Allelopathy in Agroecosystems

References

• Al-Abed , A. S. , Qasem , J. R. and Abu-Blan , H. A. 1993 . Antifungal effects of some common wild plant species on certain plant pathogenic fungi . Dirasat (Pure and Applied Science) , 20 : 149 – 158 .
   Google Scholar
• Alam , M. M. and Khan , A. M. 1974 . Control of phytonematodes with oil cake amendments in spinach fields . Indian Journal of Nematology , 4 : 239 – 240 .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , P. and van Dusen , D. Sustainable agriculture: choosing the future . Global Perspectives on Agroecology and Sustainable Agriculture. Proceedings of the 6th International Scientific Conference of the International Federation of Organic Movements (IFOAM) . California . pp. 1 – 13 . USA : University of California .
   Google Scholar
• Alström , B. 1991 . Role of bacterial cyanide production in differential reaction of plant cultivars to deleterious rhizosphere pseudomonads . Plant and Soil , 133 : 93 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alström , S. 1992 . Saprophytic soil microflora in relation to yield reductions in soil repeatedly cropped with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) . Biology and Fertility of Soils , 14 : 145 – 150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altieri , M. A. and Doll , J. D. 1978 . The potential of allelopathy as a tool for weed management in crops . Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences , 24 : 495 – 502 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altieri , M. A. and Liebman , M. 1988 . Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Implications , Florida : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Amadioha , A. C. 1998 . Control of powdery mildew of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by leaf extracts of papaya (Carica papaya L.) . Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants , 6 ( 2 ) : 41 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Amadioha , A. C. 2000 . Controlling rice blast in vitro and in vivo with extracts of Azadirachta indica . Crop Protection , 19 : 287 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anaya , A. L. 1999 . Allelopathy as a tool in the management of biotic resources . Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences , 18 : 697 – 739 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anaya , A. L. , Hernandez-Bautisian , B. E. , Pelayo-Benavides , H. R. , Calera , M. and Fernandez-Luiselli , E. 1995 . “ Allelopathy in Mexican plants-more recent studies ” . In Allelopathy, Organisms, Processes, and Applications , ACS Symposium Series 582 Edited by: Inderjit , K. M. , Dakshini , M. and Einhellig , F. A. 224 – 241 . Washington , DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Angus , G. F. , Gardner , P. A. , Kirkegaard , J. A. and Desmarchelier , J. M. 1994 . Biofu-migation: Isothiocyanates released from Brassica roots inhibit the growth of take-all fungus . Plant and Soil , 162 : 107 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appel , H. M. 1993 . Phenolics in Ecological interactions: the importance of oxidation . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 19 : 1521 – 1552 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argandona , V. H. , Niemeyer , H. M. and Corcuera , L. J. 1981 . Effect of content and distribution of hydroxamic in wheat on infestation by aphid . Schizaphis graminum. Phytochemistry , 20 : 673 – 676 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arora , R. K. and Kohli , R. K. 1993 . Autotoxic impact of essential oils extracted from Lantana camara L . Biologia Plantarum , 35 : 293 – 297 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babczinski , P. , Dorgerioh , M. , Lobberding , A. , Santel , H.-J. , Schmidt , R. R. , Schmitt , P. and Wunsche , C. 1991 . Herbicidal activity and mode of action of vulgamycin . Pesticide Science , 33 : 439 – 446 .
   Google Scholar
• Bakker , A. W. and Schippers , B. 1987 . Microbial cyanide production in the rhizo-sphere in relation to potato yield reduction and Pseudomonas spp. mediated plant growth stimulation . Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 19 : 451 – 457 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barazani , O. and Friedman , J. 1999 . Allelopathic bacteria and their impact on higher plants . Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences , 18 : 741 – 755 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes , J. P. and Putnam , A. R. 1983 . Rye residues contribute weed suppression in no-tillage cropping systems . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 9 : 1045 – 1057 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes , J. P. and Putnam , A. R. 1987 . Role of benzoxazinones in allelopathy by rye (Secale cereale L.) . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 13 : 889 – 906 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batish , D. R. , Kohli , R. K. , Saxena , D. B. and Singh , H. P. 1997 . Growth regulatory response of parthenin and its derivatives . Plant Growth Regulation , 21 : 189 – 194 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begon , M. , Harper , J. L. and Townsend , C. R. 1995 . Ecology Individuals, Populations and Communities , UK : Blackwell Science Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Berenbaum , M. R. 1995a . The chemistry of defense: the theory and practice . Proceeding National Academy of Sciences, USA , 92 : 2 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berenbaum , M. R. 1995b . Turnabout for fair play: secondary roles for primary compounds . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 21 : 925 – 940 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berestetsky , O. A. 1972 . “ Formation of phytotoxic substances by soil micro-organisms on root residues of fruit trees ” . In Physiological-Biochemical Basis of Plant Interactions in Phytocenoses , Edited by: Grodzinsky , A. M. Vol. 3 , 121 – 124 . Kiev : Naukova-Dum-ka . In Russian with English summary
   Google Scholar
• Berhow , M. A. and Vaughn , S. F. 1999 . “ Higher plant flavonoids: Biosynthesis and chemical ecology ” . In Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology: Allelochemical Interactions , Edited by: Inderjit , K. M. , Dakshini , M. and Foy , C. L. 423 – 438 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bhowmik , P. C. and Doll , J. D. 1979 . Evaluation of allelopathic effects of selected weed species on corn and soybeans . Proceedings of North Central Weed Control Conference , 34 : 43 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Bhowmik , P. C. and Doll , J. D. 1983 . Growth analysis of corn and soybean response to allelopathic effects of weed residues at various temperatures and photosynthet-ic photon flux densities . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 9 : 1263 – 1280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum , U. 1995 . “ The value of model plant-microbe-soil system for understanding processes associated with allelopathic interactions: One example ” . In Allelopathy, Organisms, Processes, and Applications , ACS Symposium Series 582 Edited by: Inderjit , K. M. , Dakshini , M. and Einhellig , F. A. 127 – 131 . Washington , DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Blum , U. 1996 . Allelopathic interactions involving phenolic acids . Journal of Ne-matology , 28 : 259 – 267 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum , U. 1998 . Effects of microbial utilization of phenolic acids and their phenolic acid breakdown products on allelopathic interactions . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 24 : 685 – 708 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum , U. and Shafer , S. R. 1988 . Microbial populations and phenolic acids in soil . Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 20 : 793 – 800 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum , U. , Shafer , S. R. and Lehman , M. E. 1999 . Evidence for inhibitory allelopath-ic interactions involving phenolic acids in field soils: Concepts vs. an experimental model . Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences , 18 : 673 – 693 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum , U. , Gerig , T. M. , Worsham , A. D. and King , L. D. 1993 . Modification of allelo-pathic effects of p -coumaric acid on morning glory seedling biomass by glucose, methionine and nitrate . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 19 : 2791 – 2811 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Börner , H. 1963 . Der Einflutz verschie-dener facteren auf die Bildung von patulin und einer phenolischen Verbindung Penicillium expansum auf Blatt-und Wur-zebückstanden des Apfels . Phytopathologische Zeitschrift , 49 : 1 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Boydston , R. A. and Hang , A. 1995 . Rapeseed (Brassica napus) green manure crop suppresses weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum) . Weed Technology , 9 : 669 – 675 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brattsten , L. B. 1986 . “ Fate of ingested plant allelochemicals in herbivorous insects ” . In Molecular Aspects of Insect-Plant Interactions , Edited by: Brattsten , L. B. and Ahmand , S. 211 New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Buhler , D. D. 1996 . Development of alternative weed management strategies . Journal of Production Agriculture , 9 : 501 – 505 .
   Google Scholar
• Buhler , D. D. 1999 . Expanding the context of weed management . Journal of Crop Production , 2 : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Burch , W. R. Jr. and Parker , J. K. 1992 . Social Science Application in Asian Agrofo-restry , USA : Winrock International .
   Google Scholar
• Burgos , N. R. , Talbert , R. E. and Mattice , J. D. 1999 . Cultivar and age differences in the production of allelochemicals by Secale cereale . Weed Science , 47 : 481 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldiz , D. O. and Fernandez , L. V. 1999 . “ Allelopathy as a possible strategy for weed control in agriculture and forestry systems ” . In Recent Advances in Allelopathy Vol. 1. A Science for the Future , Edited by: Macías , F. A. , Galindo , J. C.B. , Molinillo , J. M.G. and Cutler , H. G. 451 – 462 . Spain : Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Cádi .
   Google Scholar
• Catska , V. 1994 . Interrelationships between vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizosphere microflora in apple replant disease . Biologia Plantarum , 36 : 99 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaurasia , S. N. P. and Ram , D. 1992 . Inhibition of mycelial growth and sclerotium formation in Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary by asafoetida . Tropical Science , 30 : 15 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Cheng , H. H. 1995 . “ Characterization of the mechanism of allelopathy: modeling and experimental approaches ” . In Allelopathy, Organisms, Processes and Applications , ACS Symposium Series 582 Edited by: Inderjit , K. M. , Dakshini , M. and Einhellig , F. A. 132 – 141 . Washington , DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Choesin , D. N. and Boerner , R. E. 1991 . Allyl isothiocyanate release and allelopath-ic potential of Brassica napus (Brassicaceae) . American Journal of Botany , 78 : 1083 – 1090 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou , C. H. 1995 . “ Allelopathy and sustainable agriculture ” . In Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes and Applications , ACS Symposium Series 582 Edited by: Inderjit , K. M. , Dakshini , M. and Einhellig , F. A. 211 – 223 . Washington , DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Chou , C. H. 1999 . Roles of allelopathy in plant biodiversity and sustainable agriculture . Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences , 18 : 609 – 636 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou , C. H. and Muller , C. H. 1972 . Allelopathic mechanism of Arctostaphylos glandulosa var. Zacaensis . American Midland Naturalist , 88 : 324 – 347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou , C. H. and Waller , G. R. 1989 . Phytochemical Ecology: Allelochemicals, My-cotoxins, and Insect Pheromones and Allomones , Academia Sinica Monograph Series No. 9 489 Taipei , , Taiwan : Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica .
   Google Scholar
• Chou , C. H. , Waller , G. R. and Reinhardt , C. F. 1999 . Biodiversity and Allelopathy: From Organisms to Ecosystems in the Pacific , Taipei , , Taiwan, ROC : Academia Sinica .
   Google Scholar
• Cobb , A. 1992 . Herbicides and Plant Physiology , London : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Connell , J. H. 1990 . “ Apparent versus real competition plants ” . In Perspectives in Plant Competition , Edited by: Grace , J. B. and Tilman , D. 9 – 26 . New York , , USA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cruz-Ortega , R. , Anaya , A. L. , Hernández-Bautista , B. E. and Laguna-Hernández , G. 1998 . Effect of allelochemical stress produced by Sicyos deppei on the root ultrastructure of Cucurbita ficifolia and Phaseolus vulgaris . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 24 : 2039 – 2057 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culpeper , N. 1633 . English Physitian and Complete Herball , London : Foulsham . Reprinted, 1955
   Google Scholar
• Cutler , H. G. 1988 . Perspectives on discovery of microbial phytotoxins with herbi-cidal activity . Weed Technology , 2 : 525 – 532 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler , H. G. 1999a . “ Potentially useful natural product herbicides from microorganisms ” . In Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology: Allelochemical Interactions , Edited by: Inderjit , K. M. , Dakshini , M. and Foy , C. L. 497 – 516 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cutler , H. G. 1999b . “ Allelopathy in the biological control of plant diseases ” . In Recent Advances in Allelopathy Vol. 1. A Science for the Future , Edited by: Macías , F. A. , Galindo , J. C.B. , Molinillo , J. M.G. and Cutler , H. G. 397 – 414 . Spain : Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Cádiz .
   Google Scholar
• Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. , eds. 1999a . Biologically Active Natural Products: Agrochemicals , 299 Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. 1999b . “ Agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals ” . In Biologically Active Natural Products: Agrochemicals , Edited by: Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. 1 – 14 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rani , Daizy . 1990 . Phytotoxic Properties of Parthenium hysterophorus , L. Ph.D. Thesis Chandigarh , , India : Panjab University .
   Google Scholar
• Dalton , B. R. , Blum , U. and Weed , S. B. 1983 . Allelopathic substances in ecosystem: effectiveness of sterile soil components in altering the recovery of ferulic acid . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 9 : 1185 – 1201 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton , B. R. , Blum , U. and Weed , S. B. 1989 . Differential sorption of exogenously applied ferulic, p -coumaric, p -hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids in soil . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 53 : 757 – 762 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dayan , F. , Romagni , J. , Tellez , M. , Rimando , A. and Duke , S. 1999 . Managing weeds with natural products . Pesticide Outlook , October : 185 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• de Candolle , M. A. P. 1832 . Physiologie Vegetale , 1474 – 1475 . Paris : Béchet Jeune, Lib., Fac. Méd. . Tome-III
   Google Scholar
• del Moral , R. and Muller , C. H. 1969 . Fogdrip : a mechanism of toxin transport from Eucalyptus camaldulensis . American Midland Naturalist , 83 : 254 – 282 .
   Google Scholar
• Devakumar , C. and Parmar , B. S. 1993 . “ Pesticides of higher plant and microbial origin ” . In Botanical and Pesticides , SPS Publication No. 4 Edited by: Parmar , B. S. and Devakumar , C. 1 – 73 . New Delhi : Society of Pesticide Science, India and Westvill Publishing House .
   Google Scholar
• Devi , S. R. , Pellissier , F. and Prasad , M. N. V. 1997 . “ Allelochemicals ” . In Plant Eco-physiology , Edited by: Prasad , M. N.V. 253 – 303 . New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Devine , M. , Duke , S. O. and Fedtke , C. 1993 . Physiology of Herbicide Action , Englewood Cliffs , New Jersey : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Dilday , R. H. , Yan , W. G. , Moldenhauer , K. A. K. and Gravois , K. A. Allelopath-ic activity of rice for controlling major aquatic weeds. In Allelopathy in Rice . Proceedings of the workshop on Allelopathy in rice . Edited by: Olofsdotter , M. pp. 7 – 26 . Manila , , Philippines : International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) .
   Google Scholar
• Dixon , R. A. 1999 . “ Isoflavonoids: biochemistry, molecular biology, and biological functions ” . In Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry , Edited by: Sankawa , U. Vol. 1 , 773 – 823 . Netherlands : Elsevier Sci. .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , S. O. , Rimando , A. M. , Duke , M. V. , Paul , R. N. , Ferreira , J. E. S. and Smeda , R. J. 1999 . “ Sequestration of phytotoxins by plants: implications for biosynthetic production ” . In Biologically Active Natural Products: Agrochemicals , Edited by: Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. 127 – 136 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , S. O. , Dayan , F. E. , Hernández , A. , Duke , M. V. and Abbas , H. K. Natural products as leads for new herbicide modes of action . Proceedings of The 1997 Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds . Edited by: Pallett , K. E. Vol. 2 , pp. 579 – 586 . Farnham , , UK : British Crop Protection Council .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , S. O. , Dayan , F. E. and Rimando , A. Natural products as tools for weed management . Proceedings of Special Lecture Meeting on “Recent Topics of Weed Science and Weed Technology,” . pp. 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , S. O. , Dayan , F. E. , Romagni , J. G. and Rimando , A. M. 2000 . Natural products as sources of herbicides: current status and future trends . Weed Research , 40 : 99 – 111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duke , S. O. , Abbas , H. K. , Duke , M. V. , Lee , H. J. , Vaughn , H J.K.C. , Amagasa , T. and Tanaka , T. 1996a . Microbial phytotoxins as potential herbicides . Journal of Environment Science and Health , B31 : 427 – 434 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duke , S. O. , Abbas , H. K. , Amagasa , T. and Tanaka , T. 1996b . “ Phytotoxins of micro-bial origin with the potential for use as herbicides ” . In Crop Protection Agents from Nature: Natural Products and Analogues. Critical Reviews on Applied Chemistry , Edited by: Copping , L. G. Vol. 35 , 82 – 113 . Cambridge , , UK : Society for Chemical Industries .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , S. O. , Vaughn , K. C. , Groom , E. M. and Elsholy , H. N. 1987 . Artemisinin, a constituent of annual wormwood (Artemisia annua) is a selective phytotoxin . Weed Science , 35 : 499 – 505 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einhellig , F. A. 1985a . “ Effect of allelopathic chemicals on crop productivity ” . In Bioregulators for Pest Control , ACS Symposium Series 276 Edited by: Hedin , P. A. 109 – 132 . Washington , DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Einhellig , F. A. 1985b . “ Allelopathy-a natural protection, allelochemicals ” . In Handbook of Natural Pesticides: Methods. Vol. 1. Theory, Protection and Detection , Edited by: Mandava , N. B. 161 – 200 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Einhellig , F. A. 1989 . “ Interactive effects of allelochemicals and environmental stress ” . In Phytochemical Ecology: Allelochemicals, Mycotoxins, Insect Phero-mones and Allomones , Academia Sinica Monograph No. 9 Edited by: Chou , C. H. and Waller , G. R. 101 – 118 . Taipei , , Taiwan : Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica .
   Google Scholar
• Einhellig , F. A. 1995 . “ Allelopathy : Current status and future goals ” . In Allelopathy: Organisms Processes and Applications , ACS Symposium Series 582 Edited by: Inderjit , K. M. , Dakshini , M. and Einhellig , F. A. 1 – 24 . Washington , DC : American Chemical Society, Washington .
   Google Scholar
• Einhellig , F. A. 1996 . Interactions involving allelopathy in cropping systems . Agronomy Journal , 88 : 886 – 893 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einhellig , F. A. and Souza , I. F. 1992 . Phytotoxicity of sorgoleone found in grain sorghum root exudates . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 18 : 1 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis , B. E. 1997 . “ Metabolism of defense and communication ” . In Plant Metabolism , Edited by: Dennis , D. T. , Turpin , D. H. , Lefebvere , D. D. and Layzell , D. B. 148 – 160 . Essex , , UK : Addison Wesley Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Endo , K. , Kanno , E. and Oshima , Y. 1990 . Structures of antifungal diarylhepte-nones, gingerenones A, B, C and isogingerenone B, isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale . Phytochemistry , 29 : 797 – 799 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evidente , A. , Andolfi , A. , Vurro , M. , Zonno , M. C. and Motto , A. 2000 . Trans-4-ami-noproline, a phytotoxic metabolite with herbicide activity produced by Ascochyta Caulina . Phytochemistry , 53 : 231 – 237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Facchini , P. J. 1999 . Plant secondary metabolism out of evolutionary abyss . Trends in Plant Science , 4 : 381 – 418 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Facelli , J. M. and Pickett , S. T. A. 1991 . Plant litter: Its dynamics and effects on plant community structure . Botanical Review , 57 : 1 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fay , P. K. and Duke , W. B. 1977 . An assessment of allelopathic potential in Avena germplasm . Weed Science , 25 : 224 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer , N. H. , Williamson , G. B. , Weidenhamer , J. D. and Richardson , D. R. 1994 . In search of allelopathy in the Florida scrub: the role of terpenoids . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 20 : 1355 – 1380 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley , M. C. 1999 . Genetic approach to the development of cover crops for weed management . Journal of Crop Production , 2 ( 1 ) : 77 – 93 .
   Google Scholar
• Fredrickson , J. K. , Elliot , L. F. and Engibous , J. C. 1987 . Crops residues as substrates for host-specific inhibitory pseudomonads . Soil Biology and Biochemistry , 19 : 127 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey , M. , Chomet , P. , Glawischnig , E. , Stettner , C. , Grün , S. , Winklmair , A. , Eisenreich , W. , Bacher , A. , Meeley , R. B. , Briggs , S. P. , Simcox , K. and Alfons , G. 1997 . Analysis of a chemical plant defense mechanism in grasses . Science , 277 : 696 – 699 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuerst , E. P. and Putnam , A. R. 1983 . Separating the competitive and allelopathic components of interference: theoretical principles . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 9 : 937 – 944 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujii , Y. 1999 . “ Allelopathy of velvetbean: Determination and identification of L-DOPA as a candidate of allelopathic substances ” . In Biologically Active Natural Products: Agrochemicals , Edited by: Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. 33 – 47 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fujii , Y. , Shibuya , T. and Yasuda , T. 1991 . Discrimination of allelopathy of velvet-bean (Mucuna pruriens) with stairstep experiment and rotary greenhouse experiments . Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition , 62 : 258 – 264 . In Japanese with English summary
   Google Scholar
• Fujimoto , D. K. , Weller , D. M. and Thomashow , L. S. 1995 . “ Role of secondary metabolites in root disease suppression ” . In Allelopathy: Organisms, processes and Applications , ACS Symposium Series 582 Edited by: Inderjit , K. M. , Dakshini , M. and Einhellig , F. A. 330 – 347 . Washington , DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Gallandt , E. R. , Liebman , M. and Huggins , D. R. 1999 . Improving soil quality: implications for weed management . Journal of Crop Production , 2 ( 1 ) : 95 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• Gallet , C. and Pellissier , F. 1997 . Phenolic compounds in natural solutions of coniferous forests . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 23 : 2401 – 2412 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaspar , E. M.M. S. M. , Neves , H. J. C. and Pereira , M. M. A. 1999 . “ Triterpenoids and other potentially active compounds from wheat straw: isolation, identification, and synthesis ” . In Biologically Active Natural Products: Agrochemicals , Edited by: Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. 69 – 80 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ghewande , M. P. 1989 . Management of foliar diseases of groundnut (Arachis hypo-gaea) using plant extracts . Indian Journal of Agricultural Science , 59 : 133 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grayson , P. T. , Williams , K. S. , Freehauf , P. A. , Pease , R. R. , Ziesel , W. T. , Sereno , R. L. and Reinsfelder , R. E. 1987 . The physical and chemical properties of herbicide cinmethylin (SD 95481) . Pesticide Science , 21 : 143 – 151 .
   Google Scholar
• Grodzinsky , A. M. , ed. 1970 . Physiological-Biochemical Basis of Plant Interactions in Phytocenoses , Vol. 1–5 , Kiev : Naukova Dumka . (In Russian, with English Summary) 1974
   Google Scholar
• Grodzinsky , A. M. , ed. 1977 . Interactions of Plants and Microorganisms in Phyto-cenoses , Kiev : Naukova Dumka . (In Russian, with English Summary)
   Google Scholar
• Grümmer , G. 1955 . Die gegenseitige Beeinflussung höherer Pflanzen-Allelopathie , Jena : Fisher .
   Google Scholar
• Guenzi , W. D. and McCalla , T. M. 1966 . Phenolic acids in oats, wheat, sorghum, and corn residues and their phytotoxicity . Agronomy Journal , 58 : 303 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gullino , M. L. , Leroux , P. and Smith , C. M. 2000 . Uses and challenges of novel compounds for plant disease control . Crop Protection , 19 : 1 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunasekaran , M. , Ramadoss , N. , Ramiajh , M. , Bhaskaran , P. and Ramananthan , T. 1986 . Role of neem cake in the control of Thanjavaran wilt of coconut . Indian Coconut Journal , 17 : 7 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Haider , K. , Martin , J. P. and Rietz , E. 1977 . Decomposition in soil of 14C-labeled coumaryl alcohols: free and linked into dehydropolymer and plant lignins and model humic acids . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 41 : 556 – 562 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halbrendt , J. M. 1996 . Allelopathy in the management of plant-parasitic nematodes . Journal of Nematology , 28 : 8 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , A. B. , Blum , U. and Fites , R. C. 1982 . Stress modification of Helianthus annuus L. debris on seed germination . American Journal of Botany , 69 : 776 – 783 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson , A. D. , Traynor , P. L. , Ditz , K. M. and Reicosky , D. A. 1981 . Gramine in barley forage-effects of genotype and environment . Crop Science , 21 : 726 – 730 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harborne , J. B. 1989 . Introduction to Biochemical Ecology , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harper , J. L. 1977 . Population Biology of Plants , London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , D. and Natrajan , M. 1987 . Physiological basis for yield advantages in a sorghum/groundnut intercrop exposed to drought. II. Plant temperature, water stress and components of field . Field Crop Research , 17 : 213 – 288 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heisey , R. M. 1996 . Identification of an allelopathic compound from Ailanthus altissima (Simaroubaceae) and characterization of its herbicidal activity . American Journal of Botany , 83 : 192 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heisey , R. M. and Putnam , A. R. 1986 . Herbicidal effects of geldanamycin and nigericin, antibiotics from Streptomyces hygroscopicus . Journal of Natural Products , 49 : 859 – 865 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heisey , R. M. , Mishra , S. K. , Putnam , A. R. , Miller , J. R. , Whitenack , C. J. , Keller , J. E. and Huang , J. 1988 . “ Production of herbicidal and insecticidal metabolites by soil microorganisms ” . In Biologically Active Natural Products, Potential Use in Agriculture , ACS Symposium Series 380 Edited by: Cutler , H. G. 65 – 78 . Washington , DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , R. A. , Eden , M. A. , Cutler , H. G. , Elmer , P. A. G. , Reglinski , T. and Parker , S. R. 1999 . “ Practical natural solutions for plant disease control ” . In Biologically Active Natural Products: Agrochemicals , Edited by: Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. 201 – 210 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hoagland , R. E. 1990 . “ Microbes and microbial products as herbicides: an overview ” . In Microbes and Microbial Products as Herbicides , ACS Symposium Series 439 Edited by: Hoagland , R. E. 2 – 52 . Washington , DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Hoagland , R. E. 1999 . “ Biochemical interactions of the microbial phytotoxin phos-phinothricin and analogs with plants and animals ” . In Biologically Active Natural Products: Agrochemicals , Edited by: Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. 107 – 125 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hoult , A. H. C. and Lovett , J. V. 1993 . Biologically active secondary metabolites of barley. III. A method for identification and quantification of hordenine and gramine in barley by high-performance liquid chromatography . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 19 : 2245 – 2254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , J. , Putnam , A. R. , Werner , G. M. , Mishra , S. K. and Whitenack , C. 1989 . Herbicidal metabolites from a soil dwelling fungus (Scopulariopsis brumptii) . Weed Science , 37 : 123 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inderjit , Dakshini K.M. M. and Foy , C. L. 1999 . Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology: Allelochemical Interactions , 589 Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Inderjit , Dakshini K.M. M. and Einhellig , F. A. 1995 . Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes and Applications , ACS Symposium Series 582 389 Washington , DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Jain , R. K. and Hassan , M. 1985 . Toxicity of koo-babool (Leucaena leucocephala L.) extracts to Meloidogyne incognita and Helicotyulenchus dihystera . Indian Journal of Nematology , 14 : 179 – 189 .
   Google Scholar
• Jansen , R. C. 1996 . Complex plant traits: time for polygenic analysis . Trends in Plant Science , 1 : 89 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeyarajan , R. , Doraiswamy , S. , Bhaskaran , R. and Jayaraj , S. 1987 . “ Effect of neem and other products in the management of plant diseases in India ” . In natural Pesticides from the Neem Tree and Other Tropical Plants , Edited by: Schumutterer , H. and Ascher , K. R.S. 635 – 644 . Germany : GTZ, Eschborn .
   Google Scholar
• Jordan , N. 1993 . Prospects for weed control through crop interference . Ecological Applications , 3 : 84 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalburtji , K. L. and Gagianas , A. 1997 . Effect of sugarbeet as a preceding crop on cotton . Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science , 178 : 59 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katznelson , J. 1972 . Studies on clover soil sickness. 1. The phenomenon of soil sickness in berseem and Persian clover . Plant and Soil , 36 : 379 – 393 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelsey , R. G. and Locken , I. J. 1987 . Phytotoxic properties of cnicin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Centaurea maculosa (spotted knapweed) . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 13 : 19 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khambay , B. P. S. , Batty , D. , Beddie , D. G. , Denholm , I. and Cahill , M. R. 1997a . A new group of plant-derived naphthoquinone pesticides . Pesticide Science , 50 : 291 – 296 .
   Google Scholar
• Khambay , B. P. S. , Beddie , D. G. and Simmonds , M. S. J. 1997b . “ In pursuit of insecti-cidal compounds from plants ” . In Phytochemicals Diversity-A Source of New Industrial Products , Edited by: Wrigley , S. , Hayes , M. , Thomas , R. and Crystal , E. 158 – 169 . Cambridge , , UK : The Royal Society of Chemistry .
   Google Scholar
• Kimber , R. W. L. 1973 . Phytotoxicity from plant residues. III. The relative effect of toxins and nitrogen immobilization on the germination and growth of wheat . Plant and Soil , 38 : 543 – 555 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkegaard , J. A. , Wong , P. T. W. and Desmarchelier , J. M. 1996 . In vitro suppression of fungal root pathogen of cereals by Brassica tissues . Plant Pathology , 45 : 593 – 603 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kishore , N. and Dwivedi , R. S. 1991 . Fungitoxicity of the essential oil of Tagetes erecta L. against Pythium aphanidermatum Fitz. the damping off pathogen . Flavour and Fragrance Journal , 6 : 291 – 294 .
   Google Scholar
• Koeppe , D. E. , Southwick , L. M. and Bittell , J. E. 1976 . The relationship of tissue chlorogenic acid concentrations and leaching of phenolics from sunflowers grown under varying phosphate nutrient conditions . Canadian Journal of Botany , 54 : 593 – 599 .
   Google Scholar
• Kohli , R. K. 1990 . Allelopathic Potential of Eucalyptus , India : MAB-DOEn Project . Project Report
   Google Scholar
• Kohli , R. K. 1993 . Allelopathic Impact of Sunflower on Weeds and Crops of Punjab , India : Punjab State Council for Science and Technology . Project report
   Google Scholar
• Kohli , R. K. 1997 . Ageratum Caused Threat to Plant Diversity , India : MAB-DOEn Project . Project Report
   Google Scholar
• Kohli , R. K. , Batish , D. and Singh , H. P. 1998a . Allelopathy and its implications in Agroecosystems . Journal of Crop Production , 1 : 169 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• Kohli , R. K. , Singh , D. and Verma , R. C. 1990 . Influence of eucalypt shelterbelt on winter season agroecosystems . Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment , 33 : 23 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohli , R. K. and Batish , D. R. 1994 . Exhibition of allelopathy by Parthenium hyster-ophorus in agroecosystems . Tropical Ecology , 35 : 295 – 307 .
   Google Scholar
• Kohli , R. K. , Batish , D. R. and Singh , H. P. 1998b . Eucalypt oils for the control of parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) . Crop Protection , 17 : 119 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohli , R. K. , Batish , D. R. , Singh , H. P. and Arora , V. 1999 . Allelopathy as a tool for weed and pest management . Journal of Punjab Academy of Sciences , 1 : 127 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• Koul , O. , Isman , M. B. and Ketkar , M. 1990 . Properties and uses of neem Azadi-rachta indica . Canadian Journal of Botany , 68 : 1 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Krishnan , G. , Holshouser , D. L. and Nissen , S. J. 1998 . Weed control in soybean (Soybean max) with green manure crops . Weed Technology , 12 : 97 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuo , Y. L. , Chou , C. H. and Hu , T. W. 1983 . “ Allelopathic potential of Leucaena leucocephala. ” . In Allelochemicals and Pheromones , Academia Sinica Monograph Series no. 5 Edited by: Chou , C. H. and Waller , G. R. 107 – 119 . Taipei , , Taiwan : ROC: Acade-mia Sinica .
   Google Scholar
• Kutchan , T. M. 1997 . Natural product munitions-new prospects for plant protection . Research News , 2 : 449 – 450 .
   Google Scholar
• Lambert , J. D. H. , Campbell , G. , Arnason , J. T. and Majak , W. 1991 . Herbicidal properties of alpha-terthienyl, a naturally occurring phytotoxin . Canadian Journal of Plant Science , 71 : 215 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazzeri , L. , Tacconi , R. and Palmieri , S. 1993 . In vitro activity of some glucosino-lates and their reaction products toward the population of nematode Heterodera schachtii . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 41 : 825 – 829 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leather , G. R. 1983 . Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) are allelopathic to weeds . Weed Science , 31 : 37 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leather , G. R. 1987 . Weed control using allelopathic sunflowers and herbicide . Plant and Soil , 98 : 17 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , D. L. , Prisbylla , M. P. , Cromartie , T. H. , Dagarin , D. P. , Howard , S. W. , Provan , W. M. , Ellis , M. K. , Fraser , T. and Mutter , L. C. 1997 . The discovery and structural requirements of inhibitors of p- hydroxypyruvate dioxygenase . Weed Science , 45 : 601 – 609 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehman , M. E. , Blum , U. and Gerig , T. M. 1994 . Simultaneous effects of ferulic and p -coumaric acids on cucumber leaf expansion in split-root experiments . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 20 : 1773 – 1782 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitt , J. , Lovett , J. V. and Garlick , P. R. 1984 . Effect of allelochemicals of Datura stramonium L. (Thorn-apple) on root tip ultrastructure of Helianthus annuus L . New Phytologist , 97 : 217 – 218 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenstein , E. P. , Morgan , D. G. and Mueller , C. H. 1964 . Naturally occurring insecticides in cruciferous tissue . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 12 : 158 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebl , R. , Simmons , F. W. , Wax , L. M. and Stoller , E. W. 1992 . Effect of rye (Secale cereale) mulch on weed control and soil moisture in soybeans (Glycine max) . Weed Technology , 6 : 838 – 846 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lodhi , M. A. K. , Bilal , R. and Malik , K. A. 1987 . Allelopathy in agroecosystems: wheat phytotoxicity and its possible roles in crop rotation . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 13 : 1881 – 1891 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovett , M. 1994 . Fishing for complements: Finding genes by direct selection . Trends in Genetics , 10 : 352 – 357 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch , J. M. and Penn , D. J. 1980 . Damaged to cereals caused by decaying weed residues . Journal of Science Food and Agriculture , 310 : 321 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macias , F. A. 1995 . “ Allelopathy in the search for natural herbicide models ” . In Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes, and Applications , ACS Symposium No. 582 Edited by: Inderjit , K. M. , Dakshini , M. and Einhellig , F. A. 310 – 329 . Washington , D. C. : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Macías , F. A. , Castellano , D. , Oliva , R. M. , Cross , P. and Torres , A. Potential use of allelopathic agents as natural agrochemical . Proceedings of the 1997 Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds . Edited by: Copping , L. Vol. 1 , pp. 33 – 38 . Farnham , , UK : British Crop Protection Council .
   Google Scholar
• Macías , F. A. , Galindo , J. C.B. , Molinillo , J. M.G. and Cutler , H. G. , eds. 1999a . Recent Advances in Allelopathy Vol. 1. A Science for the Future , 514 Spain : Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Cádiz .
   Google Scholar
• Macias , F. A. , Molinillo , J. M. G. , Galindo , J. C. G. , Varela , R. M. , Torres , A. and Simonet , A. M. 1999b . “ Terpenoids as potential use as natural herbicide templates ” . In Biologically Active Natural Products: Agrochemicals , Edited by: Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. 15 – 31 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Malik , R. S. and Sharma , K. 1990 . Moisture extraction and crop yield as function of distance from a row of Eucalyptus tereticornis . Agroforestry Systems , 12 : 187 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , J. P. and Haider , K. 1976 . Decomposition of specifically carbob-14-labeled ferulic acid: free and linked into model humic acid type polymers . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 40 : 377 – 380 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason-Sedun , W. , Jessop , R. S. and Lovett , J. V. 1986 . Differential phytotoxicity among species and cultivars of the genus Brassica to wheat. 1. Laboratory and field screening of species . Plant and Soil , 93 : 3 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massantini , F. , Caporali , F. and Zellini , G. 1977 . Evidence for allelopathic control of weed in lines of soybeans . Proceedings of the EWRS Symposium Methods of Weed Control and Their Integration , 1 : 20 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• McCloskey , W. B. and Holt , J. S. 1990 . Triazine resistance in Senecio vulgaris parental and nearly isonuclear backcrossed biotypes is correlated with reduced productivity . Plant Physiology , 92 : 954 – 962 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menetrez , M. L. , Spurr , H. W. Jr. , Danehower , D. A. and Lawson , D. R. 1990 . Influence of tobacco leaf surface chemicals on Peronospora tabacina Adam sporangia . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 16 : 1565 – 1576 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , D. A. 1983 . Allelopathic effects of alfalfa . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 9 : 1059 – 1072 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , D. A. 1996 . Allelopathy in forage crop systems . Agronomy Journal , 88 : 854 – 859 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R. E. 1989 . Biosynthesis of rhizobitoxine from L-aspartic acid and L-threo-hydroxythreonine by Pseudomonas andropogonis . Phytochemistry , 28 : 1617 – 1620 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizutani , J. 1991 . Plant ecochemicals . Journal of Pesticide Science , 16 : 679 – 686 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizutani , J. 1999 . Selected allelochemicals . Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences , 18 : 653 – 671 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mojtahedi , H. , Santo , G. S. , Hang , A. N. and Wilson , J. H. 1991 . Suppression of root-knot nematode populations with selected rapeseed cultivars as green manure . Journal of Nematology , 23 : 170 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mojtahedi , H. , Santo , G. S. , Wilson , J. H. and Hang , A. N. 1993 . Managing Meloido-gyne chitwoodi on potato with rapeseed as green manure . Plant Disease , 77 : 42 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molisch , H. 1937 . Der Einfluss einer Pflanze auf die andere-Allelopathie , Jena : Fischer .
   Google Scholar
• Muller , C. H. 1965 . Inhibitory terpenes volatilized from Salvia shrubs . Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , 92 : 38 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Muller , C. H. 1966 . The role of chemical inhibition (allelopathy) in vegetational composition . Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , 93 : 332 – 351 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller , C. H. , Muller , W. H. and Haines , B. L. 1964 . Volatile growth inhibitors produced by shrubs . Science , 143 : 471 – 473 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller-Schärer , H. , Scheepens , P. C. and Greaves , M. P. 2000 . Biological control of weeds in European crops: recent achievements and future works . Weed Research , 40 : 83 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narwal , S. S. , ed. 1999a . Allelopathy Update: Basic and Applied Aspects , NY : Science Publishers, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Narwal , S. S. 1999b . “ Smothering crops as in weeds management: preliminary studies ” . In Recent Advances in Allelopathy Vol. 1. A Science for the Future , Edited by: Macías , F. A. , Galindo , J. C.B. , Molinillo , J. M.G. and Cutler , H. G. 365 – 382 . Spain : Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Cádiz .
   Google Scholar
• Narwal , S. S. and Tauro , P. 1994 . Allelopathy in Agriculture and Forestry , Jodhpur , , India : Scientific Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Newman , E. I. 1978 . “ Allelopathy: Adaptation or Accident? ” . In Biochemical Aspects of Plant and Animal Co-evolution , Edited by: Harborne , J. B. 327 – 342 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson , M. C. , Gallet , C. and Wallstedt , A. 1998 . Temporal variability of phenolics and batatasin. III in Empetrum hermaphroditum leaves over an eight-year period: interpretations of ecological function . Oikos , 81 : 6 – 16 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oerke , E. C. , Dhene , H. W. , Schonbeck , F. and Weber , A. 1994 . Crop Protection and Crop Production , Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Oleszek , W. 1987 . Allelopathic effects of volatiles from some cruciferae species on lettuce, barnyard grass and wheat growth . Plant and Soil , 102 : 271 – 273 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oleszek , W. 1999 . “ Allelopathic significance of plant saponins ” . In Recent Advances in Allelopathy Vol. 1. A Science for the Future , Edited by: Macías , F. A. , Galindo , J. C.B. , Molinillo , J. M.G. and Cutler , H. G. 167 – 178 . Spain : Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Cádiz .
   Google Scholar
• Oleszek , W. , Price , K. R. , Colquhoun , I. J. , Jurzysta , M. , Polszynski , M. and Fenwick , G. R. 1990 . Isolation and identification of alfalfa root saponins: their activity in relation to fungal bioassay . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 38 : 1810 – 1817 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oleszek , W. and Jurzysta , M. 1987 . The allelopathic potential of alfalfa root medi-cagenic acid glycosides and their fate in soil environment . Plant and Soil , 98 : 67 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oleszek , W. , Hoagland , R. E. and Zablotowicz , R. M. 1999 . “ Ecological significance of plant saponins ” . In Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology: Allelochemical Interactions , Edited by: Inderjit , K. M. , Dakshini , M. and Foy , C. L. 451 – 465 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Olivier , C. , Vaughn , S. F. , Mizubuti , E. S. G. and Loria , R. 1999 . Variation in allyl isothiocyanate production within Brassica species and correlation with fungicidal activity . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 25 : 2687 – 2701 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olofsdotter , M. 1998 . “ Allelopathy for weed control in organic farming ” . In Sustainable Agriculture for Food, Energy and Industry–Strategies Towards Achievement , Edited by: El-Bassam , N. , Behl , R. K. and Prochnow , B. 453 – 457 . London , , UK : James and James, (Science Publishers) Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• Olofsdotter , M. , Navarez , D. and Moody , K. 1995 . Allelopathic potential in rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm . Annals of Applied Biology , 127 : 543 – 560 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olofsdotter , M. , Navarez , D. , Rebulanan , M. and Streibig , J. C. 1999 . Weed suppressing rice cultivars-does allelopathy play a role . Weed Research , 39 : 441 – 454 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong , C. K. 1991 . “ A framework for quantifying the various effects of tree-crop interactions ” . In Tree-Crop Interactions , Edited by: Ong , C. K. and Huxley , P. 1 – 23 . Wallingford , , UK : CAB International .
   Google Scholar
• Owens , L. D. , Thompson , J. F. and Fennessey , P. V. 1972 . Dihydrorhizobitoxine, a new ether amino-acid from Rhizobium japonicum . Journal of Chemical Society, Chemical Communications , 1972 : 715
   Google Scholar
• Pandey , D. K. 1996 . Phytotoxicity of sesquiterpene lactone parthenin on aquatic weeds . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 22 : 151 – 160 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papavizas , G. C. and Lewis , J. A. 1971 . Effect of amendments on fungicides on Aphanomyces root rot of peas . Phytopathology , 61 : 215 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , Y. G. and Choi , M. S. 1999 . “ Allelopathic effects for cork tree (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) on microorganisms growth ” . In Recent Advances in Allelopathy Vo l . 1. A Science for the Future , Edited by: Macías , F. A. , Galindo , J. C.B. , Molinillo , J. M.G. and Cutler , H. G. 81 – 88 . Spain : Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Cádiz .
   Google Scholar
• Parker , S. R. , Hill , R. A. and Cutler , H. G. 1999 . “ Spectrum of activity of antifungal natural products and their analogues ” . In Biologically Active Natural Products: Agrochemicals , Edited by: Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. 175 – 183 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Peirce , L. C. and Colby , L. W. 1987 . Interaction of asparagus-root filtrate with Fusa-rium oxysporium f. sp. asparagi . Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science , 112 : 35 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellissier , F. 1993 . Allelopathic effect of phenolic acids from humic solutions on two spruce mycorrhizal fungi Cenococcum graniforme and Laccaria laccata . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 19 : 2105 – 2114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellissier , F. 1998 . The role of soil community in plant population dynamics: is allelopathy a key component? . Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 13 : 407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellissier , F. and Souto , X. C. 1999 . Allelopathy in northern temperate and boreal semi-natural woodland . Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences , 18 : 637 – 652 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plinius Secundus , C. and I. A. D . Natural History , Edited by: Rackam , H. , Jones , W. H.S. and Eichholz , D. E. 10 Vols , 1938 – 1963 . Cambridge , Massachusetts : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pryor , D. E. , Walker , J. C. and Stahmann , M. A. 1940 . Toxicity of allyl isothiocya-nate vapor to certain fungi . American Journal of Botany , 27 : 30 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Pue , K. J. , Blum , U. , Gerig , T. M. and Shafer , R. 1995 . Mechanism by which non-inhibitory concentrations of glucose increase inhibitory activity of p -coumaric acid on morning-glory seedling biomass accumulation . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 21 : 833 – 847 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam , A. R. 1988 . Allelochemicals from plants as herbicides . Weed Technology , 2 : 510 – 518 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam , A. R. and Tang , C. S. 1986 . The Science of Allelopathy , 317 USA : John Wiley and Sons, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , A. R. and Weston , L. A. 1986 . “ Adverse impacts of allelopathy in agricultural systems ” . In The Science of Allelopathy , Edited by: Putnam , A. R. and Tang , C. S. 43 – 56 . USA : John Wiley and Sons. Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , A. R. and Duke , W. B. 1978 . Allelopathy in agroecosystems . Annual review of Phytopathology , 16 : 431 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam , A. R. , DeFrank , J. and Barnes , J. P. 1983 . Exploitation of allelopathy for weed control in annual and perennial cropping systems . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 9 : 1001 – 1010 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qasem , J. R. 1993 . Allelopathic effect of nettle-leaved goosefoot (Chenopodium murale) on wheat and barley . Dirasat , 20B : 80 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Qasem , J. R. 1996a . Fungicidal activity of Ranunculus asiaticus and other weeds against Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici . Annals of Applied Biology , 128 : 533 – 540 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qasem , J. R. 1996b . Aqueous extract effects of some common weed species against certain plant pathogenic fungi . ACTES, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary, (Maroc) , 16 : 11 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Qasem , J. R. 1999 . “ Biological activity of corn buttercup (Ranunculus arvensis L.) ” . In Recent Advances in Allelopathy Vol. 1. A Science for the Future , Edited by: Macías , F. A. , Galindo , J. C.B. , Molinillo , J. M.G. and Cutler , H. G. 287 – 300 . Spain : Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Cádiz .
   Google Scholar
• Qasem , J. R. and Abu-Blan , H. A. 1995 . Antifungal activity of aqueous extracts from some common weed species . Annals of Applied Biology , 127 : 215 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qasem , J. R. and Abu-Blan , H. A. 1996 . Fungicidal activity of some common weed extract against different plant pathogenic fungi . Journal of Phytopathology , 144 : 157 – 161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qasem , J. R. and Hill , T. A. 1989 . Possible role of allelopathy in the competition between tomato, Senecio vulgaris L. and Chenopodium album L . Weed Research , 29 : 349 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi , I. H. , Ahmed , S. and Kapadia , Z. 1989 . Antimicrobial activity of Salvia splendens . Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research , 32 : 597 – 599 .
   Google Scholar
• Ralhan , P. K. , Singh , A. and Dhanda , R. S. 1992 . Performance of wheat as intercrop under poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr.) plantations in Punjab (India) . Agroforestry Systems , 19 : 217 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao , M. R. , Nair , P. K. R. and Ong , C. K. 1997 . Biophysical interactions in tropical agroforestry system . Agroforestry Systems , 38 : 3 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reigosa , M. J. , Sánchez-Moreiras , A. and González , L. 1999 . Ecophysiological approach in allelopathy . Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences , 18 : 577 – 608 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy , K. C. , Soffes , A. R. , Prine , G. M. and Dunn , R. A. 1986 . Tropical legumes for green manure. II. Nematode populations and their effects on succeeding crop yields . Agronomy Journal , 78 : 5 – 10 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rietveld , W. J. 1983 . Allelopathic effects of juglone on germination and growth of several herbaceous and woody species . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 9 : 295 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , E. L. 1984 . Allelopathy , 2nd edition , 422 Orlando , Florida : Academic Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Rice , E. L. 1995 . Biological Control of Weeds and Plant Diseases-Advances in Applied Allelopathy , 439 Norman , , USA : University of Oklahoma Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rizvi , S. J. H. , Mukerji , D. and Mathur , S. N. 1980 . A new report on a possible source of natural herbicide . Indian Journal of Experimental Biology , 18 : 777 – 778 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizvi , S. J. H. , Tahir , M. , Rizvi , V. , Kohli , R. K. and Ansari , A. 1999 . Allelopathic interaction Agroforestry systems . Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences , 18 : 773 – 796 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizvi , S. J. H. , Sinha , R. C. and Rizvi , V. 1990 . Implications of mimosine allelopathy in agroforestry . Proceedings IUFRO XIX World Congress of Forestry , 2 : 22 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Rizvi , S. J. H. , Jaiswal , V. , Mukerji , D. and Mathur , S. N. 1980 . Antifungal properties of 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine isolated from Coffea arabica . Naturwissenschaften , 67 : 459 – 460 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizvi , S. J.H. and Rizvi , V. , eds. 1992 . Allelopathy: Basic and Applied Aspects , London : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Robbins , W. W. , Crafts , A. S. and Raynor , R. N. 1942 . Weed Control-A Textbook and Manual , New York , NY : McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Romagni , J. G. , Allen , S. N. and Dayan , F. E. 2000 . Allelopathic effects of volatile cineoles on two weedy plant species . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 26 : 303 – 313 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salama , A.-A. M. , Ismail , I. M. K. , Ali , M. I. A. and Ouf , S. A.-E. 1988 . Possible control of white rot disease of onions caused by Sclerotium cepivorum through soil amendments with Eucalyptus rostrata leaves . Revista Ecological Biological Sciences , 25 : 305 – 314 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarmah , M. K. , Narwal , S. S. and Yadav , J. S. Smothering effect of Brassica species on weeds . proceedings of First National Symposium on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems . Edited by: Tauro , P. and Narwal , S. S. pp. 51 – 55 . Hisar : Indian Society of Allelopathy .
   Google Scholar
• Sauerborn , J. 1999 . Legumes used for weed control in agro-ecosystems in the tropics . Plant Research and Development , 50 : 74 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Saxena , D. B. , Dureja , P. , Kumar , B. , Rani , D. and Kohli , R. K. 1991 . Modification of parthenin . Indian Journal of Chemistry , 30B : 849 – 858 .
   Google Scholar
• Saxena , R. C. , Khan , Z. R. and Bajet , N. B. 1985 . Neem seed derivatives for preventing ice tungro virus transmission by the green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens (Distant). Pihl . Phytopathology , 21 : 88 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Schippers , B. , Bakker , A. W. and Bakker , P. A.H. M. 1987 . Interactions of deleterious and beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms and the effect of cropping practices . Annual Review of Phytopathology , 25 : 339 – 358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreiber , M. M. 1992 . Influence of tillage, crop rotation, and weed management on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) population dynamics and corn yield . Weed Science , 40 : 645 – 653 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreiner , O. and Reed , H. S. 1907 . The production of deleterious excretions by roots . Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , 34 : 279 – 303 .
   Google Scholar
• Schreiner , O. and Reed , H. S. 1908 . The toxic action of certain organic plant constituents . Botanical Gazette , 45 : 73 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Schumacher , W. , Thill , D. and Lee , G. 1983 . Allelopathic potential of wild oat (Avena fatua) on spring wheat . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 9 : 1235 – 1246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumutterer , H. , ed. 1995 . The Neem Tree , Weinheim , FRG : VCH Verlags-gesellschaft .
   Google Scholar
• Seigler , D. S. 1996 . Chemistry and mechanism of allelopathic interactions . Agronomy Journal , 88 : 876 – 885 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shilling , D. G. , Liebl , R. A. and Worsham , A. D. 1985 . “ Rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mulch: The suppression of certain broadleaf weeds and the isolation and identification of phytotoxins ” . In The Chemistry of Allelopathy , ACS Symposium Series 268 Edited by: Thompson , A. C. 243 – 271 . Washington , DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , H. P. , Batish , D. R. and Kohli , R. K. 1999a . Autotoxicity: concept, organisms and ecological significance . Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences , 18 : 757 – 772 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , H. P. , Batish , D. R. and Kohli , R. K. 1999b . Allelopathic effects of Leucaena leucocephala on Zea mays . Journal of Tropical Forest Science , 11 : 801 – 808 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , D. and Kohli , R. K. 1992 . Impact of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. shelterbelts . Agroforestry Systems , 20 : 253 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , H. P. , Kohli , R. K. and Batish , D. R. 1998 . Shelter effects of poplar (Populus deltoides) on growth and yield of wheat in North India . Agroforestry Systems , 40 : 207 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , H. P. , Kohli , R. K. and Batish , D. R. 1999 . Impact of Populus deltoides and Dalbergia sissoo shelterbelts on wheat-a comparative study . International Tree Crops Journal , 10 : 51 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , M. , Tamma , R. V. and Nigg , H. N. 1989 . HPLC identification of allelopathic compounds from Lantana camara . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 15 : 81 – 89 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , R. K. and Dwivedi , R. S. 1990 . Fungicidal properties of neem and blue gum against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc, a foot-rot pathogen of barley . Acta Botanica Indica , 18 : 260 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , U. P. , Chauhan , V. B. , Wagner , K. G. and Kumar , A. 1992 . Effect of ajoene, a compound derived from garlic (Allium sativum), on Phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajana . Mycologia , 84 : 105 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivastava , K. K. , Gupta , P. K. , Tripathi , Y. C. and Sarvate , R. 1997 . Antifungal activity of plant products on spermoplane fungi of Azadirachta indica (Neem) seeds . Indian Forester , 1223 : 157 – 161 .
   Google Scholar
• Stutte , G. W. 1999 . “ Phytochemicals. Implications for long-duration space missions ” . In Biologically Active Natural Products: Agrochemicals , Edited by: Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. 275 – 286 . Boca Raton , Florida : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sugawara , F. and Strobel , G. 1986 . (−)-Dihydroperenophorin, a novel and selective phytotoxin produced by Drechslera avenae . Plant Science , 43 : 1 – 5 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suslow , T. V. and Schroth , M. N. 1982 . Role of deleterious rhizobacteria as minor pathogens in reducing crop growth . Phytopathology , 72 : 111 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanton , C. J. and Murphy , S. D. 1996 . Weed Science beyond the weeds: the role of integrated weed management (IWM) in agroecosystem health . Weed Science , 44 : 437 – 445 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taiz , L. and Zeiger , E. 1998 . Plant Physiology , 2nd edition , Sunderland , Massachusetts : Sinauer Associates, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Teasdale , J. R. 1996 . Contributions of cover crops to weed management in sustainable agricultural systems . Journal of Production Agriculture , 9 : 475 – 479 .
   Google Scholar
• Theophrastus (ca 300BC) . 1916 . Enquiry into Plants and Minor Works on Odours and Weather Signs Edited by: Hort , A. and Heinemann , W. 2 Vols , London
   Google Scholar
• Thijs , H. , Shann , J. R. and Weidenhamer , J. D. 1994 . The effect of phytotoxins on competitive out come in a model system . Ecology , 75 : 1959 – 1964 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , A. C. , ed. 1985 . The Chemistry of Allelopathy , ACS Symposium Series 268 Washington , DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Thorne , R. L. Z. , Waller , G. R. , McPherson , J. K. , Krezer , D. G. Jr. and Young , C. C. 1990 . Autotoxic effects of old and new wheat straw in conventional-tillage and no-tillage wheat . Botanical Bulletin of the Academia Sinica , 31 : 35 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tronocorn , N. M. , Ferraz , S. , Santos , J. M. and Regazzy , A. J. 1986 . Evaluation of effect of coffee bean straw castings mixed with the soil on the development of Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi 1887 in coffee seedlings . Nematologica Brasilica , 10 : 85 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Turco , R. F. , Bischoff , M. , Breakwell , D. P. and Griffith , D. R. 1990 . Contribution of soil-borne bacteria to the rotation effect in corn . Plant and Soil , 122 : 115 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughn , S. F. 1999 . “ Glucosinolates as natural pesticides ” . In Biologically Active Natural Products: Agrochemicals , Edited by: Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. 81 – 94 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Waksman , S. A. 1937 . Soil deterioration and soil conservation from the viewpoint of soil microbiology . Journal of American Society of Agronomy , 29 : 113 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Walker , J. C. , Morell , S. and Foster , H. H. 1937 . Toxicity of mustard oils and related sulphur compounds to certain fungi . American Journal of Botany , 24 : 536 – 541 .
   Google Scholar
• Waller , G. R. 1987 . Allelochemicals: Role in Agriculture and Forestry , ACS Symposium Series No. 330 606 Washington , DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Waller , G. R. 1999 . “ Recent advances in saponins used in foods, agriculture, and medicine ” . In Biologically Active Natural Products: Agrochemicals , Edited by: Cutler , H. G. and Cutler , S. J. 243 – 274 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Waller , G. R. , Jurzysta , M. and Thorne , R. L. Z. 1993 . Allelopathic activity of root saponins from alfalfa (Medicago sativa) against weeds and wheat . Botanical Bulletin of the Academia Sinica , 34 : 1 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waller , G. R. , Feng , M.-C. and Fujii , Y. 1999 . “ Biochemical analysis of allelopathic compounds: Plants, microorganisms and soil secondary metabolites ” . In Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology: Allelochemical Interactions , Edited by: Inderjit , K. M. , Dakshini , M. and Foy , C. L. 75 – 98 . Boca Raton , Florida : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , T. S. C. , Kao , M. M. and Li , B. W. 1984 . “ The exploration and improvement of the yield of monoculture sugarcane in Taiwan ” . In Tropical Plants , Edited by: Chou , C. H. 1 – 9 . Taipei , , Taiwan : ROC: Academia Sinica .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , Y. , Toyota , M. , Krause , F. , Hamburger , M. and Hostettmann , K. 1990 . Poly-acetylenes from Artemisia borealis and their biological activities . Phytochemistry , 29 : 3101 – 3105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardle , D. A. , Nicholson , K. S. and Rahman , A. 1993 . Influence of plant age on the allelopathic potential of nodding thistle (Carduus nutans L.) against pasture grasses and legumes . Weed Research , 33 : 69 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardle , D. A. and Nilsson , M. C. 1997 . Microbe-plant competition, allelopathy and arctic plants . Oecologia , 109 : 291 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkinson , A. R. 1998 . Reply from A. R. Watkinson . Trends in Ecology and Evolution , 13 : 407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weidenborner , M. , Hindorf , H. , Jha , H. C. and Tsotsonos , P. 1990 . Antifungal activity of the flavonoids against storage fungi of the genus . Aspergillus. Phytochemis-try , 29 : 1103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weidenborner , M. , Hindorf , H. , Weltzien , H. C. and Jha , H. C. 1992 . An effective treatment of legume seeds with flavonoids and isoflavonoids against storage fungi of the genus . Aspergillus. Seed Science and Technology , 20 : 447
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weidenborner , M. and Jha , H. C. 1993 . Antifungal activity of flavonoids and their mixtures against different fungi occurring on grain . Pesticide Science , 38 : 347
   Google Scholar
• Weidenhamer , J. D. 1996 . Distinguishing resource competition and chemical interference: Overcoming the methodological impasse . Agronomy Journal , 88 : 866 – 875 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weller , D. M. and Thomashow , L. S. 1999 . “ The role of microbial metabolites in biological control of plant pathogens ” . In Recent Advances in Allelopathy Vol. 1. A Science for the Future , Edited by: Macías , F. A. , Galindo , J. C.B. , Molinillo , J. M.G. and Cutler , H. G. 415 – 422 . Spain : Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Cádiz .
   Google Scholar
• Weston , L. A. 1996 . Utilization of allelopathy for weed management in agroecosys-tems . Agronomy Journal , 88 : 860 – 866 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weston , L. A. , Nimbal , C. I. and Jeandet , P. 1999 . “ Allelopathic potential of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and related species ” . In Principles and Practices in Plant Ecology: Allelochemical Interactions , Edited by: Inderjit , K. M. , Dakshini , M. and Foy , C. L. 467 – 477 . Boca Raton , , USA : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Whittaker , R. H. and Feeny , P. P. 1971 . Allelochemics: Chemical interactions between species . Science , 171 : 757 – 770 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilcoxon , F. and McCallan , S. E. A. 1935 . Fungicidal action of organic thiocya-nates, resorcinol derivatives and other organic compound . Contributions of Boyce Thompson Institute , 7 : 333 – 339 .
   Google Scholar
• William , R. D. and Warren , G. F. 1975 . Competition between purple nutsedge and vegetables . Weed Science , 23 : 317 – 323 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , J. G. K. , Kubelik , A. R. , Livak , J. , Rafalski , J. A. and Tingey , S. V. 1990 . DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers . Nucleic Acids Research , 18 : 6531 – 6535 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson , G. B. 1990 . “ Allelopathy, Koch's postulates and neck riddles ” . In Perspectives in Plant Competition , Edited by: Grace , J. B. and Tilman , D. 143 – 162 . New York , , USA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Willis , R. J. 1997 . The history of allelopathy. 2. The second phase (1900–1920): The era of S. U. Pickering and the U. S. D. A. bureau of Soils . Allelopathy Journal , 4 : 7 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Wolf , R. B. , Spencer , G. S. and Kwolek , W. F. 1984 . Inhibition of velvet leaf (Abuti-lon theophrasti) germination and growth by Benzyl isothiocyanate, a natural toxicant . Weed Science , 32 : 612 – 615 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , H. , Pratley , J. , Lemerle , D. and Haig , T. 1999 . Crop cultivars with allelopathic capability . Weed Research , 39 : 171 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyman-Simpson , C. L. , Waller , G. R. , Jurzysta , M. , McPherson , J. K. and Young , C. C. 1991 . Biological activity and chemical isolation of root saponins of six cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) . Plant and Soil , 135 : 83 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyse , D. L. 1992 . Future of weed science research . Weed Technology , 6 : 162 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yakle , G. A. and Cruse , R. M. 1983 . Corn plant residue age and placement effects upon early corn growth . Canadian Journal of Plant Science , 63 : 871 – 877 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yakle , G. A. and Cruse , R. M. 1984 . Effect of fresh and decomposing corn plant residue extracts on corn seedling development . Soil Science Society of America Journal , 48 : 1143 – 1146 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , A. 1804 . The Farmers Calender London
   Google Scholar
• Yu , J. Q. 1999a . “ Autotoxic potential of vegetable crops ” . In Allelopathy Update: Basic and Applied Aspects , Edited by: Narwal , S. S. 149 – 162 . NY : Science Publishers, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Yu , J. Q. 1999b . “ Allelopathic control of soil-borne diseases in vegetable crops ” . In Allelopathy Update: Basic and Applied Aspects , Edited by: Narwal , S. S. 335 – 344 . NY : Science Publishers, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Yu , J. Q. 1999c . Allelopathic suppression of Pseudomonas solanacearum infection of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in a tomato-Chinese chive (Allium tubero-sum) intercropping system . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 25 : 2409 – 2418 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , J. Q. and Matsui , Y. 1997 . Effects of root exudates of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and allelochemicals on ion uptake by cucumber seedling . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 23 : 817 – 827 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , G. , Zhang , W. , Lian , B. , Gu , L. , Zhou , Q. and Liu , T.-X. 1999 . Insecticidal effects of extracts from two rice varieties to brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens . Journal of Chemical Ecology , 25 : 1843 – 1855 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimdahl , R. L. 1999 . Fundamentals of Weed Science , 2nd ed. , San Diego : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar