The Cost of Caring for Patients with an Illness

References

• Beaton , R. D. and Murphy , S. A. 1995 . “ Working with people in crises: Research implications ” . In Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress in those who treat the traumatized , Edited by: Figley , C. R. New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• Berger , P. L. 1967 . The sacred canopy: Elements of a sociological theory of religion , Garden City, New York : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Brasher , R. 1994 . Changes in practice intensity need to engage families in discharge planning. . Discharge Planning Update Journal , 14 ( 3 ) : 7 – 11 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Comas-Diaz , L. and Padilla , A. 1990 . Countertransference and anxiety. . Psychiatry , 15 : 231 – 243 .
   Google Scholar
• Corcoran , K. 1987 . The association of burnout and social work practitioners' impressions of their clients: Empirical evidence. . Journal of Social Service Research. (Special Issue) , : 57 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Corey , D. F. 1991 . Theory and practice of counseling psychotherapy , Belmont, CA : Brooks Cole .
   Google Scholar
• Courage , M. and William , D. 1986 . An approach to the study of burnout in professional care providers in human service organizations. . Journal of Social Service Research , 10 ( 1 ) : 7 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Dane , B. 1999 . Child welfare workers: An innovative approach for interacting with secondary trauma. . Journal of Social Work Education , 36 ( 1 ) : 27 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dane , B. and Miller , S. 1992 . AIDS: Intervening with hidden grievers , Westport, CT : Auburn Press .
   Google Scholar
• Danieli , Y. 1994 . “ Countertransference, trauma and training ” . In Countertransference in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder , Edited by: Wilson , J. and Lindy , J. 368 – 388 . New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Dutton , M. A. 1992 . Empowering and healing the battered women: A model of assessment & intervention , New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Epstein , L. 1989 . The therapeutic function of hate in the countertransference. . Contemporary Psychoanalysis , 13 : 442 – 461 .
   Google Scholar
• Farber , B. and Heifez , L. 1982 . The process and dimensions of burnout in psychotherapists. . Professional Psychology , 13 ( 2 ) : 293 – 300 .
   Google Scholar
• Figley , C. R. , ed. 1995 . Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary trauma stress disorder in those who treat the traumatized , New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• Figley , C. R. 1993 . Compassion stress and the family therapist . Family Therapy News. , February : 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Flannery , R. B. 1990 . Social support and psychological trauma: A methodological review. . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 3 ( 4 ) : 593 – 611 .
   Google Scholar
• Freudenberger , H. 1974 . Staff burnout. . Journal of Social Issues , 30 ( 1 ) : 159 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamble , S. , Pearlman , L. A. , Lucca , A. M. and Allen , G. J. 1994 . Vicarious traumatization and burnout among Connecticut psychologists: Empirical findings . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Connecticut Psychological Association . October 1994 , Waterbury, CT.
   Google Scholar
• Glaser , B. G. and Strauss , A. L. 1967 . Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research , Hawthorne, NY : Aldine .
   Google Scholar
• Gold , J. H. and Nemiah , J. C. , eds. 1993 . Beyond transference: When the therapist's real life Intrudes , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press .
   Google Scholar
• Green , B. L. , Lindy , J. D. , Grace , M. C. and Leonard , A. C. 1992 . Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and diagnostic comorbidity in a disaster sample. . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 180 : 70 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Groshe , W. and Olsen , D. 1994 . When helping starts to hurt: A new look at burnout among psychotherapists , New York : W. W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Herman , J. L. 1992 . Trauma and recovery , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Hollingsworth , M. A. 1993 . Responses of female therapists to treating adult female survivors of incest. (Doctoral dissertation, Western Michigan University, 1993) . Dissertation Abstracts International , 54 : 3342
   Google Scholar
• Janoff-Bulman , R. 1992 . Shattered assumptions , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Joseph , S. , Yule , W. and Williams , R. 1995 . Emotional processing in survivors of the Jupiter cruise ship disasters. . Behavioral Research and Therapy , 33 : 187 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kafry , O. 1981 . “ The Research ” . In Burnout: From tedium to personal growth. (pp. 202–222). New York: Free Press Edited by: Pines , A. M. and Aronson , E.
   Google Scholar
• Kassam-Adams , N. 1995 . “ The risks of treating sexual trauma: Stress & secondary trauma in psychotherapists ” . In Secondary Traumatic Stress, self care issues for clinicians, researchers and educators , Edited by: Stamm , B. H. Lutherville, MD : Sidran Press .
   Google Scholar
• Krueger , R. A. 1988 . Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , D. G. 1993 . Self concealment: Implications for stress and empathy in oncology care. . Journal of Psychosocial Oncology , 11 ( 4 ) : 1 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. and Folkman , S. 1984 . Stress, appraisal, and coping , New York : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Lincoln , Y. and Guba , E. 1985 . Naturalistic inquiry , Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Lydecker , T. H. 1986 . Focus groups dynamics. . Association Management , 3 : 73 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Lyons , E. 1991 . Hospital staff reactions to accounts by supervisors of childhood abuse. . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 63 ( 3 ) : 410 – 417 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney , M. J. and Lyddon , W. J. 1988 . Recent developments in cognitive approaches to counseling and psychotherapy. . Counseling Psychologist , 16 ( 2 ) : 190 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslach , C. 1982 . Burnout: The cost of caring , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Maslach , C. and Jackson , S. E. 1981 . Maslach burnout inventory , Palo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
   Google Scholar
• McCann , I. and Pearlman , L. 1990a . Psychological trauma in the adult survivor: Theory, therapy, and transformation , New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• McCann , I. and Pearlman , L. 1990b . Vicarious traumatization: A framework for understanding the psychological effects of working with victims. . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 3 : 131 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , D. L. 1988 . Focus groups as qualitative research , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Mostyn , B. 1985 . “ The content analysis of qualitative research data: A dynamic approach ” . In The research interview: Uses and approaches , Edited by: Bressner , I. M. , Brown , J. and Cantor , D. 115 – 145 . Orlando, FL : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Newman , D. and Gamble , S. 1995 . Issues in professional development of psychotherapists. Countertransference and vicarious traumatization in the new therapist. . Psychotherapy , 22 ( 2 ) : 341 – 347 .
   Google Scholar
• Oktay , J. S. 1992 . Burnout in hospital social workers who work with AIDS patients. . Social Work , 37 ( 5 ) : 432 – 439 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlman , L. and MacIan , P. 1995 . Vicarious traumatization: An empirical study of the effects of trauma work on trauma therapists. . Professional Psychology Research & Practice , 26 ( 6 ) : 558 – 565 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlman , L. and Saakvitne , K. 1995a . Trauma and the therapist: Countertransference and vicarious traumatization in psychotherapy with incest survivors , New York : W. W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Pearlman , L. and Saakvitne , K. 1995b . “ Constructivist self-development approach to treating secondary traumatic stress ” . In Compassion fatigue: Secondary traumatic stress disorder among those who treat the traumatized , Edited by: Figley , C. R. New York : Bruner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• Piaget , J. 1971 . Play, dreams, and imitation in childhood , New York : W. W. Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Pines , A. 1981 . Burnout: From tedium to personal growth , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rawnsley , M. 1990 . “ Professional caregivers as survivors: An unsanctioned grief ” . In Unrecognized and unsanctioned grief , Edited by: Pine , V. , Margolis , O. and Doka , K. 143 – 151 . Springfield : Charles Thomas Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Saakvitne , K. W. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy with incest survivors: When the therapist was abused . Paper presented at the 99th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association . San Francisco, CA
   Google Scholar
• Schauben , L. J. and Frazier , P. A. 1995 . Vicarious trauma: The effects on female counselors of working with sexual violence survivors. . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 19 ( 1 ) : 49 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulman , L. 1993 . Interactional supervision , Washington, DC : NASW Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shannon , C. and Saleebey , D. 1980 . Training child welfare workers to cope with burnout. . Child Welfare , 59 ( 8 ) : 463 – 468 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sormanti , M. 1994 . Fieldwork instruction in oncology social work: Supervisory issues. . Journal of Psychosocial Oncology , 12 ( 3 ) : 73 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiegel , D. 1994 . Living beyond limits , New York : Fawcett Columbine .
   Google Scholar
• Stamm , B. H. , ed. 1995 . Secondary traumatic stress. Self care issues for clinicians, researchers, and educators , Maryland : Sidran Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stuen , C. and Monk , A. 1990 . Discharge planning: Impact of Medicare's prospective payment on elderly patients. . Journal of Gerontological Social Work , 15 : 149 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talbot , A. , Maton , M. and Dunn , P. J. 1992 . Debriefing the debriefers: An intervention strategy to assist psychologists after a crisis . Journal of Traumatic Stress. , : 45 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• van der Kolk , B. A. 1988 . The trauma spectrum: The interaction of biological and social events in the genesis of the trauma response. . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 1 ( 3 ) : 273 – 290 .
   Google Scholar
• Wickizer , T. M. , Lesser , D. and Travis , K. M. 1996 . Controlling inpatient psychiatric utilization through managed care. . American Journal of Psychiatry , 153 : 339 – 345 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilson , J. and Lindy , J. 1994 . “ Empathic strain and therapist defense: Type I and II CTR's ” . In Countertransference in the treatment of post traumatic stress , Edited by: Wilson , J. and Lindy , J. 31 – 61 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Woodside , J. R. , Bodne , R. , Tonnesen , A. S. and Frazier , J. 1991 . Intensive focused utilization management in a teaching hospital: An exploratory study. . Quality Assurance Utilization Review , 6 : 47 – 50 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yassen , J. 1995 . “ Preventing secondary traumatic stress disorder ” . In Compassion fatigue: Secondary traumatic stress disorder among those who treat the traumatized , Edited by: Figley , C. R. New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar