Minorities Remain Underrepresented in HIV/AIDS Research Despite Access to Clinical Trials

REFERENCES

• Menezes P, Eron JJ Jr, Leone PA, Adimora AA, Wohl DA, Miller WC. Recruitment of HIV/AIDS treatment-naïve patients to clinical trials in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: Influence of gender, sexual orientation and race. HIV Med. 2011;12:183–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gifford AL, Cunningham WE, Heslin KC, et al; HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study Consortium. Participation in research and access to experimental treatments by HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1373–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwadz MV, Colon P, Ritchie AS, et al. Increasing and supporting the participation of persons of color living with HIV/AIDS in AIDS clinical trials. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2010;7:194–200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan PS, McNaghten AD, Begley E, Hutchinson A, Cargill VA. Enrollment of racial/ethnic minorities and women with HIV in clinical research studies of HIV medi-cines. J Nat! Med Assoc. 2007;3:242–250.
   Google Scholar
• Gwadz MV, Cylar K, Leonard NR, et al; Project ACT Collab-orative Study Team. An exploratory behavioral intervention trial to improve rates of screening for AIDS clinical trials among racial/ethnic minority and female persons living with HIV/AIDS. AIDS Behav. 2010;14:639–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendler D, Kington R, Madans J, et al. Are racial and eth-nic minorities less willing to participate in health research? PLoS Med. 2006;3:e19.
   Google Scholar
• King TE Jr. Racial disparities in clinical trials. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1400–1402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwadz MV, Leonard NR, Nakagawa A, et al. Gender differ-ences in attitudes toward AIDS clinical trials among urban HIV-infected individuals from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds. AIDS Care. 2006;18:786–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AIDS Clinical Trials Unit. http://www.actgnetwork.org. Accessed April 10,2013.
   Google Scholar
• Polanco FR, Dominguez DC, Grady C, et al. Conducting HIV research in racial and ethnic minority communities: Building a successful interdisciplinary research team. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 201122: 388–396.
   Google Scholar
• Cohn EG. Including marginalized populations in HIV clinical trials: A new role for nurse-researchers. Policy P0/it Nurs Pract. 2007;8:271–275.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silvestre AJ, Hylton JB, Johnson LM, et al. Recruiting minority men who have sex with men for HIV research: Results from a 4-city campaign. Am J Public Health. 2006;96:1020–1027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone VE, Mauch MY, Steger K, Janas SF, Craven DE. Race, gender, drug use, and participation in AIDS clinical trials. Lessons from a municipal hospital cohort. J Gen Intern Med. 1997;12:150–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks RA, Newman PA, Duan N, Ortiz DJ. HIV vaccine trial preparedness among Spanish-speaking Latinos in the US. AIDS Care. 2007;19:52–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sengupta S, Strauss RP, DeVellis R, Quinn SC, DeVellis B, Ware WB. Factors affecting African-American participation in AIDS research. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;24:275–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shavers VL, Lynch CF, Burmeister LF. Racial differences in factors that influence the willingness to participate in med-ical research studies. Ann Epidemiol. 2002;12:248–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz RV, Kegeles SS, Kressin NR, et al. The Tuskegee Legacy Project: Willingness of minorities to participate in biomedical research. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2006;17:698–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans KR, Lewis MJ, Hudson SV. The role of health literacy on African American and Hispanic/Latino perspectives on cancer clinical trials. J Cancer Educ. 2012;27:299–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher JA, Kalbaugh CA. Challenging assumptions about minority participation in US clinical research. Am J Public Health. 2011101: 2217–2222.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt SM, Bhopal R. Self report in clinical and epidemio-logical studies with non-English speakers: The challenge of language and culture. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004;58:618–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King WD, Defreitas D, Smith K, et al; Underrepresented Populations Committee of the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG). Attitudes and perceptions of AIDS Clinical Trials Group site coordinators on HIV clinical trial recruit-ment and retention: A descriptive study. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2007;21:551–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garber M, Hanusa BH, Switzer GE, Mellors J, Arnold RM. HIV-infected African Americans are willing to participate in HIV treatment trials. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22: 17–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeFreitas D. Race and HIV clinical trial participation. J Natl Med Assoc. 2010;102:493–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone VE, Mauch MY, Steger KA. Provider attitudes regarding participation of women and persons of color in AIDS clinical trials. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retroyirol. 1998;19:245–253.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cargill VA, Stone VE. HIV/AIDS: A minority health issue. Med Clin North Am. 2005;89:895–912.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezeugwu CO, Laird A, Mullins CD, Saluja DS, Winston RA. Lessons learned from community-based minority health care serving system participation in an NIH clinical trial. J Nati Med Assoc. 2011103: 839–844.
   Google Scholar
• Smith YR, Johnson AM, Newman LA, Greene A, Johnson TR, Rogers JL. Perceptions of clinical research participa-tion among African American women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007;16:423–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Hispanic Center. The 10 largest Hispanic origin groups: Characteristics, rankings, top counties. June 27, 20120. http://www.pewhispanic.org/files/2012/06/The-10-Largest-Hispanic-Origin-Groups.pdf. Accessed June 28, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Catania JA, Gibson DR, Chitwood DD, Coates TJ. Method-ological problems in AIDS behavioral research: Influences on measurement error and participation bias in studies of sexual behavior. Psychol Bull. 1990;1083:339–362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar