman , W. 1987 . The development of companionship and intimacy . Child Development , 58 : 1101 – 1113 .
  • Burkhauser , R. V. , Duncan , G. J. , Hauser , R. and Berntsen , R. 1991 . Wife or frau, women do worse: A comparison of men and women in the United States and Germany after marital dissolution . Demography , 28 : 353 – 360 .
  • Christensen , A. and Margolin , G . 1988 . “ Conflict and alliance in distressed and non-distressed families. ” . In Relationships within families: Mutual influences , Edited by: Hinde , R. A. and Stevenson-Hinde , J. 263 – 282 . Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Cohen , J. and Cohen , P. 1975 . Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences , New York : Wiley .
  • Coiro , M. J. and Emery , R. E. 1998 . Do marriage problems affect fathering more than mothering? A quantitative and qualitative review . Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review , 1 : 23 – 40 .
  • Conger , R. D. , Elder , G. H. Jr. , Lorenz , F. O. , Conger , K. J. , Simons , R. L. , Whitbeck , L. B. , Huck , S. M. and Melby , J. N. 1990 . Linking economic hardship to marital quality and instability . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 52 : 643 – 656 .
  • Conger , R. D. , Ge , X. , Elder , G H. Jr. , Lorenz , F. O. and Simons , R. L. 1994 . Economic stress, coercive family process, and developmental problems of adolescents . Child Development , 65 : 541 – 561 .
  • Davies , P. T. and Cummings , E. M. 1994 . Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis . Psychological Bulletin , 116 : 387 – 411 .
  • Davies , P. T. , Harold , G. T. , Goeke-Morey , M. C and Cummings , E. M. 2002 . Child emotional security and interparental conflict , Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development Vol. 67 , Boston, MA : Blackwell . Serial No. 270
  • Demo , D. H. and Acock , A. C. 1996 . Family structure, family process, and adolescent well-being . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 6 : 457 – 488 .
  • Duncan , G. J. and Brooks-Gunn , J. , eds. 1997 . Consequences of growing up poor , New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
  • Elder , G H. Jr. 1974 . Children of the great depression , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Elder , G H. Jr. , Conger , R. D. , Foster , E. M. and Ardelt , M. 1992 . Families under economic pressure . Journal of Family Issues , 13 : 5 – 37 .
  • Emery , R. E. 1982 . Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce . Psychological Bulletin , 92 : 310 – 330 .
  • Emery , R. E. , Fincham , F. D. and Cummings , E. M. 1992 . Parenting in context: Systemic thinking about parental conflict and its influence on children . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 60 : 909 – 912 .
  • Erel , O. and Burman , B. 1995 . Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child-relations: A meta-analytic review . Psychological Bulletin , 118 : 108 – 132 .
  • Fauber , R. L. and Long , N. 1991 . Children in context: The role of the family in child psychotherapy . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 59 : 813 – 820 .
  • Feldkircher , M. 1994 . “ Erziehungsziele in West- und Ostdeutschland ” . In Blickpunkt Gesellschaft 3. Einstellungen und Verhalten der Bundesburger , Edited by: Braun , M. and Mohler , P. P. S. 175 – 208 . Opladen : Westdeutscher Verlag . (Hrsg.)
  • Forkel , I. and Silbereisen , R. K. 2001 . Family economic hardship and depressed mood among young adolescents from former East and West Germany . American Behavioral Scientist , 44 : 1955 – 1971 .
  • Fuhrman , T. and Holmbeck , G. N. 1995 . A contextual-moderator analysis of emotional autonomy and adjustment in adolescence . Child Development , 66 : 793 – 811 .
  • Godde , M. and Walper , S. 2001 . Elterliche konflikte aus der sicht von kindern und jugendlichen: Die deutsche kurzfassung der Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC) [Interparental conflict from children's and adolescents' point of view: The German short version of the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC)] . Diagnostica , 47 : 18 – 26 .
  • Grotevant , H. D. and Cooper , C. R. 1986 . Individuation in family relationships: A perspective on individual differences in the development of identity and role-taking skills in adolescence . Human Development , 29 : 82 – 100 .
  • Grych , J. H. and Fincham , F. D. 1993 . Children's appraisals of marital conflict: Initial investigations of the cognitive-contextual framework . Child Development , 64 : 215 – 230 .
  • Grych , J. H. , Seid , M. and Fincham , F. D. 1992 . Assessing marital conflict from the child's perspective: The children's perception of interparental conflict scale . Child Development , 63 : 558 – 572 .
  • Harold , G. T. and Conger , R. D. 1997 . Marital conflict and adolescent distress: The role of adolescent awareness . Child Development , 68 : 333 – 350 .
  • Harold , G T. , Osborne , L. N. and Conger , R. D. 1997 . Mom and Dad are at it again: Adolescent perceptions of marital conflict and adolescent psychological distress . Developmental Psychology , 33 : 333 – 350 .
  • Hetherington , E. M. 1993 . An overview of the Virginia longitudinal study of divorce and remarriage with a focus an early adolescence . Journal of Family Psychology , 7 : 39 – 56 .
  • Hetherington , E. M. , Bridges , M. and Insabella , G. M. 1998 . What matters? What does not? Five perspectives on the association between marital transitions and children's adjustment . American Psychologist , 53 : 167 – 184 .
  • Hetherington , E. M. and Clingempeel , W. G . 1992 . Coping with marital transitions , 57 ( 2--3 ) Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, No. 227
  • Hetherington , E. M. and Jodl , K. M. 1994 . “ Stepfamilies as settings for child development. ” . In Stepfamilies: Who benefits? Who does not? , Edited by: Booth , A. and Dunn , J. 55 – 79 . Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
  • Holmbeck , G. N. and Leake , C. 1999 . Separation-individuation and psychological adjustment in late adolescence . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 28 : 563 – 581 .
  • Jenkins , J. M. and Smith , M. A. 1993 . A prospective study of behavioral disturbance in children who subsequently experience parental divorce: A research note. . Journal of Divorce and Remarriage , 19 ( 1/2 ) : 143 – 160 .
  • Joos , M. 1997 . “ Armutsentwicklung und familiale Armutsrisiken von Kindern in den neuen und alten Bundeslandern ” . In Aufwachsen in Armut. Erfahrungswelten und soziale Lage von Kindern armer Familien , Edited by: Otto , U. S.47 – 78 . Opladen : Leske & Budrich .
  • Joreskog , K. G. and Sorbom , D. 1996 . LISREL 8: User's reference guide, , 2nd ed. , Chicago, IL : Scientific Software International .
  • Kerns , K. A. , Aspelmeier , J. E. , Gentzler , A. L. and Grabill , C. M. 2001 . Parent-child attachment and monitoring in middle childhood. . Journal of Family Psychology , 15 ( 1 ) : 69 – 81 .
  • Kline , R. B. 1998 . Principles and practice of structural equation modeling , New York : Guilford .
  • Laursen , B. , Coy , K. C and Collins , W. A. 1998 . Reconsidering changes in parent-child conflict across adolescence: A meta-analysis . Child Development , 69 : 817 – 832 .
  • Levine , J. B. , Green , C. J. and Millon , T. 1986 . The Separation-individuation Test of Adolescence . Journal of Personality Assessment , 50 : 123 – 137 .
  • Levine , J. B. and Saintonge , S. 1993 . Psychometric properties of the Separation-individuation Test of Adolescence within a clinical population . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 49 : 492 – 507 .
  • Lopez , F. G. 1991 . Patterns of family conflict and their relation to college student adjustment . Journal of Counseling & Development , 69 : 257 – 260 .
  • Maccoby , E. E. , Depner , C. E. and Mnookin , R. H. 1990 . Coparenting in the second year after divorce . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 52 : 141 – 155 .
  • Maier , F. 1993 . The labour market for women and employment perspectives in the aftermath of German unification . Cambridge Journal of Economics , 17 : 267 – 280 .
  • McLanahan , S. and Sandefur , G. 1994 . Growing up with a single parent , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • McLoyd , V. C. 1989 . Socialization and development in a changing economy . American Psychologist , 44 : 293 – 302 .
  • Minuchin , S. 1974 . Families and family therapy , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Montemayor , R. 1983 . Parents and adolescents in conflict: All families some of the time and some families most of the time . Journal of Early Adolescence , 3 : 83 – 103 .
  • Noack , P. and Puschner , B. 1999 . Differential trajectories of parent-child relationships and psychosocial adjustment in adolescents . Journal of Adolescence , 22 : 795 – 804 .
  • Peterson , J. L. and Zill , N. 1986 . Marital disruption, parent-child relationships, and behavior problems in children . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 48 : 295 – 307 .
  • Reis , O. and Meyer-Probst , B. 1999 . “ Scheidung der eltern und entwicklung der kinder: Befunde der Rostocker Langsschnittstudie [Parental divorce and children's development: Findings from the Rostock Longitudinal Study]. ” . In Was wird aus den Kindern? Chancen und Risiken fril die Entwicklung von Kindern aus Trennungs- und Stieffamilien , Edited by: Walper , S. and Schwarz , B. 49 – 72 . Weinheim : Juventa .
  • Schafer , J. L. and Graham , J. W. 2002 . Missing data: Our view of the state of the art . Psychological Methods , 7 : 147 – 177 .
  • Schafer , J. L. and Olsen , M. K. 1998 . Multiple imputations for multivariate missing-data problems: A data analyst's perspective . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 55 : 545 – 571 .
  • Schneider , N. 1994 . Familie und private Lebensfhilrung in West- und Ostdeutschland [Family and private life in West and East Germany] , Stuttgart : Enke .
  • Schwarz , B. , Walper , S. , Goedde , M. and Jurasic , S. 1997 . “ Dokumentation der Erhebungsinstrumente der 1. Haupterhebung (uberarb. Version) ” . In Berichte aus der Arbeitsgruppe “Familienentwicklung nach der Trennung” #14/1997 , Milnchen : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitta Munchen .
  • Sessa , F. M. and Steinberg , L. 1991 . Family structure and the development of autonomy during adolescence . Journal of Early Adolescence , 11 : 38 – 55 .
  • Silbereisen , R. K. , Meschke , L. L. and Schwarz , B. 1996 . “ Leaving the parental home: Predictors for young adults raised in former East and West Germany ” . In Leaving home: Understanding the transition to adulthood , New Directions for Child Development No.71 Edited by: Graber , J. A. and Dubas , J. S. 71 – 86 . San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Simons , R. L. and Johnson , C. 1996 . “ Mothers' parenting. ” . In Understanding differences between divorced and intact families , Edited by: Simons , R. L. 81 – 93 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Simons , R. L. , Johnson , C and Lorenz , F. O. 1996 . “ Family structure differences in stress and behavioral predispositions. ” . In Understanding differences between divorced and intact families , Edited by: Simons , R. L. 45 – 64 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Simons , R. L. , Lorenz , F. O. , Conger , R. D. and Wu , C. I. 1992 . Support from spouse as mediator and moderator of the disruptive influence of economic strain on parenting . Child Development , 63 : 1282 – 1301 .
  • Smetana , J. 1988 . Adolescents' and parents' conceptions of parental authority . Child Development , 59 : 321 – 335 .
  • Smetana , J. G. 1993 . Conceptions of parental authority in divorced and married mothers and their adolescents . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 5 : 19 – 39 .
  • Smetana , J. 1996 . “ Adolescent-parent conflict: implications for adaptive and maladaptive development. ” . In Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology. Volume 7. Adolescence: opportunity and challenges , Edited by: Cichetti , D. and Toth , S. L. 1 – 46 . Rochester, NY : University of Rochester Press .
  • Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland . 1998 . Statistisches jahrbuch fril die Bundesrepublik Deutschland [Statistical yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany] , Stuttgart : Metzler-Poeschel .
  • Statistisches Bundesamt . 2002 . Weitere Zunahme der Scheidungen im Jahr 2001 [Further increase in divorces in the year 2001] Press Release from August 27, 2002. http://www.destatis.de/presse/deutsch/pm2002/p3000023.htm
  • Steinberg , L. 2001 . We know some things: Parent-adolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 11 : 1 – 19 .
  • Ullrich , M. 1999 . Wenn kinder jugendliche werden. Die bedeutung der familienkommunikation im Ubergang zumjugendalter [When children become adolescents. The importance of family communication for the transition into adolescence] , Weinheim : Juventa .
  • Walper , S. 1995 . “ Youth in a changing context: The role of the family in East and West Germany ” . In After the wall: Family adaptation in East and West Germany , New Directions for Child Development (No. 70) Edited by: Youniss , J. 3 – 21 . San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass .
  • Walper , S. 1998 . “ Individuation Jugendlicher in Konflikt-, Trennungs- und Stieffamilien. Theorie, Diagnostik und Befunde ” . In [Adolescents' individuation in conflicted, separated, and step families] , Unpublished thesis for habilitation Munich : University of Munich .
  • Walper , S. 1999 . “ Auswirkungen von Armut auf die Entwicklung von Kindern [Effects of poverty on children's development] ” . In Normalitdt, Abweichung und ihre Ursachen , Materialien fril den 10. Kinder- und Jugendbericht, Band 1 Edited by: Deutsches , Jugendinstitut . S. 291 – 359 . Munchen : DJI Verlag .
  • Walper , S. and Galambos , N. L. 1997 . “ Employed mothers in Germany ” . In Families of employed mothers. An international perspective , Edited by: Frankel , J. 35 – 65 . New York : Garland .
  • Walper , S. and Schwarz , B. 1999 . “ Risiken und Chancen fril die Entwicklung von Kindern aus Trennungs- und Stieffamilien: Eine Einfhurung [Risks and chances for children's development in separated and stepfamilies: an introduction] ” . In Was wird aus den Kindern? Chancen und Risiken fril die Entwicklung von Kindern aus Trennungs- und Stieffamilien , Edited by: Walper , S. and Schwarz , B. S.7 – 22 . Weinheim : Juventa . (Hrsg.)
  • Walper , S. and Schwarz , B. 2001 . Adolescents' individuation in East and West Germany: Effects of family structure, financial hardship, and family processes . American Behavioral Scientist , 44 : 1937 – 1954 .
  • Youniss , J. and Smollar , J. 1985 . Adolescent relations with mothers, fathers, and friends , Chicago : The University of Chicago Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.