Risk Factors for Cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use Among Runaway Youth Utilizing Two Services Sectors

REFERENCES

• Bachman , J. G. , Wallace , J. M. , O'Malley , P. M. , Johnston , L. D. , Kurth , C. L. and Neighbors , H. W. 1991 . Racial/ethnic differences in smoking, drinking, and illicit drug use among American high school seniors, 1976–1989. . American Journal of Public Health , 81 : 372 – 377 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , E. , Mackenzie , R. G. and Yates , G. L. 1991 . HEADSS, a psychosocial risk assessment instrument. Implications for designing effective intervention programs for runaway youth. . Journal of Adolescent Health , 12 : 539 – 544 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dembo , R. , Williams , L. , Fagan , J. and Schmeidler , J. 1993 . Development and assessment of a classification of high risk youths. . Journal of Drug Issues , 24 ( 1 ) : 25 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ensign , J. and Santelli , J. 1998 . Health status and service use: Comparison of adolescents at a school-based health clinic with homeless adolescents. . Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine , 152 : 20 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein , J. A. , Botvin , G. J. , Diaz , T. and Schinke , S. P. 1995 . The role of social factors and individual characteristics in promoting alcohol use among inner-city minority youths. . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 56 : 39 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrow , J. A. , Deisher , R. W. , Brown , R. , Kulig , J. W. and Kipke , M. D. 1992 . Health and health needs of homeless and runaway youth: A position paper of the society for adolescent medicine. . Journal of Adolescent Health , 13 : 717 – 726 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul , F. and Erdfelder , E. 1992 . Gpower: A priori, post-hoc, and compromise power analyses for MS-DOS Bonn, FRG : Bonn University, Dept. of Psychology. .
   Google Scholar
• Feiglman , W. and Lee , J. A. 1995 . Patterns of cigarette use among Black and White adolescents. . American Journal on Addiction , 4 ( 3 ) : 215 – 225 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forst , M. L. and Crim , D. 1994 . A substance abuse profile of delinquent and homeless youths. . Journal of Drug Education , 24 : 219 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golub , A. , Labouvie , E. and Johnson , B. D. 2000 . Response reliability and the study of adolescent substance use progression. . Journal of Drug Issues , 30 ( 1 ) : 103 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenblatt , M. and Robertson , M. J. 1993 . Life-styles, adaptive strategies, and sexual behaviors of homeless adolescents. . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 44 : 1177 – 1180 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greene , J. M. , Ennett , S. T. and Ringwalt , C. L. 1997 . Substance use among runaway and homeless youth in three national samples. . American Journal of Public Health , 87 : 229 – 235 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene , J. M. , Ringwalt , C. L. and Iachan , R. 1997 . Shelters for runaway and homeless youths: Capacity and occupancy. . Child Welfare , 74 : 549 – 561 .
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins , J. D. , Catalano , R. F. and Miller , J. Y. 1992 . Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. . Psychological Bulletin , 112 : 64 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heflin , L. J. and Rudy , K. 1991 . Homeless and in need for special education. Reston, VA : Council for Exceptional Children. .
   Google Scholar
• Huizinga , D. , Loeber , R. and Thornberry , T. P. 1994 . Urban delinquency and substance abuse: Initial Findings Office of Juvenile Justice Programs Research Summary Washington, DC : US Government Printing Office. .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , L. D. , O'Malley , P. M. and Bachman , J. G. 1998 . National Survey Results on Drug Use from Monitoring the Future Study, 1975–1997 Secondary School Students Vol. 1 , Rockville, MD : National Institute on Drug Abuse .
   Google Scholar
• Kandel , D. B. , Yamaguchi , K. and Chen , K. 1992 . Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: Further evidence for the gateway theory. . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 53 ( 5 ) : 447 – 457 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipke , M. D. , Montgomery , S. , Simon , T. R. and Iverson , E. F. 1997 . Substance abuse disorders among runaway and homeless youth. . Substance Use and Misuse , 32 : 969 – 986 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipke , M. D. , Palmer , R. F. , LaFrance , S. and O'Connor , S. 1997 . Homeless youths' descriptions of their parents' child-rearing practices. . Youth and Society , 28 : 415 – 431 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipke , M. D. , Unger , J. B. , Palmer , R. F. and Edgington , R. 1996 . Drug use, needle sharing and HIV risk among injection drug-using street youth. . Substance Use and Misuse , 3 : 1167 – 1187 .
   Google Scholar
• McMorris , B. J. , Tyler , K. A. , Whitbeck , L. B. and Hoyt , D. R. 2002 . Familial and “on-the-street” risk factors associated with alcohol use among homeless and runaway adolescents. . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 63 : 34 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Clearinghouse on Families and Youth. 1995 . Youth with runaway, throwaway, and homeless experiences: Prevalence, drug use and other at-risk behaviors. , Family and Youth Services Bureau Publication No. ED-398–522 Washington, D.C. : Author .
   Google Scholar
• National Institutes of Health. 2002 . Report shows recent progress in decreasing youth tobacco use, but much work remains. Available: http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/apr2002/nci-02.htm
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. 1993 . Losing generations: Adolescents in high risk settings. Washington, DC : National Academy Press. .
   Google Scholar
• NHSDA . 1995 . National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: Population Estimates, 1994 , DHHS Publication No. SMA 95–3063 Rockville, MD : Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration .
   Google Scholar
• Parker , V. C. , Sussman , S. , Crippens , D. L. Scholl , D. 1996 . Qualitative development of smoking prevention programming for minority youth. . Addictive Behaviors , 21 ( 4 ) : 521 – 525 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelton , J. and Forehand , R. 2001 . Discrepancy between mother and child perceptions of their relationship: Consequences for adolescents considered within the context of parental divorce. . Journal of Family Violence , 16 ( 1 ) : 1 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennbridge , J. , Freese , T. and Mackenzie , R. 1992 . High risk behaviors among male street youth in Hollywood, California. . AIDS Education and Prevention (Supplement) , : 24 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Pires , S. D. and Silber , J. T. 1996 . “ Services for runaway and homeless youth. ” . In Children's mental health: Creating systems of care in a changing society. Edited by: Stroul , B. A. 513 – 533 . Baltimore, MD : Brookes Publishing. .
   Google Scholar
• Ringwalt , C. L. , Greene , J. M. and Robertson , M. J. 1998 . Family backgrounds and risk behaviors of youth with throwaway experiences. . Journal of Adolescence , 21 : 241 – 252 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson , J. J. , Doegel , P. and Ferguson , L. 1989 . Alcohol use and abuse among homeless adolescents in Hollywood. . Contemporary Drug Problems , 16 : 415 – 453 .
   Google Scholar
• Rotheram-Borus , M. J. , Mahler , K. A. , Koopman , C. and Langabeer , K. 1996 . Sexual abuse history and associated multiple risk behavior in adolescent runaways. . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 66 ( 3 ) : 390 – 400 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman , D. J. 1992 . The neglected health care needs of street youth. . Public Health Reports , 197 : 433 – 440 .
   Google Scholar
• Smyth , N. J. and Saulnier , C. F. 1996 . Substance abuse prevention among high-risk youth. . Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community , 14 : 61 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Tavitian , M. , Lubiner , J. L. , Green , L. , Grebstein , L. C. and Velicer , W. F. 1987 . Dimensions of family functioning. . Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , 2 : 191 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , S. J. , Pollio , D. E. , Constantine , J. , Reid , D. and Nebbitt , V. 2002 . Short-term outcomes for youths receiving runaway homeless shelter services. . Research on Social Work Practice , 12 ( 5 ) : 589 – 603 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornberry , T. P. , Tolnay , S. E. , Flanagan , T. J. and Glynn , P. 1991 . Children Custody 1987: A comparison of public and private juvenile custody facilities. Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. .
   Google Scholar
• Whitbeck , L. B. and Hoyt , D. R. 1997 . Summary Report: Findings from the Midwest homeless and runaway adolescent project. Available: http://www.soc.iastate.edu/mhrap/intro.html
   Google Scholar
• Whitbeck , L. B. , Hoyt , D. R. and Ackley , K. A. 1997 . Abusive family backgrounds and later victimization among runaway and homeless adolescents. . Journal of Research on Adolescence , 7 : 375 – 392 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitbeck , L. B. , Hoyt , D. R. and Bao , W-N. 2000 . Depressive symptoms and co-occurring depressive symptoms, substance abuse, and conduct problems among runaway and homeless adolescents. . Child Development , 71 ( 3 ) : 721 – 732 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinberg , N. Z. , Rahdert , E. , Colliver , J. D. and Meyer , D. G. 1998 . Adolescent substance abuse: A review of the past 10 years. . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 37 ( 3 ) : 252 – 262 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters , K. C. 1999 . Treatment of adolescents with substance use disorders , DHHS publication number (SMA 99 – 3283 . Rockville, MD : Center for Substance Abuse Treatment .
   Google Scholar
• Yates , G. L. , MacKenzie , R. and Pennbridge , J. 1988 . A risk profile of runaway and non-runaway youth. . American Journal of Public Health , 78 : 820 – 821 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar