Toward an Empirical Case Definition of CFS

References

• Bombardier , C. H. and Buchwald , D. 1995 . Outcome and prognosis of patients with chronic fatigue and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome . Archives of Internal Medicine , 155 : 2105 – 2110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borish , L. , Schmaling , K. , DiClementi , J. , Streib , J. , Negri , J. and Jones , J. F. 1998 . Chronic fatigue syndrome: Identification of distinct subgroups on the basis of allergy and psychologic variables . Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology , 102 ( 2 ) : 222 – 230 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchwald , D. , Wener , M. H. , Pearlman , T. and Kith , P. 1997 . Markers of inflammation and immune activation in chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome . The Journal of Rheumatology , 24 ( 2 ) : 372 – 376 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carruthers , B. M. , Jain , A. K. , DeMeirleir , K. L. , Peterson , D. L. , Klimas , N. G. , Lerner , A. M. , Bested , A. C. , Flor-Henry , P. , Joshi , P. , Powles , A. C.P. , Sherkey , J. A. and Van de Sande , M. I. 2003 . Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: Clinical working case definition, diagnostic and treatments protocols . Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome , 11 : 7 – 115 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , M. R. , Katon , W. , Russo , J. , Kith , P. , Sintay , M. and Buchwald , D. 1995 . Chronic fatigue: Risk factors for symptom persistence in a two and one half year followup study . American Journal of Medicine , 98 : 187 – 195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corradi , K. M. , Jason , L. A. and Torres-Harding , S. R. 2006 . “ Exploratory subgrouping in CFS: Infectious, inflammatory, and other ” . In Advances in Psychology Research , Edited by: Columbus , A. Volume 41 , 115 – 127 . Hauppauge, NY : Nova Science Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Evengard , B. , Jacks , A. , Pedersen , N. L. and Sullivan , P. F. 2005 . The epidemiology of chronic fatigue in the Swedish Twin Registry . Psychological Medicine , 35 : 1317 – 1326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• First , M. B. , Spitzer , R. L. , Gibbon , M. and Williams , J. B.W. 1996 . Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-CV) , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Friedberg , F. , Dechene , L. , McKenzie , M. and Fontanetta , R. 2000 . Symptom patterns in long-term chronic fatigue syndrome . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 48 : 59 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedberg , F. and Jason , L. A. 1998 . Understanding chronic fatigue syndrome: An empirical guide to assessment and treatment , Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Fukuda , K. , Straus , S. E. , Hickie , I. , Sharpe , M. C. , Dobbins , J. G. and Komaroff , A. 1994 . The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A comprehensive approach to its definition and study . Annals of Internal Medicine , 121 : 953 – 959 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadzi-Pavlovic , D. , Hickie , I. B. , Wilson , A. J. , Davenport , T. A. , Lloyd , A. R. and Wakefield , D. 2000 . Screening for prolonged fatigue syndromes: Validation of the SOFA scale . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 35 : 471 – 479 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawk , C. , Jason , L. A. and Torres-Harding , S. Reliability of a chronic fatigue syndrome questionnaire . Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome , in press
   Google Scholar
• Hickie , I. , Lloyd , A. , Wilson , A. , Hadzi-Pavlovic , D. , Parker , G. , Bird , K. and Wakefield , D. 1995 . Can the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome be defined by distinct clinical features? . Psychological Medicine , 25 : 925 – 935 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes , G. P. , Kaplan , J. E. , Gantz , N. M. , Komaroff , A. L. , Schonberger , L. B. , Strauss , S. S. , Jones , J. F. , Dubois , R. E. , Cunningham-Rudles , C. , Pahwa , S. , Tosato , G. , Zegans , L. S. , Purtilo , D. T. , Brown , W. , Schooley , R. T. and Brus , I. 1988 . Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A working case definition . Annals of Internal Medicine , 108 : 387 – 389 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jason , L. A. , Corradi , K. , Torres-Harding , S. , Taylor , R. R. and King , C. 2005 . Chronic fatigue syndrome: The need for subtypes . Neuropsychology Review , 15 : 29 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jason , L. A. , Richman , J. A. , Rademaker , A. W. , Jordan , K. M. , Plioplys , A. V. , Taylor , R. , McCready , W. , Huang , C. and Plioplys , S. 1999 . A community-based study of chronic fatigue syndrome . Archives of Internal Medicine , 159 : 2129 – 2137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jason , L. A. , Ropacki , J. A. , Santoro , N. B. , Richman , J. A. , Heatherly , W. Taylor , R. 1997 . A screening scale for chronic fatigue syndrome: Reliability and validity . Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome , 3 : 39 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Jason , L. A. and Taylor , R. R. 2002 . Applying cluster analysis to define a typology of chronic fatigue syndrome in a medically-evaluated, random community sample . Psychology and Health , 17 : 323 – 337 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jason , L. A. , Taylor , R. R. , Kennedy , C. L. , Jordan , K. , Huang , C. , Torres-Harding , S. , Song , S. and Johnson , D. 2002 . A factor analysis of chronic fatigue symptoms in a community-based sample . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 37 : 183 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jason , L. A. , Taylor , R. R. , Kennedy , C. L. , Jordan , K. M. , Song , S. , Johnson , D. and Torres-Harding , S. 2003 . Chronic fatigue syndrome: Symptom subtypes in a community based sample . Women & Health , 37 : 1 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jason , L. A. , Torres-Harding , S. R. , Carrico , A. W. and Taylor , R. R. 2002 . Symptom occurrence with chronic fatigue syndrome . Biological Psychology , 59 : 15 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jason , L. A. , Torres-Harding , S. R. , Jurgens , A. and Helgerson , J. 2004 . Comparing the Fukuda et al., criteria and the Canadian case definition for chronic fatigue syndrome . Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome , 12 : 37 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Jensen , M. and Karoly , P. 1992 . “ Self-report scales and procedures for assessing pain in adults ” . In Handbook of Pain Assessment , Edited by: Turk , D. and Melzack , R. New York, NY : The Guildford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Komaroff , A. L. , Fagioli , L. R. , Geiger , A. M. , Doolittle , T. H. , Lee , J. , Kornish , R. J. , Gleit , M. A. and Guerriero , R. T. 1996 . An examination of the working case definition of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome . The American Journal of Medicine , 100 : 56 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linder , R. , Dinser , R. , Wagner , M. , Krueger , G. R.F. and Hoffmann , A. 2002 . Generation of classification criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome using an artificial neural network and traditional criteria set . In vivo , 16 : 37 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutgendorf , S. , Klimas , N. G. , Antoni , M. , Brickman , A. and Fletcher , M. A. 1995 . Relationships of cognitive difficulties to immune measures, depression and illness burden in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome . Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome , 1 ( 2 ) : 23 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Natelson , B. H. , Cohen , J. M. , Brassloff , I. and Lee , H. J. 1993 . A controlled study of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with fatiguing illnesses . Journal of the Neurological Sciences , 120 : 213 – 217 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisenbaum , R. , Reyes , M. , Mawle , A. C. and Reeves , W. C. 1998 . Factor analysis of unexplained severe fatigue and interrelated symptoms: Overlap with criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome . American Journal of Epidemiology , 148 : 72 – 77 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisenbaum , R. , Reyes , M. , Unger , E. R. and Reeves , W. C. 2004 . Factor analysis of symptoms among subjects with unexplained chronic fatigue. What can we learn about chronic fatigue syndrome? . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 56 : 171 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poole , J. , Herrell , R. , Ashton , S. , Goldberg , J. and Buchwald , D. 2000 . Results of isoproterenol tilt table testing in monozygotic twins discordant for chronic fatigue syndrome . Archives of Internal Medicine , 160 : 3461 – 3468 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray , C. , Weir , W. R.C. , Cullen , S. and Phillips , S. 1992 . Illness perception and symptom components in chronic fatigue syndrome . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 36 : 243 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeves , W. C. , Lloyd , A. , Vernon , S. D. , Klimas , N. , Jason , L. , Bleijenberg , G. , Evengard , B. , White , P. D. , Nisenbaum , R. and Unger , E. R. 2003 . Identification of ambiguities in the 1994 chronic fatigue syndrome research case definition and recommendations for resolution . BMC Health Services Research , 3 : 25 http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472–6963–3–25.pdf
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds , K. J. , Vernon , S. D. , Bouchery , E. and Reeves , W. C. 2004 . The economic impact of chronic fatigue syndrome . Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation , available at http://resource-allocation.com/content/2/1/4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowe , K. S. and Rowe , K. J. 2002 . “ Symptom patterns of children and adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome ” . In International Perspectives on Child and Adolescent Mental Health , Edited by: Singh , N. N. , Ollendick , T. H. and Singh , A. N. Vol 2 , 395 – 421 . Oxford : Elsevier Science Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan , P. F. , Pedersen , N. L. , Jacks , A. and Evengard , B. 2005 . Chronic fatigue in a population sample: Definitions and heterogeneity . Psychological Medicine , 35 : 1337 – 1348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan , P. F. , Smith , W. and Buchwald , D. 2002 . Latent class analysis of symptoms associated with chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia . Psychological Medicine , 32 : 881 – 888 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , R. R. and Jason , L. A. 1998 . Comparing the DIS with the SCID: Chronic fatigue syndrome and psychiatric comorbidity . Psychology and Health: The International Review of Health Psychology , 13 : 1087 – 1104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , R. R. , Jason , L. A. and Schoeny , M. E. 2001 . Evaluating latent variable models of functional somatic distressin a community-based sample . Journal of Mental Health , 10 : 335 – 349 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , A. , Hickie , I. , Hadzi-Pavlovic , D. , Wakefield , D. , Parker , G. , Straus , S. E. , Dale , J. , McCluskey , D. , Hinds , G. , Brickman , A. , Goldenberg , D. , Demitrack , M. , Blakely , T. , Wessely , S. , Sharpe , M. and Lloyd , A. 2001 . What is chronic fatigue syndrome: Heterogeneity within an international multicentre study . Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry , 35 : 520 – 527 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar