Influence of Yard Work and Weight Training on Bone Mineral Density Among Older U. S. Women

REFERENCES

• American College of Sports Medicine . 1995 . Position stand: Osteoporosis and exercise. . Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise , 27 : I-VIII
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , J. J. and Metz , J. A. 1993 . Contributions of dietary calcium and physical activity to primary prevention of osteoporosis in females. . Journal of American College Nutrition , 12 : 378 – 383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracker , M. D. and Nelson , N. B. 1998 . How to get the most out of bone densitometry. . Postgraduate Medicine , 104 : 77 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchner , D. M. , Beresford , S. A. , Larson , E. B. , LaCroix , A. Z. and Wagner , E. H. 1992 . Effects of physical activity on health status in older adults. . Annual Review of Public Health , 13 : 469 – 488 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler , R. N. 2000 . Fighting frailty: Prescription for healthier aging includes exercise, nutrition, safety and research. . Geriatrics , 55 : 20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chestnut , C. H. 3rd . 1993 . Bone mass and exercise. . American Journal of Medicine , 95 : 34S 36S
   Google Scholar
• Dempster , D. W. and Lindsay , R. 1993 . Pathogenesis of osteoporosis. . Lancet , 341 : 797 – 801 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drinkwater , B. L. 1994 . C.H. McCloy Research Lecture: Does physical activity play a role in preventing osteoporosis? . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 65 : 197 – 206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisman , J. A. , Sambrook , P. N. , Kelly , P. J. and Pocock , N. A. 1991 . Exercise and its interaction with genetic influences in the determination of bone mineral density. . American Journal of Medicine , 91 : 5S 9S
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson , S. M. and Sevier , T. L. 1997 . Osteoporosis in active women: Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. . Physician and Sportsmedicine , 25 : 61 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaglal , S. B. , Kreiger , N. and Darlington , G. 1993 . Past and recent physical activity and risk of hip fracture. . American Journal of Epidemiology , 138 : 107 – 118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keene , G. S. , Parker , M. J. and Pryor , F. A. 1993 . Mortality and morbidity after hip fractures. . British Medical Journal , 307 : 1248 – 1250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulak , C. A. and Bilezikian , J. P. 1998 . Osteoporosis: Preventive strategies. . International Journal of Fertility and Women's Medicine , 43 : 56 – 64 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindsay , R. 1995 . The burden of osteoporosis: Cost. . American Journal of Medicine , 98 : 9S 11S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Looker , A. C. , Orwoll , E. S. , Johnston , C. C. Jr. , Lindsay , R. L. , Wahner , H. W. , Dunn , R. L. , Calvo , M. S. , Harris , T. B. and Heyse , S. P. 1997 . Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older U.S. adults from NHANES III. . Journal of Bone Mineral Research , 12 : 1761 – 1768 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus , R. , Drinkwater , B. , Dalsky , J. , Dufek , D. , Raab , C. , Slemenda and Snow-Harter , C. 1992 . Osteoporosis and exercise in women. . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 24 : S301 – S307 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metz , J. A. , Anderson , J. J. and Gallager , P. N. Jr. 1993 . Intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and protein, and physical-activity level are related to radial bone mass in young adult women. . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 58 : 537 – 542 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock , M. and Brechu , W. F. 1995 . Exercise guidelines for the older woman. . Woman's Health Digest , 1 : 31 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Raisz , L. G. 1999 . Osteoporosis: Current approaches and future prospects in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management. . Journal of Bone Mineral Research , 17 : 79 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Ray , N. F. , Chan , J. K. and Thamer , M. 1997 . Medical expenditures for the treatment of osteoporotic fracture in the United States in 1995: Report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. . Journal of Bone Mineral Research , 12 : 24 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggs , B. L. and Melton , L. J. 1995 . The worldwide problem of osteoporosis: Insights afforded by epidemiology. . Bone , 17 ( Suppl 5 ) 505S-511S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riis , B. J. 1995 . The role of bone loss. . American Journal of Medicine , 98 : 29 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzoli , R. and Bonjour , J. P. 1999 . Determinants of peak bone mass and mechanisms of bone loss. . Osteoporosis International , 9 ( Suppl 2 ) : S17 – 23 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rogers , M. A. and Evans , W. J. 1993 . Changes in skeletal muscle with aging: Effects of exercise training. . Exercise and Sport Science Reviews , 21 : 65 – 102 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Snow-Harter , C. M. 1994 . Bone health and prevention of osteoporosis in active and athletic women. . Clinics in Sports Medicine , 13 : 389 – 404 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taaffee , D. R. , Snow-Harter , C. , Connolly , D. A. , Robinson , T. L. , Brown , M. D. and Marcus , R. 1995 . Differential effects of swimming versus weight-bearing activity on bone mineral status of eumenorrheic athletes. . Journal of Bone Mineral Research , 10 : 586 – 593 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taaffee , D. R. , Robinson , T. L. , Snow , C. M. and Marcus , R. 1997 . High-impact exercise promotes bone gain in well-trained female athletes. . Journal of Bone Mineral Research , 12 : 255 – 260 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . 1994 . Healthy people 2000: Review. , Publication PHS 95 1256 – 1 . Washington, DC : Department of Health and Human Services .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . 1990 . Healthy people 2000: National health and disease prevention objectives. , Publication PHS 91:50212 Washington, DC : Department of Health and Human Services .
   Google Scholar
• Wolman , R. L. 1994 . ABC of sports medicine: Osteoporosis and exercise. . British Medical Journal , 309 : 400 – 403 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 1994 . Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. , Technical Report Series No. 843. Geneva, , Switzerland : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar