9,028
Views
138
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Challenge of Workforce Management in a Global Society

Modeling the Relationship Between Diversity, Inclusion, Organizational Culture, and Employee Well-Being, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment

, &
Pages 63-94 | Published online: 02 Oct 2008

References

  • Alderfer , C. P. and Smith , K. K. 1982 . Studying intergroup relations embedded in organizations . Administrative Science Quarterly , 27 : 35 – 65 .
  • Allen , N. J. and Meyer , J. P. 1990 . The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization . Journal of Occupational Psychology , 63 : 1 – 18 .
  • Aneshensel , C. S. 1986 . “ Marital and employment role-strain, social support, and depression among adult women ” . In Stress, social support, and women , Edited by: Hobfoll , S. E. 99 – 114 . Washington, D.C. : Hemisphere Publishing Corp .
  • Aneshensel , C. S. 1992 . Social stress: Theory and research . Annual Review of Sociology , 18 : 15 – 38 .
  • Antonovsky , A. 1998 . “ The sense of coherence: An historical and future perspective ” . In Stress, coping, and health in families: Sense of coherence and resiliency , Edited by: McCubbin , H. I. , Thompson , E. A. , Thompson , A. I. and Fromer , J. E. 3 – 20 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
  • Ashforth , B. E. and Mael , F. 1989 . Social identity theory and the organization . Academy of Management Review , 14 : 20 – 39 .
  • Baba , V. , Jamal , M. and Tourigny , L. 1998 . Work and mental health: A decade in Canadian research . Canadian Psychology , 39 : 94 – 107 .
  • Babin , B. J. and Boles , J. S. 1996 . The effects of perceived co-worker involvement and supervisor support on service provider role stress, performance and job satisfaction . Journal of Retailing , 72 : 57 – 75 .
  • Balser , D. B. 2002 . Agency in organizational inequality: Organizational behavior and individual perceptions of discrimination . Work and Occupations , 29 ( 2 ) : 137 – 165 .
  • Bell , M. P. , Gilley , K. M. and Coombs , J. E. 2003 . Gender and diversity in organizations . Academy of Management Proceedings ,
  • Bennett , P. , Lowe , R. , Matthews , V. , Dourali , M. and Tattersall , A. 2001 . Stress in nurses: Coping, managerial support and work demand . Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress , 17 ( 1 ) : 55 – 63 .
  • Blau , G. and Boal , K. 1989 . Using job involvement and organizational commitment interactively to predict turnover . Journal of Management , 15 : 115 – 127 .
  • Brislin , R. W. 1980 . “ Translation and content analysis of oral and written material ” . In Handbook of cross-cultural psychology , Edited by: Triandis , H. C. and Berry , J. W. 389 – 444 . Boston : Allyn and Bacon .
  • Caplan , R. D. , Cobb , S. , French , J. R. Jr. , Van Harrison , R. and Pinneau , S. R. Jr. 1975 . Job demands and worker health: Main effects and occupational differences Washington, D.C. Report to the NIOSH
  • Chemers , M. M. , Oskamp , S. and Costanzo , M. A. 1995 . Diversity in organizations , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
  • Choenarom , C. , Willaims , R. A. and Hagerty , B. M. 2005 . The role of sense of belonging and social support on stress and depression in individuals with depression . Psychiatric Nursing , 19 ( 1 ) : 18 – 29 .
  • Chrobot-Mason , D. 2004 . Managing racial differences: The role of majority managers' ethnic identity development on minority employee perceptions of support . Group and Organization Management , 29 : 5 – 31 .
  • Cooper , C. and Marshall , J. 1991 . “ Sources of managerial and white collar stress ” . In Stress at work , Edited by: Coopers , C. and Marshall , J. 81 – 106 . New York : Wiley .
  • Cordes , C. and Dougherty , T. W. 1993 . A review and an integration of research on job burnout . Academy of Management Review , 18 : 621 – 656 .
  • Cox , T. 1994 . Cultural diversity in organizations: Theory, research and practice , San Francisco, CA : Berrett-Koehler .
  • Cox , T. H. 2001 . Creating the multicultural organization: A strategy for capturing the power of diversity , San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
  • DeJong , J. and Shaufeli , W. B. 1998 . Job characteristics and employee well-being: A test of Warr's Vitamin Model in health care workers using structural equation modeling . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 19 : 387 – 407 .
  • El-Bassel , N. , Guterman , N. , Bargal , D. and Su , K. H. 1998 . Main and buffering effects of emotional support on job and health-related strains: A national survey of Israeli social workers . Employee Assistance Quarterly , 13 ( 3 ) : 1 – 19 .
  • Elvira , M. M. and Cohen , L. E. 2001 . Location matters: A cross-level analysis of the effects of organizational sex composition on turnover . Academy of Management Journal , 44 ( 3 ) : 591 – 605 .
  • Ely , R. 1994 . The effects of organizational demographics and social identity on relationships among professional women . Administrative Science Quarterly , 39 : 203 – 238 .
  • Ely , R. 1995 . The power in demography: Women's social constructions of gender identity at work . Academy of Management Journal , 38 : 589 – 634 .
  • Ensher , E. A. , Grant-Vallone , E. J. and Donaldson , S. I. 2001 . Effects of perceived discrimination on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and grievances . Human Resource Development Quarterly , 12 ( 1 ) : 53 – 72 .
  • Farkas , A. J. and Tetrick , L. E. 1989 . A three-wave longitudinal analysis of the causal ordering of satisfaction and commitment on turnover decisions . Journal of Applied Psychology , 74 ( 6 ) : 855 – 868 .
  • Fernandez , R. M. 1991 . Structural bases of leadership in intraorganizational networks . Social-Psychology-Quarterly , 54 : 36 – 53 .
  • Fields , D. L. , Goodman , J. S. and Blum , T. C. 2005 . Human resource dependence and organizational demography: A study of minority employment in private sector companies . Journal of Management , 31 ( 2 ) : 167 – 185 .
  • Flynn , D. M. and Tannenbaum , S. I. 1993 . Correlates of organizational commitment: Differences in the public and private sector . Journal of Business and Psychology , 8 : 103 – 116 .
  • Foley , S. , Hang-Yue , N. and Wong , A. 2005 . Perceptions of discrimination and justice: Are there gender differences in outcomes? . Group and Organizational Management , 30 ( 4 ) : 421 – 450 .
  • French , J. R. Jr. , Caplan , R. D. and Van Harrison , R. 1982 . The mechanisms of job stress and strain , Chichester : Wiley .
  • Friedman , R. A. and Holtom , B. 2002 . The effects of network groups on minority employee turnover intentions . Human Resource Management , 41 ( 4 ) : 405 – 422 .
  • Freund , A. 2005 . Commitment and job satisfaction as predictors of turnover intentions among welfare workers . Administration in Social Work , 29 ( 2 ) : 5 – 22 .
  • Gant , L. M. , Nagda , B. A. , Brabson , H. V. Jayaratne , S. 1993 . Effects of social support and undermining on African American workers' perceptions of coworker and supervisor relationships and psychological well-being . Social-Work , 38 : 158 – 164 .
  • Gilbreath , B. and Benson , P. G. 2004 . The contribution of supervisor behaviour to employee psychological well-being . Work and Stress , 18 ( 3 ) : 255 – 266 .
  • Goldberg , I. D. 1978 . Manual for the General Health Questionnaire , Winsor, , England : NFER-Nelson .
  • Goodchild , M. E. and Duncan-Jones , P. 1985 . Chronicity and the General Health Questionnaire . British Journal of Psychiatry , 146 : 55 – 61 .
  • Greenglass , E. R. 2002 . “ Work stress, coping, and social support: Implications for women's occupational well-being ” . In Gender, work stress, and health , Edited by: Nelson , D. L. and Burke , R. J. 85 – 96 . Washington, D.C. : American Psychological Association .
  • Greenhaus , J. H. , Parasuraman , S. and Wormley , W. M. 1990 . Effects of race on organizational experiences, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes . Academy of Management Journal , 33 : 64 – 86 .
  • Haberfeld , Y. and Cohen , Y. 1998 . Earning gaps between Israel's native-born men and women: 1982–1993 . Sex Roles , 39 : 855 – 872 .
  • Haberfeld , Y. , Semyonov , M. and Addi , A. 1998 . A hierarchical linear model for estimating gender-based earnings differentials . Work and Occupations , 25 ( 1 ) : 97 – 112 .
  • Hendrix , W. H. , Robbins , T. , Miller , J. and Summers , T. P. 1998 . Effects of procedural and distributive justice on factors predictive of turnover . Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , 13 : 611 – 632 .
  • Hiew , C. C. 1995 . “ Job stress in the shifting Canadian economy ” . In Stress and emotion: Anxiety, anger, and curiosity , Edited by: Sarason , I. G. and Spielberger , C. D. 103 – 119 . Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis .
  • Ibarra , H. 1993 . Personal networks of women and minorities in management: A conceptual framework . Academy of Management Review , 18 : 56 – 87 .
  • Ibarra , H. 1995 . Race, opportunity, and diversity of social circles in managerial networks . Academy of Management Journal , 38 : 673 – 703 .
  • Israeli National Census Bureau . 2001 . Work and income. Table No. 12.27. http://www1.cbs.gov.il
  • Jamal , M. 1990 . Relationship of job stress and Type-A behavior to employees' job satisfaction, organizational commitment, psychosomatic health problems, and turnover motivation . Human Relations , 43 : 727 – 738 .
  • Jones , J. R. and Schaubroeck , J. 2004 . Mediators of the relationship between race and organizational citizenship behavior . Journal of Managerial Issues , 16 ( 4 ) : 505 – 529 .
  • Kanter , R. M. 1991 . Improving the development, acceptance, and use of new technology: Organizational and interorganizational challenges , 15 – 56 . Washington DC, , US : National Academy Press . National Academy of Engineering National Research Council People and Technology in the Workplace.
  • Konrad , A. M. and Gutek , B. A. 1987 . “ Theory and research on group composition: Applications to the status of women and ethnic minorities ” . In Interpersonal processes , Edited by: Oskamp , S. and Spacapan , S. 85 – 121 . Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
  • Kossek , E. E. , Huber-Yoder , M. , Castellino , D. and Lerner , L. 1997 . The working poor: Locked out of careers and the organizational mainstream? . Academy of Management Executive , 11 ( 1 ) : 76 – 93 .
  • Lawler , E. III . 1994 . “ Creating the high involvement organization ” . In Organizing for the future , Edited by: Galbraith , J. and Lawler , E. III . 172 – 193 . San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
  • Leary , M. R. and Downs , D. L. 1995 . “ Interpersonal functions of the self-esteem motive: The self-esteem system as a sociometer ” . In Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem , Edited by: Kernis , M. H. 123 – 144 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Lerental , T. and Samyonov , M. 1993 . The relationship between gender and country of origin and socio-economic status among the Jewish population in Israel . Megamot , 36 : 582 – 599 . (in Hebrew)
  • Loehlin , J. C. 1998 . Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural analysis , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Long , S. 1998 . “ Discourse and corporate leadership: Transformation by or of the feminine? ” . In The psychodynamics of leadership , Edited by: Gabelnick , Faith G. Klein , Edward B. 219 – 245 . Madison, CT : Psychosocial Press .
  • Lovelace , K. and Rosen , B. 1996 . Differences in achieving person-organization fit among diverse groups of managers . Journal of Management , 22 ( 5 ) : 703 – 722 .
  • Lowe , R. 2000 . Supervising self-supervision: Constructive inquiry and embedded narratives in case consultation . Journal of Marital and Family Therapy , 26 ( 4 ) : 511 – 521 .
  • Mannheim , B. and Papo , E. 2000 . Differences in organizational commitment and its correlates among professional and nonprofessional occupational welfare workers . Administration in Social Work , 23 : 119 – 137 .
  • McCubbin , H. I. , Thompson , E. A. , Thompson , A. I. and Fromer , J. E. 1998 . Stress, coping and health in families: Sense of coherence and resiliency , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
  • McFarlin , D. B. and Sweeney , P. D. 1992 . Distributive and procedural justice as predictors of satisfaction with personal and organizational outcomes . Academy of Management Journal , 35 ( 3 ) : 626 – 637 .
  • McNeely , R. L. , Blakemore , J. L. and Washington , R. O. 1993 . Race, gender, occupational status and income in county human service employment . Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare , 20 : 47 – 70 .
  • McVittie , C. , McKinlay , A. and Widdicombe , S. 2003 . Committed to (un)equal opportunities?: ‘New ageism’ and the older worker . British Journal of Social Psychology , 42 ( 4 ) : 595 – 612 .
  • Menachem , G. and Geist , A. 1999 . Language, employment and the link to Israel among immigrants from the former Soviet Union in the nineties . Megamot , 40 : 131 – 148 . (in Hebrew)
  • Miller , F. A. and Katz , J. H. 2002 . The inclusion breakthrough , San Francisco, CA : Berret-Koehler .
  • Miller , G. 1986 . Unemployment as a dramaturgical problem: Teaching impression management in a work incentive program . Sociological Quarterly , 27 : 479 – 493 .
  • Mor , M. and Barak , E. 2000a . The inclusive workplace: An eco-systems approach to diversity management . Social Work , 45 ( 4 ) : 339 – 345 .
  • Mor , M. and Barak , E. 2000b . Beyond affirmative action: Toward a model of diversity and organizational inclusion . Administration in Social Work , 23 ( 3/4 ) : 47 – 68 .
  • Mor-Barak , M. E. 2005 . Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
  • Mor , M. Barak , Findler , L. and Wind , L. 2003 . Cross-cultural aspects of diversity and well-being in the workplace: An International perspective . Journal of Social Work Research and Evaluation , 4 ( 2 ) : 49 – 73 .
  • Mor , M. Barak , Cherin , D. A. and Berkman , S. 1998 . Organizational and personal dimensions in diversity climate: Ethnic and gender differences in employee perceptions . Journal of Applied Behavioral Science , 34 : 82 – 104 .
  • Mor , M. , Barak , E. and Cherin , D. A. 1998 . A tool to expand organizational understanding of workforce diversity: Exploring a measure of inclusion-exclusion . Administration in Social Work , 22 ( 1 ) : 47 – 63 .
  • Mor-Barak , M. and Levin , A. 2002 . Outside of the corporate mainstream and excluded from the work community: A study of diversity, job satisfaction and well-being . Journal of Community, Work, and Family , 5 ( 2 ) : 133 – 157 .
  • Mor , M. , Barak , E. , Nissly , J. A. and Levin , A. 2001 . Antecedents to retention and turnover among child welfare, social work, and other human service employees: What can we learn from past research? A review and meta-analysis . Social Service Review , 75 : 625 – 661 .
  • Morris , A. , Shinn , M. and DuMont , K. 1999 . Contextual factors affecting the organizational commitment of diverse police officers: A levels of analysis perspective . American Journal of Community Psychology , 27 : 75 – 105 .
  • Morrison , A. M. and Von Glinow , M. A. 1990 . Women and minorities in management . American Psychologist , 45 : 200 – 208 .
  • Mosisa , A. T. 2002 . The role of foreign-born workers . Monthly Labor Review , 125 ( 5 ) : 3 – 12 .
  • Mowday , R. T. , Steers , R. M. and Porter , L. W. 1979 . The measurement of organizational commitment . Journal of Vocational Behavior , 14 : 224 – 247 .
  • Mueller , C. W. and Wallace , J. E. 1996 . Justice and paradox of the contented female worker . Social Psychology Quarterly , 59 : 338 – 349 .
  • O'Leary , V. E. and Ickovics , J. R. 1992 . “ Cracking the glass ceiling: Overcoming isolation and alienation ” . In Womanpower: Managing in times of demographic turbulence , Edited by: Leong , Frederick T.L. and Sekaran , Uma . 7 – 30 . xvii 286 Thousand Oaks, CA, , US : Sage Publications, Inc. . Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Park , K. 2004 . The effects of social support at work on job demands, job control, depression, job performance, and absenteeism , University of Georgia . Unpublished dissertation
  • Pearson , S. D. 2004 . Organizational characteristics and perceived stress in community college workers , Walden University . Unpublished dissertation
  • Petter , J. , Byrnes , P. , Choi , D. , Fegan , F. and Miller , R. 2002 . Dimensions and patterns in employee empowerment: Assessing what matters to street-level bureaucrats . Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory , 12 ( 3 ) : 377 – 401 .
  • Pettigrew , T. F. 1998 . Reactions toward the new minorities of western Europe . Annual Review of Sociology , 24 : 77 – 103 .
  • Popoola , S. O. 2005 . Organisational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intentions among records management personnel in Ondo State Civil Service . IFE Psychologia: An International Journal , 13 ( 1 ) : 24 – 38 .
  • Price , J. L. and Mueller , C. 1986 . Handbook of organizational measurement , Marshfield, MA : Pittman .
  • Quinn , G. L. and Staines , R. P. 1979 . Quality of employment survey, 1973–1977: Panel/principal investigator , Arbor, MI : Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research .
  • Rachman-Mor , D. and Danziger , N. 2000 . Differences in gender at the beginning of the professional career among MBA graduates . Megamot , 40 : 262 – 279 . (in Hebrew)
  • Reiley , J. and Singer , M. 1996 . Perceived fairness of promotion procedures: Identification of justice rules and consequences for job attitudes . International Journal of Selection and Assessment , 4 : 129 – 138 .
  • Requena , F. 2003 . Social capital, satisfaction and quality of life in the workplace . Social Indicators Research , 61 : 331 – 360 .
  • Reskin , B. F. , McBrier , D. B. and Kmec , J. A. 1999 . The determinants and consequences of workplace sex and race composition . Annual Review of Sociology , 25 ( 1 ) : 335 – 362 .
  • Rizzo , J. R. , House , R. J. and Lirtzman , S. I. 1970 . Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations . Administrative Science Quarterly , 15 : 150 – 163 .
  • Rogge , M. E. and Cox , M. E. 2001 . The person-in-environment perspective in social work journals: A computer assisted content analysis . Journal of Social Service Research , 28 ( 2 ) : 47 – 68 .
  • Ryska , T. A. 2002 . Leadership styles and occupational stress among college athletic directors: The moderating effect of program goals . Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied , 136 ( 2 ) : 195 – 213 .
  • Schaubroeck , J. and Fink , L. S. 1998 . Facilitating and inhibiting effects of job control and social support on stress outcomes and role behavior: A contingency model . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 19 : 167 – 195 .
  • Schwarzwald , J. , Koslowsky , M. and Allouf , M. 2005 . Group membership, status, and social power preference . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 35 ( 3 ) : 644 – 666 .
  • Shaufeli , W. B. , Van Dierdendonck , D. and Van Gorp , K. 1996 . Burnout and reciprocity: Towards a dual-level social exchange model . Work and Stress , 10 : 225 – 237 .
  • Shimazu , A. , Shimazu , M. and Odahara , T. 2004 . Job control and social support as coping resources in job satisfaction . Psychological Reports , 94 ( 2 ) : 449 – 456 .
  • Shore , L. M. and Martin , H. J. 1989 . Job satisfaction and organizational commitment in relation to work performance and turnover intentions . Human Relations , 42 : 625 – 638 .
  • Siegel , P. A. , Post , C. , Brockner , J. , Fishman , A. Y. and Garden , C. 2005 . The moderating influence of procedural fairness on the relationship between work-life conflict and organizational commitment . Journal of Applied Psychology , 90 ( 1 ) : 13 – 24 .
  • Smith , R. A. 2001 . Particularism in control over monetary resources at work: An analysis of racioethnic differences in the authority outcomes of Black, White and Latino men . Work and Occupations , 28 : 447 – 68 .
  • Smith , R. A. 2002 . Race, Gender and Authority in the Workplace . Annual Review of Sociology , 28 : 509 – 542 .
  • Snow , D. L. and Kline , M. L. 1995 . “ Preventive interventions in the workplace to reduce negative psychiatric consequences of work and family stress ” . In Does stress cause psychiatric illness? , Edited by: Mazure , C. M. 221 – 270 . Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association .
  • Spear , J. , Wood , L. , Chawla , S. , Devis , A. and Nelson , J. 2004 . Job satisfaction and burnout in mental health services for older people . Australasian Psychiatry , 12 ( 1 ) : 58 – 61 .
  • Spector , P. E. 1997 . Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and consequences , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
  • Strand , V. C. and Badger , L. 2005 . Professionalizing child welfare: An evaluation of a clinical consultation model for supervisors . Children and Youth Services Review , 27 : 865 – 880 .
  • Szilagyi , A. D. Jr. , Sims , H. P. Jr. and Keller , R. T. 1976 . Role dynamics, locus of control, and employee attitudes and behavior . Academy of Management Journal , 19 ( 2 ) : 259 – 276 .
  • Tajfel , H. 1978 . “ Social categorization, social identity, and social comparison ” . In Differentiation between social groups , Edited by: Tajfel , H. 61 – 76 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Tajfel , H. 1982 . Social identity and intergroup relations , Cambridge, Ma : Cambridge University Press .
  • Tajfel , H. and Turner , J. C. 1986 . “ The social identity theory of intergroup behavior ” . In Psychology of intergroup relations , Edited by: Worchel , S. and Austin , W. G. 7 – 24 . Chicago, IL : Nelson-Hall .
  • Tao , M. , Takagi , H. , Ishida , M. and Masuda , K. 1998 . A study of antecedents of organizational commitment . Japanese Psychological Research , 40 : 198 – 205 .
  • Tenglund , A. A. 2000 . Effects of gender and ethnic identity on perceptions of diversity and fairness: Exploring the importance of identity in organizational behavior , University of Delaware . Unpublished dissertation
  • Turner , J. C. 1987 . Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory , Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
  • Tyler , P. and Cushway , D. 1998 . Stress and well-being in health-care staff: The role of negative affectivity, and perceptions of job demand and discretion . Stress Medicine , 14 : 99 – 107 .
  • Vachon , M. L.S. 2000 . “ Burnout and symptoms of stress in staff working in palliative care ” . In Handbook of psychiatry in palliative medicine , Edited by: Chochinov , H. M. and Breitbart , W. 303 – 319 . London : Oxford University Press .
  • Vallas , S. P. 2003 . Rediscovering the color line within work organizations: The knitting of racial groups revisited . Work and Occupations , 30 ( 4 ) : 379 – 400 .
  • Verkuyten , M. 2005 . Ethnic group identification and group evaluation among minority and majority groups: Testing the multiculturalism hypothesis . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 88 ( 1 ) : 121 – 138 .
  • Wharton , A. S. 1992 . “ The social construction of gender and race in organizations: A social identity and group mobilization perspective ” . In Research in the sociology of organizations , Edited by: Tolbert , P. S. and Bacharach , S. 55 – 84 . Greenwich, CT : JAI Press .
  • Weaver , C. N. 2002 . The effects of generational status on the work attitudes of Mexican Americans . Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences , 24 : 63 – 73 .
  • Wesolowski , M. A. and Mossholder , K. W. 1997 . Relational demography in supervisor-subordinate dyads: Impact on subordinate job satisfaction, burnout, and perceived procedural justice . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 18 : 351 – 362 .
  • Yogev , A. 1990 . Credentialism and the occupational participation of subordinate groups in the Israeli labor market . International Sociological Association , 1990
  • Yoon , J. and Thye , S. R. 2002 . A dual process model of organizational commitment: Job satisfaction and organizational support . Work and Occupations , 29 ( 1 ) : 97 – 124 .
  • Zaph , D. 2002 . Emotion work and psychological well-being: A review of the literature and some conceptual considerations . Human Resource Management Review , 12 : 237 – 268 .
  • Zinner , L. 1988 . Tokenism and women in the workplace: The limits of gender-neutral theory . Social Problems , 35 : 64 – 77 .
  • Zohar , D. 1995 . The justice perspective of job stress . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 16 : 487 – 495 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.