Social Class, Ethnicity, and Child Welfare

References

• Abramowitz , S. I. and Murray , J. 1983 . “ Race effects in psychotherapy ” . In Bias in psychotherapy , Edited by: Murray , J. and Abramson , P. R. 215 – 255 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Albers , E. , Reilly , T. and Rittner , B. 1993 . Children in foster care: Possible factors affecting permanency planning . Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 10 ( 4 ) : 329 – 341 .
   Google Scholar
• Barth , R. , Courtney , M. , Derrick , J. and Albert , V. 1994 . From child abuse to permanency planning , New York : Aldine De Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Bath , H. and Haapala , D. 1993 . Intensive family preservation with abuse and neglected children: An examination of group differences . Child Abuse and Neglect , 77 : 213 – 225 .
   Google Scholar
• Baumrind , D. 1996 . Understanding the relationship between neighborhood poverty and specific types of child maltreatment . Child Abuse and Neglect , 11 : 10013 – 10015 .
   Google Scholar
• Benedict , M. L. and White , R. 1991 . Factors associated with foster care length of stay . Child Welfare , LXX : 45 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Bergdorf , K. 1981 . Recognition and reporting of child maltreatment: Findings from the National Study of the Incidence and Severity of Child Abuse and Neglect , Washington, DC : National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect .
   Google Scholar
• Besharov , D. 1988 . How child abuse programs hurt poor children: The misuse of foster care . Clearing House Review , 22 ( 3 ) : 218 – 227 .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. 1969 . Attachment and loss. Vol. 1. Attachment , London : Hogarth Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brenner , M. H. 1973 . Mental health and the economy , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brenner , M. H. June, 15 1984 . Estimating the effects of economic change on national health and social well-being June, 15 , A study prepared for use of the Subcommittee on University Press. Economic Goals and Intergovernmental Policy, Joint Economic Committee, U.S.
   Google Scholar
• Cazenave , N. and Straus , M. 1979 . Race, class, and network embeddedness and family violence: A search for potent support systems . Journal of Comparative Family Studies and Intergovernmental Policy, Joint Economic Committee, U.S. , 70 : 281 – 299 .
   Google Scholar
• Chamberland , C. , Bouchard , C. and Beaudry , J. 1986 . The causes of abuse and neglect of infants . Canadian Journal of Behavioral Sciences , 18 ( 4 ) : 391 – 412 .
   Google Scholar
• Chasnoff , I. , Landress , H. J. and Barrett , M. 1990 . The prevalence of illicit-drug or alcohol use during pregnancy and discrepancies in mandatory reporting, Pinnellas County, Florida . The New England Journal of Medicine , 322 : 1202 – 1206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cotton , J. 1989 . The declining economic status of Black families . The Review of Black Political Economy , 18 ( 1 ) : 75 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Drake , B. and Pandey , S. 1996 . Understanding the relationship between neighborhood poverty and specific types of child maltreatment . Child Abuse and Neglect , 20 ( 11 ) : 1003 – 1019 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckenrode , J. , Powers , J. , Doris , J. , Munsch , J. and Bolger , N. 1988 . Substantiation of child abuse and neglect reports . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 38 ( 1 ) : 9 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Fanshel , D. 1982 . On the road to permanency: An expanded data base for service to children in foster care , New York : CWLA .
   Google Scholar
• Fanshel , D. , Finch , S. J. and Grundy , J. F. 1989 . Modes of exit from foster family care and adjustment at time of departure of children with unstable histories . Child Welfare , 68 : 391 – 402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fein , E. and Maluccio , A. 1993 . Permanency planning another remedy in jeopardy . Social Service Review , 66 ( 3 ) : 335 – 345 .
   Google Scholar
• Finch , S. and Fanshel , D. 1985 . Testing the equality of discharge patterns in foster care . Social Work Research and Abstracts , 21 ( 3 ) : 3 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Fraser , M. W. and Haapala , D. A. 1987 . Home based family treatment: A quantitative-qualitative assessment . The Journal of Applied Social Sciences , 72 : 1 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Garbarino , J. and Crouter , A. 1978 . A note on the problem of construct validity in assessing the usefulness of child maltreatment report data . American Journal of Public Health , 68 ( 6 ) : 598 – 600 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garbarino , J. and Ebata , A. 1983 . The significance of ethnic and cultural differences in child maltreatment . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 45 ( 4 ) : 773 – 783 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelles , R. J. 1975 . The social construction of child abuse . The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 43 : 611 – 621 .
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , T. , Tracy , G. and Debord , M. 1984 . An analysis of variables affecting length of stay in foster care . Children and Youth Services Review , 6 : 135 – 145 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannoni , J. and Becerra , R. 1979 . Defining child abuse , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Giovannoni , J. and Billingsley , J. 1970 . Child neglect among the poor: A study of parental adequacy in three ethnic groups . Child Welfare , 49 : 196 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Gleeson , J. 1987 . Implementing structured decision-making procedures . Child Welfare , LXVI ( 2 ) : 101 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Goerge , R. 1990 . The reunification process in substitute care . Social Service Review , 64 ( 3 )
   Google Scholar
• Haapala , D. A. 1983 . Perceived helpfulness, attributed critical incident responsibility, and a discrimination of home-based family service outcomes: Home Builders model , Federal Way, WA : Behavioral Sciences Institute . Report for the DHHS, Administration for Children, Youth and Families (grant #90-CW-626 OHDS)
   Google Scholar
• Hampton , R. 1991 . “ Race, ethnicity, and child maltreatment and analysis of cases recognized and reported by hospitals ” . In The Black family: Essays and studies , Edited by: Hampton , R. 172 – 184 . Belmont, CA : Wadsworth .
   Google Scholar
• Hampton , R. L. , Gelles , R. and Harrop , J. W. 1989 . Is violence in Black families increasing? A comparison of 1975–1985 national survey rates . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 51 : 969 – 980 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampton , R. and Newberger , E. 1985 . Child abuse reporting by hospitals: Significance of severity, class, and race . American Journal of Public Health , 75 ( 1 ) : 56 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hay , T. and Jones , L. 1994 . Societal interventions to prevent child abuse and neglect . Child Welfare , 73 ( 5 ) : 375 – 404 .
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins , S. 1983 . Ethnic differentials in foster placement . Social Work Research and Abstracts , 19 ( 4 ) : 41 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins , S. and Diamond , B. 1985 . Ethnicity and foster care: Census data as predictors of placement variables . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 55 ( 2 ) : 267 – 276 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jenkins , S. 1969 . Separation experiences of children who are in foster care . Child Welfare , 48 : 334 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , L. 1993 . Decision making in child welfare: A critical review of the literature . Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal , 10 ( 3 ) : 241 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Kahn , A. 1988 . The child welfare handbook , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Katz , M. L. , Hampton , R. , Newberger , E. and Bowies , R. 1986 . Returning children home: Clinical decision making in cases of child abuse and neglect . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 56 ( 2 ) : 253 – 262 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauderdale , M. L. , Valiunas , A. and Anderson , R. 1980 . Race, ethnicity, and child maltreatment: An empirical analysis . Child Abuse and Neglect , 4 : 163 – 169 .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , R. E. 1991 . “ What are the characteristics of intensive family preservation services? ” . In Families in crisis: The impact of intensive family preservation services , Edited by: Fraser , M. L. W. , Pecora , R and Haalapa , D. A. New York : Aldine DeGruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Lindsey , D. 1991 . Factors affecting the foster care placement decision . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 61 ( 2 ) : 272 – 280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maas , H. S. and Engler , R. E. 1959 . Children in need of parents , New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Maluccio , A. and Kluger , M. 1990 . No more partings: An examination of long term foster family care , Washington, DC : CWLA .
   Google Scholar
• McMurty , S. and Lie , Y. G. 1992 . Differential exit rates of minority children in foster care . Social Work Research and Abstracts , 28 ( 1 ) : 42 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• National Association of Black Social Workers . 1991 . Preserving African-American families Detroit, MI
   Google Scholar
• National Black Child Development Institute . 1989 . The Black child in foster care , Washington, DC : NBCDI Roundtable Discussion . May 25–26
   Google Scholar
• National Black Child Development Institute . 1990 . Status of American children: Twentieth Anniversary Report, 1970–1990 Washington, DC
   Google Scholar
• Pelton , L. 1989 . For reasons of poverty; A critique of the child welfare system in the United States , New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Pelton , L. 1978 . Child abuse and neglect: The myth of classlessness . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 48 ( 4 ) : 608 – 617 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saunders , E. , Nelson , K. and Landsman , M. 1993 . Racial inequality and child neglect: Findings in a metropolitan area . Child Welfare , 72 ( 4 ) : 34 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Scannapieco , M. and Jackson , S. 1996 . Kinship care: The African American response to family preservation . Social Work , 41 ( 2 ) : 190 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spearly , J. and Lauderdale , M. 1983 . Community characteristics and ethnicity in the prediction of child maltreatment rates . Child Abuse and Neglect , 7 : 91 – 105 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stehno , S. 1982 . Differential treatment of minority children . Social Work , 27 ( 1 ) : 39 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg , L. D. , Catalano , P. and Dooley , D. 1981 . Economic antecedents of child abuse and neglect . Child Development , 52 : 975 – 985 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracy , E. , Green , R. K. and Bremseth , M. D. 1993 . Meeting the environmental needs of abused and neglected children: Implications from a statewide survey of supportive services . Social Work Research and Abstracts , 29 ( 2 ) : 21 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Wolock , I. 1982 . Community characteristics and staff judgements in child abuse and neglect cases . Social Work Research and Abstracts , 18 ( 2 ) : 9 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Zuravin , S. 1986 . Residential density and child maltreatment . Journal of Family Violence , 7 ( 4 ) : 307 – 322 .
   Google Scholar