REFERENCES
- 2005 . Advance Directives Improvement and Education Act. S347 IS, 109d Cong
- Becker , J. 2004 . Oncology social workers' attitudes toward hospice care and referral behavior . Health and Social Work , 29 ( 1 ) : 36 – 46 .
- Bradley , E. , Fried , T. , Kasl , S. , Cicchetti , D. , Johnson-Hurzeler , R. and Horwitz , S. 2000 . Referral of terminally ill patients for hospice: Frequency and correlates . Journal of Palliative Care , 16 ( 4 ) : 20 – 26 .
- Buntin , M. B. and Huskamp , H. 2002 . What is known about the economics of end-of-life care for Medicare beneficiaries? . The Gerontologist , 42 ( 3 ) : 40 – 48 .
- Burrs , F. 1995 . The African American experience: Breaking the barriers to hospices . The Hospice Journal , 10 ( 2 ) : 15 – 18 .
- Center for Disease Control . 2006 . Current hospice care patients. November, 2004 Retrieved October 23, 2006 from http://www.cdc.gov/search.do?action=search&queryText=hospice&x=13&y=8
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid . 2002 . Hospice care enhances dignity and peace as life nears its end Retrieved July 30, 2005 from http://www.cms.hhs.gov/medlearn/hosp_article.pdf
- Crawley , L. , Payne , R. , Bolden , J. , Payne , T. , Washington , P. and Williams , S. 2000 . Palliative and end-of-life care in the African American community . Journal of the American Medical Association , 284 ( 19 ) : 2518 – 2521 .
- Csikai , E. and Raymer , M. 2005 . Social workers' educational needs in end-of-life care . Social Work in Health Care , 41 ( 1 ) : 53 – 72 .
- Emanuel , E. , Ash , A. and Yu , W. 2002 . Managed care, hospice use, site of death, and medical expenditures in the last year of life . Archive of Internal Medicine , 162 : 1722 – 1728 .
- Fitch , K. and Pyenson , B. 2003 . Value of hospice benefit to Medicaid programs , New York : Milliman USA .
- Jennings , B. , Ryndes , T. , D'Onofrio , C. and Baily , M. 2003 . Access to hospice care: Expanding boundaries, overcoming barriers . The Hastings Center Report , 33 ( Suppl.3 ) March-April : 1 – 64 .
- Kramer , B. , Pacourek , L. and Hovland-Scafe , C. 2003 . Analysis of end-of-life content in social work textbooks . Journal of Social Work Education , 39 ( 2 ) : 299 – 321 .
- Kwak , J. and Haley , W. 2005 . Current research findings on end-of-life decision making among racially or ethnically diverse groups . The Gerontologist , 45 ( 5 ) : 634 – 642 .
- McCarthy , E. , Burns , R. , Davis , R. and Phillips , R. 2003a . Hospice use among Medicare managed care and fee-for-service patients dying of cancer . Journal of the American Medical Association , 17 : 2238 – 2245 .
- McCarthy , E. , Burns , R. , Davis , R. and Phillips , R. 2003b . Barriers to hospice care among older patients dying with lung and colorectal cancer . Journal of Clinical Oncology , 21 ( 4 ) : 728 – 735 .
- MEDPAC . 2002 . Report to the Congress: Medicare beneficiaries access to hospice Retrieved November 9, 2006 from http://www.medpac.gov/publications/congressional_reports/may2002_HospiceAccess.pdf
- Miller , P. and Mike , P. 1995 . The Medicare hospice benefit: Ten years of federal policy for the terminally ill . Death Studies , 19 : 531 – 542 .
- Miller , S. , Mor , V. and Teno , J. 2003 . Hospice enrollment and pain assessment and management in nursing homes . Journal of Pain and Symptom Management , 26 ( 3 ) : 791 – 799 .
- Munson , M. 1999 . Characteristics of elderly home health care users: Data from the 1996 National Home and Hospice Care Survey . Advance Data , 309 : 1 – 11 .
- Nash , D. 1996 . Reforming Medicare: Strategies for Higher Quality, Lower Cost Care Reforming Medicare: Strategies for Higher Quality, Lower Cost Care , AARP Policy Institute .
- National Center on Health Statistics . 2001 . Fact Sheet: Data on Cancer Retrieved October 30, 2005, from http://www.gov/nchs/data/factsheets/cancer.pdf
- National Hospice Foundation . 2003 . Expanding America's Vision for End-Of-Life Care: A Decade of Achievement Retrieved July 13, 2005 from http://www.nationalhospicefoundation.org/files/public/Decade_of_Acheivement.pdf
- National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO) . 2004 . Hospice Facts and Figures Retrieved July 13, 2005 from http://www.nhpco.org/files/public/Hospice_Facts_110104.pdf
- National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization . 2000 . Legislative Agenda , Washington, DC : NHPCO .
- National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO) . 2000 . Keys to Quality Care Retrieved December 7, 2004 from www.nhpco.org/i4a/pages/index
- National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization . 2003 . Delivering Quality Care and Cost-Effectiveness at the End-of-life Retrieved January 10, 2004, from www.nhcpo.org/report/
- Randall , H. and Csikai , E. 2003 . Issues affecting utilization of hospice services by rural Hispanics . Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work , 12 ( 2 ) : 79 – 94 .
- Tang , S. 2003 . Determinants of hospice home care use among terminally ill cancer patients . Nursing Research , 52 ( 4 ) : 217 – 225 .
- Virnig , B. , Moscovice , I. , Durham , S. and Casey , M. 2004 . Do rural elders have limited access to Medicare hospice services? . Journal of American Geriatric Society , 52 ( 5 ) : 731 – 735 .
- Virnig , B. , Persily , N. , Morgan , R. and DeVito , C. 1999 . Do Medicare HMOs and Medicare FFS differ in their use of the Medicare hospice benefit? . The Hospice Journal , 14 ( 1 ) : 1 – 12 .
- Winston , C. , Leshner , P. , Kramer , J. and Allen , G. 2005 . Overcoming barriers to access and utilization of hospice and palliative care services in African-American communities . The Journal of Death and Dying , 50 ( 2 ) : 151 – 1 .