Attributions, World Assumptions, and Recovery from Sexual Assault

REFERENCES

• Atkeson , B. M. , Calhoun , K. S. , Reside , RA. and Ellis , E. M. 1982 . Victims of rape: Repeated assessment of depressive symptoms. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 50 : 96 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum , A. , Fleming , R. and Singer , J. E. 1983 . Coping with victimization by technological disaster. . Journal of Social Issues , 39 : 119 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Browne , A. and Finkelhor , D. 1986 . Impact of child sexual abuse: A review of research. . Psychological Bulletin , 99 : 66 – 77 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catlin , G. and Epstein , S. 1992 . Unforgettable experiences: The relation of life events to basic beliefs about self and world. . Social Cognition , 10 : 189 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downs , W. R. 1993 . Developmental considerations for the effects of childhood sexual abuse. . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 8 : 331 – 345 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draucker , C. B. 1989 . Cognitive adaptation of female incest survivors. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 57 : 668 – 670 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazier , P. 1991 . Self-blame as a mediator of postrape depressive symptoms. . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 10 : 47 – 57 .
   Google Scholar
• Frazier , P. 1990 . Victim attributions and post-rape trauma. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59 : 298 – 304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frazier , P. A. , Klein , C. and Seales , L. 1995 . A longitudinal study of causal attributions, perceived control, coping strategies, and post-rape symptoms. Unpublished manuscript submitted for publication. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, N565 Elliott Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455
   Google Scholar
• Frazier , P. and Schauben , L. 1994 . Causal attributions and recovery from rape and other stressful life events. . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 13 : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold , E. R. 1986 . Long-term effects of sexual victimization in childhood: An attributional approach. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 54 : 471 – 475 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golding , J. M. 1994 . Sexual assault history and physical health in randomly selected Los Angeles women. . Health Psychology , 13 : 130 – 138 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , J. and Zautra , A. 1989 . Self-blame attributions and unique vulnerability as predictors of postrape demoralization. . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 8 : 368 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoagwood , K. 1990 . Blame and adjustment among women sexually abused as children. . Women & Therapy , 9 : 89 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Horowitz , M. J. 1986 . Stress response syndromes, , 2nd Ed. Northvale, NJ : Jason Aronson. .
   Google Scholar
• Janoff-Bulman , R. 1989 . Assumptive worlds and the stress of traumatic events: Applications of the schema construct. . Social Cognition , 7 : 113 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janoff-Bulman , R. 1979 . Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: Inquiries into depression and rape. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 37 : 1798 – 1809 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilpatrick , D. G. , Edmunds , C. N. and Seymour , A. K. 1992 . Rape in America: A report to the nation. Arlington, VA : National Victim Center. .
   Google Scholar
• Koss , M. P. 1993 . Detecting the scope of rape: A review of prevalence research methods. . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 8 : 198 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus , N. E. 1992 . “ Perceptions of blame in child sexual abuse and rape cases: Impact of victims age, victim resistance, and attributions about the perpetrator. ” . In Doctoral Dissertation, DePaul University
   Google Scholar
• McCann , I. L. and Pearlman , L. A. 1990 . Psychological trauma and the adult survivor: Theory, therapy and transformation. New York : Brunner/Mazel. .
   Google Scholar
• McIntosh , D. N. , Silver , R. C. and Wortman , C. B. 1993 . Religion's role in adjustment to a negative life event: Coping with the loss of a child. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 65 : 812 – 821 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , C. and Taylor , S. E. 1986 . Adjustment to rape. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 50 : 1226 – 1234 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , S. M. , Kilpatrick , D. G. , Amick-McMullan , A. , Veronen , L. J. , Paduhovich , J. , Best , C. L. , Villeponteaux , L. A. and Saunders , B. E. 1988 . Current psychological functioning of child sexual assault survivors. . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 3 : 55 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. W. and Trickett , P. K. 1993 . Child sexual abuse: A model of chronic trauma. . Psychiatry , 56 : 82 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resick , P. A. 1993 . Psychological impact of rape. . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 8 : 223 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartzberg , S. S. and Janoff-Bulman , R. 1991 . Grief and the search for meaning: Exploring the assumptive worlds of bereaved college students. . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 10 : 270 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , J. M. , Golding , J. M. , Stein , J. A. , Burnam , M. A. and Sorenson , S. B. 1990 . Reactions to sexual assault: A community study. . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 5 : 229 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Silver , R. L. , Boon , C. and Stones , M. L. 1983 . Searching for meaning in misfortune: Making sense of incest. . Journal of Social Issues , 39 : 81 – 101 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorenson , S. B. , Stein , J. A. , Siegel , J. M. and Burnam , M. A. 1987 . Prevalence of adult sexual assault: The Los Angeles Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. . American Journal of Epidemiology , 126 : 1154 – 1164 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , S. E. 1983 . Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation. . American Psychologist , 38 : 1161 – 1173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tennen , H. and Affleck , G. 1990 . Blaming others for threatening events. . Psychological Bulletin , 108 : 209 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , S. C. 1991 . The search for meaning following a stroke. . Basic and Applied Social Psychology , 12 : 81 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timko , C. and Janoff-Bulman , R. 1985 . Attributions, vulnerability, and psychological adjustment: The case of breast cancer. . Health Psychology , 4 : 521 – 544 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman , S. E. (in press). Correlates and consequences of adult sexual assault disclosure. . Journal of Interpersonal Violence. ,
   Google Scholar
• Ullman , S. E. 1996 . Social reactions, coping strategies, and self-blame attributions in adjustment to sexual assault. . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 20 : 505 – 526 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman , S. E. and Siegel , J. M. 1993 . Victim-offender relationship and sexual assault. . Violence and Victims , 8 : 121 – 134 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wyatt , G. E. and Newcomb , M. 1990 . Internal and external mediators of women's sexual abuse in childhood. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 58 : 758 – 767 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyatt , G. E. , Notgrass , C. M. and Newcomb , M. 1990 . Internal and external mediators of women's rape experiences. . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 14 : 153 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar