The Role of Appraisal and Expressive Support in Mediating Strain and Gain in Hispanic Alzheimer's Disease Caregivers

References

• Alinger , R. L. and Causey , M. R. 1993 . Home health service utilization by Hispanic elderly immigrants: A longitudinal Study . Home Health Care Services Quarterly , 14 ( 1/2 ) : 85 – 95 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alzheimer's Association . 2000 . Fact Sheet , Chicago : The Alzheimer's Association .
   Google Scholar
• Aneshensel , C. S. , Pearlin , L. I. and Schuler , R. H. 1993 . Stress, role captivity, and the cessation of caregiving . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 34 ( 3 ) : 54 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aranda , M. P. and Knight , B. G. 1997 . The influence of ethnicity and culture on the caregiver stress and coping process: A sociocultural review and analysis . The Ger-ontologist , 17 ( 3 ) : 342 – 354 .
   Google Scholar
• Baron , R. M. and Kenny , D. A. 1986 . The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 ( 6 ) : 1173 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourgeois , M. S. , Schulz , R. and Burgio , L. 1996 . Interventions for caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease: A review and analysis of content, process, and outcomes . International Journal on Aging and Human Development , 43 ( 1 ) : 35 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnette , D. and Mui , A. C. 1995 . In-home and community-based service utilization by three groups of elderly Hispanics: A national perspective . Social Work Research , 19 ( 4 ) : 197 – 206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotrell , V. 1996 . Respite use by dementia caregivers: Preferences and reasons for initial use . Journal of Gerontological Social Work , 26 ( 3/4 ) : 35 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , C. and Monk , A. 1990 . Minority caregivers of dementia victims: A comparison of Black and Hispanic families . The Journal of Applied Gerontology , 9 : 340 – 354 .
   Google Scholar
• Cummings , S. M. 1996 . Spousal caregivers of early stage Alzheimer's patients: A psychoeducational support group model . Journal of Gerontological Social Work , 26 ( 3/4 ) : 83 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damron-Rodriguez , J. , Wallace , S. and Kington , R. 1994 . Service utilization and minority elderly: Appropriateness, accessibility, and acceptability . Gerontology & Geriatrics Education , 15 ( 1 ) : 45 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Deickman , L. , Zarit , S. H. , Zarit , J. M. and Gantz , M. 1988 . The Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test . The Gerontologist , 28 ( 3 ) : 402 – 407 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado , M. and Tennstedt , S. 1997 . Making the case for culturally appropriate community services: Puerto Rican elders and their caregivers . Health and Social Work , 22 ( 4 ) : 246 – 253 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabrega , H. 1990 . Hispanic mental health research: A case for cultural psychiatry . Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences , 12 ( 4 ) : 339 – 365 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flint , A. J. 1995 . Effects of respite care on patients with dementia and their care-givers . International Psychogeriatrics , 7 ( 4 ) : 505 – 517 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greene , V. L. and Monahan , D. J. 1989 . The effect of a support and education program on stress and burden among family caregivers to frail elderly persons . The Geron-tologist , 29 ( 4 ) : 472 – 477 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene , V. L. and Monahan , D. J. 1987 . The effect of professionally guided caregiver and education groups on institutionalized of care receivers . The Gerontologist , 27 : 716 – 721 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haley , W. E. , Roth , D. L. , Coleton , M. I. , Ford , G. R. , West , C. A. , Collins , R. P. and Isobe , T. L. 1996 . Appraisal, coping, and social support as mediators of well-being in Black and White family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 64 : 121 – 129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haley , W. E. , Brown , L. and Levine , E. G. 1987 . Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of group intervention for dementia caregivers . The Gerontologist , 27 ( 3 ) : 376 – 382 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harwood , D. G. , Owenby , R. L. and Aguero , H. 1999 . Predictors of positive and negative appraisal among Cuban American caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients
   Google Scholar
• Harwood , D. G. , Baker , W. W. , Cantillon , M. , Lowenstein , D. A. , Owenby , R. and Duara , R. 1998 . Depressive symptomology in first degree family caregivers of Alzheimer's Disease patients: A cross-ethnic comparison . Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Disorders , 12 : 340 – 346 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinrichsen , G. A. and Ramirez , M. 1992 . Black and white dementia caregivers: A comparison of their adaptation, adjustment and service utilization; . The Gerontolo-gist , 32 ( 3 ) : 375 – 381 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmbeck , G. N. 1997 . Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures . Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology , 65 ( 4 ) : 399 – 410 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husaini , B. A. , Moore , S. T. and Cain , V. A. 1994 . Psychiatric symptoms and help seeking behavior among the elderly: An analysis of racial and gender differences . Journal of Gerontological Social Work , 21 ( 3/4 ) : 177 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Janevic , M. R. and Connell , C. M. 2001 . Racial ethnic, and cultural differences in the dementia caregiving experience . The Gerontologist , 41 : 334 – 347 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight , B. G. , Lutzky , S. M. and Macofsky-Urban , F. 1993 . A meta-analytic review of interventions for caregiver distress: Recommendations for future research . The Gerontologist , 11 ( 2 ) : 240 – 248 .
   Google Scholar
• Larkin , J. P. and Hopcroft , B. M. 1993 . In-hospital respite as a moderator of caregiver stress . Health and Social Work , 18 ( 2 ) : 132 – 138 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lazarus , R. S. and Folkman , S. 1984 . Stress, Appraisal, and Coping , New York : Springer Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• McCallion , P. and Toseland , R. W. 1995 . Supportive interventions with caregivers of frail older adults
   Google Scholar
• Miller , B. , Campbell , R. T. , Davis , L. and Furner , S. 1996 . Minority use of community long-term care services: A comparative analysis . Journal of Gerontology , 20 ( 2 ) : S70 – S81 .
   Google Scholar
• Mintzer , J. E. , Rupert , M. P. , Lowenstein , D. , Gamez , E. , Millor , A. , Quinteros , R. , Flores , L. , Miller , M. , Rainerman , A. and Eisdorfer , C. 1992 . Daughters caregiving for Hispanic and non-Hispanic Alzheimer's patients: Does ethnicity make a difference? . Community Mental Health Journal , 28 : 293 – 303 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittelman , M. S. , Ferris , S. H. , Shulman , E. and Steinberg , G. 1995 . A comprehensive support program: Effect of depression in spouse-caregivers of AD patients . The Gerontologist , 35 ( 6 ) : 792 – 802 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monahan , D. J. , Green , V. L. and Coleman , P. D. 1992 . Caregiver support groups: Factors affecting use of services . Social Work , 37 ( 3 ) : 254 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morano , C. in press . A psychoeducational group model for Hispanic Alzheimer's disease caregivers . The Gerontologist ,
   Google Scholar
• Pearlin , L. I. , Mullan , J. T. , Semple , S. J. and Skaff , M. M. 1990 . Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures . The Gerontologist , 30 ( 5 ) : 583 – 594 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff , C. D. and Keyes , C. L. M. 1995 . The structure of psychological well-being revisited . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69 ( 4 ) : 719 – 727 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starrett , R. J. , Decker , J. T. , Araujo , A. and Walters , G. 1989 . The Cuban elderly and their service use . The Journal of Applied Gerontology , 8 ( 1 ) : 69 – 85 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torres-Rivera , E. 1999 . Group work with Latino clients: A psychoeducational model . Journal of Specialists in Group Work , 24 ( 4 ) : 383 – 396 .
   Google Scholar
• Toseland , R. W. , Rossiter , D. M. and Labrecque , M. S. 1989 . The effectiveness of two kinds of support groups for caregivers . Social Service Review , : 415 – 431 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Bureau of the Census . 2000 . National Projections
   Google Scholar
• Valle , R. 1994 . “ Culture-fair behavioral symptoms differential assessment and intervention in dementing illness ” . In Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders , Vol. 8 , 21 – 45 . New York, NY : Raven Press, Ltd. . (Supplement 3)
   Google Scholar
• Walker , C. J. , Zarit , S. P. , Goodwin , O. E. and von Eye , A. 1995 . Influence of the success of psychoeducational interventions on the course of family care . Clinical Ger-ontologist , 16 ( 1 ) : 17 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , S. P. , Campbell , K. and Lew-Ting , C. Y. 1994 . Structural barriers to the use of formal in-home services by elderly Latinos . Journal of Gerontology , 49 ( 5 ) : S253 – S263 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zea , M. C. , Quezada , T. and Belgrave , F. Z. 1994 . Latino cultural values: Their role in adjustment to disability . Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , 9 ( 5 ) : 185 – 200 .
   Google Scholar