Clinical Implications of Hypomagnesemia

REFERENCES

• Whang R, Hampton E M, Whang D D. Magnesium homeostasis and clinical disorders of magnesium deficiency. Ann Pharmacother 1994; 28: 220–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wacker W EC. The biochemistry of magnesium. Ann NY Acad Sci 1969; 162: 717–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tang I, Lau A H. Fluid and electrolyte disorders. Applied therapeutics: the clinical use of drugs, 6th ed, L Y Young, M A Koda-Kimble. Applied Therapeutics, Vancouver 1995; 28.1–28.33
   Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association. Magnesium supplementation in the treatment of diabetes. Diabetes Care 1992; 15: 1065–67
   Google Scholar
• Al-Ghamdi S MG, Cameron E C, Sutton R AL. Magnesium deficiency: pathophysiologic and clinical overview. Am J Kidney Dis 1994; 24: 737–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton R AL, Dirks J H. Disturbances of calcium and magnesium metabolism. The kidney, 5th ed., B M Brenner. WB Saunders, Philadelphia 1996; 1038–85
   Google Scholar
• Arsenian M A. Magnesium and cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1993; 35: 271–310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfrey A C. Normal and abnormal magnesium metabolism. Renal and electrolyte disorders, 4th ed., R W Schrier. Little, Brown, & Company, Boston 1992; 371–404
   Google Scholar
• Whang R. Magnesium deficiency: pathogenesis, prevalence and clinical implications. Am J Med 1987; 82(suppl 3A)24–29
   Google Scholar
• Drug information handbook 1996–97, 4th ed., C Lacy, L L Armstrong, N Ingrim, L L Lance. Lexi-Comp, Hudson 1996
   Google Scholar
• Wong E T, Rude R K, Singer F R, et al. A high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in hospitalized patients. Am J Clin Path 1983; 79: 348–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whang R, Ryder K. W. Frequency of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia: requested vs. routine. JAMA 1990; 263: 3063–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whang R, Ryder K W. Hypomagnesemia. Difficult diagnosis II, 2nd ed., R B Taylor. WB Saunders, Philadelphia 1992; 258–62
   Google Scholar
• Grafton G, Baxter M A. The role of magnesium in diabetes mellitus: a possible mechanism for the development of diabetic complications. J Diab Comp 1992; 6: 143–49
   Google Scholar
• McNair P, Christensen M S, Christiansen C, Madsbad S, Transbøl I B. Renal hypomagnesemia in human diabetes mellitus: its relation to glucose homeostasis. Eur J Clin Invest 1982; 12: 81–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toffaletti J. Physiology and regulation: ionized calcium, magnesium and lactate measurements in critical care settings. Am J Clin Pathol 1995; 104(suppl 1)S88–94
   Google Scholar
• Tosiello L. Hypomagnesemia and diabetes mellitus: a review of clinical implications. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 1143–48
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yajnik C S, Smith F R, Hockaday T DR, Ward N I. Fasting plasma magnesium concentrations and glucose disposal in diabetes. Br Med J 1984; 288: 1032–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nadler J, Buchanan T, Natarajan R, Antonipillai I, Bergman R, Rude R. Magnesium deficiency produces insulin resistance and increased thromboxane synthesis. Hypertension 1993; 21: 1024–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paolisso G, Sgambato S, Gambardella A, Pizza G, Tesauro P, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Daily magnesium supplements improve glucose handling in elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55: 1161–67
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koda-Kimble M A, Carlisle B A. Diabetes mellitus. Applied therapeutics: the clinical use of drugs, 6th ed., L Y Young, M A Koda-Kimble. Applied Therapeutics, Vancouver 1995; 48.1–48.62
   Google Scholar
• Leier C A, Cas L D, Metra M. Clinical relevance and management of the major electrolyte abnormalities in congestive heart failure: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia. Am Heart J 1994; 128: 564–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Textbook of advanced cardiac life support, R O Cummins. American Heart Association., Dallas 1994
   Google Scholar
• Roden D M. Antiarrhythmic drugs. Goodman, & Gilman's. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 9th ed., J G Hardman, L E Limbird, P B Molinoff, R W Ruddon, A G Gilman. McGraw-Hill, New York 1996; 839–74
   Google Scholar
• Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 1328–428
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hampton E M, Whang D D, Whang R. Intravenous magnesium therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Ann Pharmacother 1994; 28: 212–19
   Google Scholar
• Woods K L, Fletcher S, Roffe C, Haider Y. Intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: results of the second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIM1T-2). Lancet 1992; 339: 1553–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods K L, Fletcher S. Long-term outcome after intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: the second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIMIT-2). Lancet 1994; 343: 816–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISIS-4 Collaborative Group. ISIS-4: a randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1995; 345: 669–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heesch C M, Eichhorn E J. Magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 24: 1154–60
   Google Scholar
• Abbott L, Nadler J, Rude R K. Magnesium deficiency in alcoholism: possible contribution to osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1994; 18: 1076–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultz N J, Chttwood-Dagner K K. Body electrolyte homeostasis. In:. Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach, 3rd ed., J T DiPiro, R L Talbert, G C Yee, G R Matzke, B G Wells, L M Posey. Appleton, & Lange, Stamford 1997; 1105–38
   Google Scholar
• Drug Facts and Comparisons, D S Threlkeld, R C Hagemann, A J Brantley, et al. Facts, & Comparisons, St. Louis 1997
   Google Scholar