Performance of Dacryodes edulis (Don. G. Lam H. J.) Seeds and Seedlings in a Crude Oil Contaminated Soil

REFERENCES

• Adams , R. S. and Ellis , R. 1960 . Some physical and chemical changes in the soil brought about by saturation with natural gas . Soil Sei. Soc. Am. Proc. , 24 : 41 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Adegeye , A. O. , Ayodelel , L. A. and Ufifio , L. A. Effect of oil exploitation on the forest and wildlife resources in Delta State of Nigeria . Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Forestry Association of Nigeria (FAN) held in Ikeja, Lagos State between 29th Nov. and 3rd Dec. 1993 . Edited by: Oduwaiye , E. A. pp. 44 – 52 . Ibadan : Hedimo Press .
   Google Scholar
• Agbogidi , O. M. 2003 . Response of Azolla africana Desv. and Savinia nymphellula Desv. to the water soluble fraction of Odidi well crude oil . Journal of Science and Technology Research , 2 ( 4 ) : 76 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Amadi , A. A. , Dickson , A. and Moate , G. O. 1993 . Remediation of oil polluted soils: Effect of organic nutrient supplements on the performance of maize Zea mays L . Water Air Soil Poll. , 66 : 59 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amadi , A. , Abbey , S. O. and Nma , A. 1996 . Chronic effects of oil spill on soil properties and microflora of a rainforest ecosystem in Nigeria . Water, Air Soil Pollut. , 86 : 1 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anoliefo , G. O. and Vwioko , D. E. 1994 . Effects of spent lubricating oil on the growth of Capsicum annum (L.) and Lycopersicon exculentum (Miller) . Environ. Pollut. , 88 : 361 – 364 .
   Google Scholar
• Anoliefo , G. O. Oil spill: Effects of spent lubricant on plant life . "Infotech Today." . October 1998 .
   Google Scholar
• 1966 . International rules for seed testing association , Norway (ISTA) seed service and tech., No. 4 Anonymous
   Google Scholar
• Asaba Meteorological Bulletin . 2003 . National meteorological report , Meteorological Bulletin, 2003 Lagos
   Google Scholar
• Atuanya , E. I. 1987 . Effect of waste engine-oil pollution on physical and chemical properties of soil: A case study of waste contaminated Delta Soil in Bendel State . Niger an Journal of Applied Science , 5 : 155 – 176 .
   Google Scholar
• Ayuk , E. T. , Duguma , B. , Franzel , S. , Kengue , J. , Mollet , M. and Tiki-Manga , T. 1999 . Uses, management and economic potential of Dacryodes edulis (Burseraceae) in the humid lowlands of Cameroon . Economic Botany , 53 ( 3 ) : 292 – 301 .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , J. M. 1970a . The effect of oil on plants . Environ. Pollut. , 1 : 27 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , J. M. 1970b . “ The effect of oil on plants physiology ” . In The ecological effect of oil pollution on littoral communities , Edited by: Cowell , E. B. 88 – 98 . London : Applied Science Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , J. M. 1973 . Recovery of salt marsh vegetation from successive oil spillages . Environ. Pollut. , 4 : 223 – 230 .
   Google Scholar
• Baker , J. M. , Little , D. I. and Owens , E. H. A review of experimental shoreline oil spills . Proceedings of the 1993 oil spill conference . pp. 583 – 590 . Washington, DC : American Petroleum Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Bamidele , J. F. and Agbogidi , O. M. 2000 . Toxicity of odidi petroleum oil and its water soluble fraction on three aquatic macrophytes . Nigerian Journ. Sei. Environ. , 2 : 121 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• Bankens , N. B. and Okolie , N. 1993 . Nutritional constituents of the seeds of the African pear (Dacryodes edulis) . Food Chemistry , 46 : 297 – 299 .
   Google Scholar
• Bartha , R. 1977 . The effects of oil spill on trees/ . Arboric. , 3 : 142 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Bartha , R. and Ingeborg , B. 1984 . “ The fate of petroleum in soil ecosystems ” . In Petroleum microbiology , Edited by: Atlas , R. M. 435 – 4763 . New York : Willey-Liss .
   Google Scholar
• Benka-Coker , M. O. and Ekundayo , J. A. 1995 . Effects of an oil spill on soil physico-chemical properties of a spill site in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria . Environ. Monit. Assess. , 36 : 93 – 104 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berrie , A. M. M. 1984 . “ Germination and dormancy ” . In Advanced plant physiology , Edited by: Wilkins , M. B. 441 – 468 . London : Pitman Publishing Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Bossert , I. and Bartha , R. 1984 . “ The fate of petroleum in soil ecosystems ” . In Petroleum microbiology , Edited by: Atlas , R. 434 – 476 . New York : Macmillan Publishing Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Daliziel , J. M. 1987 . The useful plants of west tropical Africa , U. K. : Longman Publisher .
   Google Scholar
• DeJong , E. 1980 . The effect of crude oil spill on cereals . Environ. Pollut. , 22 : 187 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekundayo , E. O. and Obuekwe , C. O. 1994 . Effects of oil spill on soil physico-chemical properties of a spill site in a typical paleudult of Midwestern Nigeria . Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , 45 : 209 – 221 .
   Google Scholar
• Embiri , L. C. and Nwufo , M. I. 1990 . Effect of fruit type and storage treatments on bio-deterioration of African pear {Dacryodes edulis G. Don H. J. Lam) . International Bio-deterioration , 26 : 43 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Etukudo , I. 2000 . Forests: Our divine treasure , Uyo : Dorand Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Gill , L. S. 1992 . Ethnomedical uses of plants in Nigeria , Benin-city : Uniben Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gill , L. S. , Nyawuame , H. G. K. and Eruikhametalor , A. O. 1992 . Effect of crude oil on the growth and anatomical features of Chromolaena odorata (L) . News Letters , 5 : 46 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Kapseu , C. and Tchieqang , C. 1996 . Oil composition of pulp oil of two types of African pear in Cameroon . Fruits , 5 ( 3 ) : 185 – 191 .
   Google Scholar
• Keay , R. W. L , Onochie , C. F. A. and Stanfield , D. P. 1964 . Nigerian trees Vol. 2 , Ibadan : Nigerian National Press Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• Kolattukudy , P. E. 1979 . Oxidation of paraffins by plant tissues . Plant Physiol. , 44 : 315 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Leakey , R. R. B. and Ladipo , D. O. 1996 . Trading on genetic variation-fruits of Dacryodes edulis . Agroforestry Today , 8 ( 2 ) : 16 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Leakey , R. R. B. 1999 . Farmers top priority: Fruit trees Agro forestry today July-December, 1999 , Nariobi : Published by ICRAF .
   Google Scholar
• Leakey , R. R. B. , Schreckenberg , K. and Tchoundjeu , Z. 2003 . The participatory domestication of West African indigenous fruits . International Forestry Review , 5 : 338 – 347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCown , D. D. and Deneke , F. J. Plant germination and seedling growth as effected by the presence of crude petroleum oil . The proceedings of symposium on the impact of oil resource development on Northern plant communities . pp. 44 – 51 . University of Alaska Publication .
   Google Scholar
• Nicolotti , G. and Eglis , S. 1998 . Soil contamination by crude oil: Impact on the mycorrihizosphere and on the vegetation potential of forest trees . Environ. Pollut. , 99 : 37 – 43 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman , M. J. J. , Pearson , C. J. and Searle , P. G. A. 1996 . Tropical food crops in the environment , London : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nwankwo , J. N. 1981 . “ Problems of environmental pollution control in the Nigerian petroleum industry ” . In Petroleum Industry and the Nigerian Environment , 311 – 313 . Nigeria : NNPC Lagos .
   Google Scholar
• Nwoboshi , L. C. 2000 . The nutrient factor in sustainable forestry , Ibadan : University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Odjegba , V. J. and Sadiq , A. O. 2002 . Effects of spent engine oil on the growth parameters, chlorophyll and protein levels of Amaranthus hybridus L . The Environmentalist , 22 ( 1 ) : 23 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Odu , C. T. I. 1972 . Microbiology of soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon: Extent of contamination and some microbiological properties after contamination . Journ. Inst. Petrol , 58 : 201 – 208 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogri , O. R. 2001 . A review of the Nigerian Petroleum industry and the associated environmental problems . The Environmentalist , 21 ( 1 ) : 11 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Okigbo , R. 1980 . Promising trees for Agro-forestry in Southern Nigeria , Enugu, , Nigeria : Forestry Development and Investigation Branch, Forestry commission .
   Google Scholar
• Overton , E. B. , Sharp , W. D. and Roberts , P. 1994 . “ Toxicity of petroleum ” . In Basic environmental toxicology , Edited by: Cockrham , L. G. 133 – 156 . UK : Christie Rossy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rowell , M. J. 1977 . “ The effect of crude oil spills on soils ” . In The reclamation of agricultural soils after oil spills , Edited by: Toogood , J. A. 1 – 33 . Edmonnton : Dept. of Soil Science, University of Alberta .
   Google Scholar
• Siddiqui , S. and Adams , W. A. 2002 . The fate of diesel hydrocarbons in soils and their effect on the germination of perennial ryegrass . Environ. Toxicol. , 17 ( 1 ) : 49 – 62 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Terge , K. 1984 . Effect of oil pollution on germination and vegetative growth of five species of vascular plants . Oil Petrochem. Pollut. , 2 : 25 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Udo , E. J. and Oputa , C. O. 1984 . Some studies on the effect of crude oil pollution of soil on plant growth . Biol AChem. , 29 : 3 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Wein , R. A. and Bliss , L. C. 1973 . Experimental crude oil spill on Arctic plant communities . Journ. Appl. Ecol. , 10 : 671 – 682 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youmbi , E. , Cerceau-Larrival , M. T. , Verbille , A. M. and Jarreau , Carbonnier M.C. 1998 . Morphology and invitro pollen germination of Dacryodes edulis (Burseraceae): Parameters for optimal germination . Grana , 37 ( 2 ) : 87 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar