Use of Home and Community-Based Services by Elderly Black and White Females

REFERENCES

• Administration on Aging . 1997 . A profile of older Americans: , 1997 October [Online]. Available: http://pr.aoa.dhhs.gov/aoa/stats/profile
   Google Scholar
• Administration on Aging . March 1998 . Older women: A diverse and growing population March , [On-line]. Available: http://www.aoa.dhhs.gov/factsheets/ow.html
   Google Scholar
• Altman , B. and Walden , D. 1993 . Homehealth care: Use, expenditures, and sources of payment (AHCPR Publication No. 93–0040). Rockville, MD : Agency for Care Policy and Research .
   Google Scholar
• Chadiha , L. A. , Proctor , E. K. , Morrow-Howell , N. , Darkwa , O. K. and Dore , P. 1995 . Post-hospital home care for African-American and white elderly. . The Gerontologist , 35 : 233 – 239 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Central Midlands Regional Planning Council. 1984 . Case management for the elderly: A manual of procedures. Columbia, SC : Author. .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , C. E. , Butler , F. E. , Gueldner , S. H. and Palmer , M. H. 1997 . Models for community-based long-term care for the elderly in a changing health system. . Nursing Outlook , 44 ( 2 ) : 59 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Cox , C. L. 1986 . The interaction model of client health behavior: Application to the study of community-based elders. . Advances in Nursing Science , 9 ( 1 ) : 40 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper , M. S. , ed. 1990 . Minority aging: Essential curricula content for selected health and allied health professions. Health Resources and Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. DHHS Publication No. HRS (P-DV-90–4). Washington, DC : Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , W. and Rene , A. A. 1994 . “ Barriers to health services utilization and Blacks. ” . In Handbook of Black American Health: The mosaic of conditions, issues, policies, and prospects. Edited by: Livingston , E. L. Westport, CT : Greenwood. .
   Google Scholar
• Katz , S. , Ford , A. B. , Moskowitz , R. W. , Jackson , B. A. and Jaffe , M. W. 1963 . Studies of illness in the aged: The index of ADL, a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. . Journal of the American Medical Association , 185 : 914 – 919 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keith , V. M. and Jones , W. 1990 . Determinants of health services utilization among the black and white elderly. . Journal of Health & Social Policy , 1 ( 3 ) : 73 – 88 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawton , M. P. , Moss , M. , Fulcomer , M. and Kleban , M. H. 1982 . A research and service-oriented multilevel assessment instrument. . Journal of Gerontology , 37 : 91 – 99 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lefkowitz , D. and Monheit , A. 1991 . Health insurance, use of health services, and health care expenditures (AHCPR Pub. No. 92–0017). Rockville, MD : Agency for Health Care Policy and Research .
   Google Scholar
• Lillie-Blanton , M. and Hoffman , S. C. 1995 . Conducting an assessment of health needs and resources in a racial/ethnic minority community. . Health Services Research , 30 : 225 – 236 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , B. , McFall , S. and Campbell , R. T. 1994 . Changes in sources of community long-term care among African-American and white frail older persons. . Journal of Gerontology , 49 : S14 – 24 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mui , A. C. and Burnette , D. 1994 . Long-term care service use by frail elders: Is ethnicity a factor? . Gerontologist , 34 : 190 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , M. A. 1993 . Race, gender, and the effect of social supports on the use of health services by elderly individuals. . International Journal of Aging and Human Development , 37 : 227 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickens , H. W. 1995 . The role of race/ethnicity and social class in minority health status. . Health Services Research , 30 : 151 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Older Americans Act Amendments of 1992 Pub. L. No. 102–375, 106 Stat. 1195(1993) .
   Google Scholar
• Older Americans Act . 1994 . “ 42 U.S.C. Sect. 3001 ” . In Et seq.
   Google Scholar
• Parks , A. G. 1988 . Black elderly in rural America: A comprehensive study. Bristol, IN : Wyndham Hall. .
   Google Scholar
• Reed , W. L. 1990 . “ Health care needs and services. ” . In Black aged: Understanding diversity and service needs Edited by: Harel , Z. , McKinney , E. A. and Williams , M. 183 – 203 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage. .
   Google Scholar
• State Budget and Control Board. 1988 . SC statistical abstracts: 1987–1988. Columbia, SC : Division of Research and Statistical Services. .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Bureau of Census. 1996 . Statistical Abstracts of the United States: 1996, , 116th ed. Washington DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Bureau of Census. 1995 . Sixty-five plus in the United States [On-line]. Available: http://www.census.gov/socdemo/www/agebrief.html
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . 1996 . Healthy People 2000: Mid-course review and 1995 revisions. Sudbury, MA : Jones and Bartlett. .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Senate . 1997 . Older Americans Act Amendments of , 1997 April [On-line]. Available: http://thomas.loc.gov/
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , D. C. 1991 . Determinants of functional status, hospitalization, service use, mortality, and placement among aging network elders: Use of Cox's IMCHB as a nursing framework. . (Doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina, 1990). Dissertation Abstracts International , 51 : 5812B
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , D. C. , Fox , T. and Napier , E. 1996 . Community based service utilization among African-American elders. . Journal of Gender, Culture and Health , 1 : 295 – 308 .
   Google Scholar
• Wolinsky , F. D. and Johnson , R. J. 1991 . The use of health services by older adults. . Journal of Gerontology , 46 : S345 – 357 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yeatts , D. E. , Crow , T. and Folts , E. 1992 . Service use among low-income minority elderly: Strategies for overcoming barriers. . The Gerontologist , 32 : 24 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , R. F. and Kahana , E. 1995 . The context of caregiving and well-being outcomes among African and Caucasian Americans. . The Gerontologist , 35 : 225 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar