Adolescent Nicotine Dependence Measured by the Modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire at Two Time Points

REFERENCES

• Allen , S. and Hubbard , R. 1984 . Regression equations for the latent roots of random data correlation matrices with unities in the diagonal. . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 21 : 393 – 398 .
   Google Scholar
• Bartecchi , C. , Mackenzie , T. and Schrier , R. 1994 . The human costs of tobacco use (Part 1). . The New England Journal of Medicine , 330 : 907 – 912 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattell , R. 1966 . The scree test for the number of factors. . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 1 : 245 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC. 1993 . Cigarette smoking among adults: United States, 1991. . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report , 42 ( 12 ) : 230 – 233 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fagerström , K. 1978 . Measuring degree of physical dependence to tobacco smoking with reference to individualization of treatment. . Addictive Behaviors , 3 : 235 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagerström , K. 1991 . “ How to measure nicotine dependence. ” . In Smoking as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor: New Strategies for Smoking Cessation , Edited by: Wilhelmsen , L. 25 – 34 . Lewiston, NY : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. . (pp. –
   Google Scholar
• Fagerström , K. and Schneider , N. 1989 . Measuring nicotine dependence: A review of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 12 : 159 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilpin , E. , Lee , L. , Evans , N. and Pierce , J. 1994 . Smoking initiation rates in adults and minors: United States, 1984–1988. . American Journal of Epidemiology , 140 ( 6 ) : 535 – 543 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henningfield , J. submitted, 1996 . Treatment of nicotine addicted youth -Issues and challenges
   Google Scholar
• Henningfield , J. , Clayton , R. and Pollin , W. 1990 . Involvement of tobacco in alcoholism and illicit drug use. . British Journal of Addiction , 85 ( 2279-2292 )
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnston , L , O'Malley , P. and Bachman , J . 1995 . National survey results on drug use from the Monitoring the Future Study 1975–1994. National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA), Publication No. 95-4026
   Google Scholar
• Kessler , D.A. 1995 . Nicotine addiction in young people. . New England Journal of Medicine , 333 ( 3 ) : 186 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNeill , A. , Jarvis , M. and West , R. 1987 . Subjective effects of cigarette smoking in children. . Psychopharmacology , 92 ( 1 ) : 115 – 117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNeill , A. , West , R. , Jarvis , M. , Jackson , P. and Bryant , A. 1986 . Cigarette withdrawal symptoms in adolescent smokers. . Psychopharmacology , 90 ( 4 ) : 533 – 536 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally , J. and Bernstein , I. 1994 . Psychometric Theory. , New York, NY : Mac-Graw-Hill Publishers, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Pomerleau , C. , Cartou , S. , Lutzke , M. , Flessland , K. and Pomerleau , O. 1994 . Reliability of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. . Addictive Behaviors , 19 ( 1 ) : 33 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomerleau , O. , Collins , A. , Shiffman , S. and Pomerleau , C. 1993 . Why some people smoke and others do not: New Perspectives. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 61 ( 5 ) : 723 – 731 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prokhorov , A. , Pallonen , U. , Fava , J. , Ding , L. and Niaura , R. 1996 . Measuring nicotine dependence among high-risk adolescent smokers. . Journal of Addictive Behaviors , 21 ( 1 ) : 117 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton , W. 1995 . DSM-III-R tobacco dependence and quitting during late adolescence. . Addictive Behaviors , 20 ( 5 ) : 595 – 603 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USDHHS. 1988 . The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction, A Report of The Surgeon General. , Rockville, MD : United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 88-8406. .
   Google Scholar
• USDHHS. 1991 . Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People: A Report of The Surgeon General. , Atlanta, GA : The United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease and Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. .
   Google Scholar
• USDHHS. 1994 . Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People: A Report of The Surgeon General. , Atlanta, GA : United States Department of Health and Human Service, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. .
   Google Scholar