Positive Contingencies versus Quotas

References

• Agnew , J. L. 1998 . Establishing operations in organizational behavior management . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 18 ( 2 ) : 7 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Agnew , J. L. and Redmon , W. K. 1992 . Contingency-specifying stimuli: The role of “rules” in organizational behavior management . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 12 ( 2 ) : 67 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Austin , J. , Carr , J. E. and Agnew , J. L. 1999 . The Need for Assessment of Maintaining Variables in OBM . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 19 ( 2 ) : 59 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balcazar , F. , Hopkins , B. L. and Suarez , Y. 1986 . A critical objective review of performance feedback . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 7 : 65 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Baum , W. M. 1973 . The correlation based law of effect . Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , 20 : 137 – 153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum , W. M. 1994 . Understanding behaviorism: Science, behavior, and culture , New York : HarperCollins .
   Google Scholar
• Blakely , E. and Schlinger , H. 1987 . Rules: Function-altering contingency-specifying stimuli . The Behavior Analyst , 10 : 183 – 187 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , R. and Herrnstein , R. J. 1975 . Psychology , Boston : Little, Brown .
   Google Scholar
• Skinner , B. F. 1973 . Organizational Dynamics , 1 ( 3 ) : 31 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Deming , W. E. 1982 . Quality, productivity and competitive position , Cambridge, MA : Center for Advanced Engineering Study, MIT .
   Google Scholar
• Estes , W. K. and Skinner , B. F. 1941 . Some quantitative properties of anxiety . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 29 : 390 – 400 .
   Google Scholar
• Fellows , C. and Mawhinney , T. C. 1997 . Improving Telemarketers' Performance in the Short-Run Using Operant Concepts . Journal of Business and Psychology , 11 ( 4 ) : 411 – 424 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fellows , C. and Mawhinney , T. C. 1998 . “ Improving Telemarketers' Performance Using Individually Scheduled Token Reinforcements with a Group Contingency and Lottery ” . In Getting results: Case studies in performance improvement , Edited by: Esque , T. J. and Patterson , P. A. Vol. 1 , Amherst, MA : HRD Press, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Ferster , C. B. and Skinner , B. F. 1957 . Schedules of reinforcement , New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Ludwig , T. D. and Geller , E. S. 1997 . Assigned versus participatory goal-setting and response generalization: Managing injury control among professional pizza deliverers . Journal of Applied Psychology , 82 : 253 – 261 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig , T. K. and Geller , E. S. 1999 . Behavioral impact of a corporate driving policy: Undesirable side effects reflect countercontrol . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 19 ( 2 ) : 3 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malott , R. W. 1992 . A theory of rule-governed behavior and organizational behavior management . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 12 ( 2 ) : 45 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Mawhinney , T. C. 1975 . Operant terms and concepts in the description of individual work behavior: Some problems of interpretation, application, and evaluation . Journal of Applied Psychology , 60 : 704 – 712 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mawhinney , T. C. 1986 . OBM, SPC, and Theory D: A brief introduction . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 8 ( 1 ) : 89 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Mawhinney , T. C. 1992 . Total quality management and organizational behavior management: An integration for continual improvement . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 25 : 225 – 243 .
   Google Scholar
• Mawhinney , T. C. and Gowen , C. 1990 . Gainsharing and the law of effect as the matching law: A theoretical framework . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 11 ( 2 ) : 61 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Melcher , A. J. 1976 . Structure and process of organizations: A systems approach , Englewood Cliffs, N J : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Michael , J. 1982 . Distinguishing between discriminative and motivational functions of stimuli . Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , 37 : 149 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millenson , J. R. and Leslie , J. C. 1979 . Principles of behavior analysis , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Normand , M. , Bucklin , B. and Austin , J. The analysis of behavioral mechanisms in JOBM . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Organ , D. W. and Bateman , T. S. 1991 . Organizational behavior , Boston : Irwin .
   Google Scholar
• Parsonson , B. S. and Bear , D. M. 1978 . “ The analysis and presentation of graphic data ” . In Single subject research: Strategies for evaluating change , Edited by: Kratochwill , T. R. 101 – 165 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pedalino , E. and Gamboa , V. U. 1974 . Behavior modification and absenteeism: Intervention in one industrial setting . Journal of Applied Psychology , 59 : 694 – 698 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrock , F. 1978 . Analyzing the balance of consequences for performance improvement . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 1 ( 3 ) : 196 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Pinder , C. C. 1998 . Work motivation in organizational behavior , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice-Hall, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Poling , A. J. , Smith , J. and Braatz , D. 1993 . Data sets in organizational behavior management: Do we measure enough? . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 14 ( 1 ) : 99 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Rachlin , H. 1989 . Judgement, decision, and choice , New York : W. H. Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Roy , D. 1952 . Quota restriction and goldbricking in a machine shop . American Journal of Sociology , 58 : 427 – 442 .
   Google Scholar
• Roy , D. 1953 . Work satisfaction and social reward in quota achievement: An analysis of piecework incentive . American Sociological Review , 18 : 507 – 514 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlinger , H. and Blakely , E. 1987 . Function-altering effects of contingency-specifying stimuli . The Behavior Analyst , 10 : 41 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skinner , B. F. 1953 . Science and human behavior , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Skinner , B. F. 1957 . Verbal behavior , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Skinner , B. F. 1969 . Contingencies of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis , New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts .
   Google Scholar
• Skinner , B. F. 1974 . About behaviorism , New York : Alfred A. Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler , D. J. and Chambers , D. 1992 . Understanding statistical process control. () , 2nd ed. , Knoxville, TN : SPC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zajonc , R. B. 1965 . Social facilitation . Science , 149 : 269 – 264 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeiler , M. D. 1970 . Limits on completing fixed-ratios . Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , 14 : 275 – 286 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeiler , M. D. 1972 . Limits on completing fixed-ratios II: Stimulus specificity . Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , 18 : 243 – 251 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zeiler , M. 1977 . “ Schedules of reinforcement: The controlling variables ” . In Handbook of operant behavior , Edited by: Honig , W. K. and Staddon , J. E. R. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar