Safety and Environmental Aspects of Inertial Fusion Energy: An Overview of Recent Activities and Developments in the United States

References

• R. W. MOIR et al., “HYLIFE-II: A Molten Salt Inertial Fusion Energy Power Plant Design—Final Report,” Fusion Technol., 25, 5 (1994).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. R. MEIER et al., “Osiris and SOMBRERO Inertial Confinement Fusion Power Plant Designs,” DOE/ER/54100-1, WJSA-92-01, W. J. Schafer Associates (1992).
   Google Scholar
• D. E. CULLEN, “TART98: A Coupled Neutron Photon, 3-D, Combinatorial Geometry, Time Dependent, Monte Carlo Transport Code,” UCRL-ID-126455, Rev. 2, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1998).
   Google Scholar
• J. SANZ, “ACAB98: Activation Code for Fusion Applications. User’s Manual V4.0,” Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED), UCRL-CR-133040, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1999).
   Google Scholar
• M. J. GAETA and B. J. MERRILL, “CHEMCON User’s Manual Version 3.1,” INEEL-95/0147, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (1995).
   Google Scholar
• D. CHANIN and M. L. YOUNG, “Code Manual for MACCS2, User’s Guide,” NUREG/CR-6613, Vol. 1, SAND970594, Sandia National Laboratories (1998).
   Google Scholar
• S. REYES, J. F. LATKOWSKI, J. SANZ, and J. GOMEZ DEL RIO, “Safety Assessment for Inertial Fusion Energy Power Plants: Methodology and Application to the Analysis of the HYLIFE-II and SOMBRERO Conceptual Designs,” PhD Dissertation, UCRL-LR-142678, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (May 2001).
   Google Scholar
• “Safety of Magnetic Fusion Facilities—Requirements,” DOE-STD-6002-96, U.S. Department of Energy (1996).
   Google Scholar
• “Safety of Magnetic Fusion Facilities—Guidance,” DOESTD-6003-96, U.S. Department of Energy (1996).
   Google Scholar
• “Comprehensive Emergency Management System,” DOE O 151.1A, U.S. Department of Energy (2000).
   Google Scholar
• J. F. LATKOWSKI, S. REYES, G. E. BESENBRUCH, and D. T. GOODIN, “Preliminary Safety Assessment for an IFE Target Fabrication Facility,” Fusion Technol., 39, 960 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. C. CADWALLADER and J. F. LATKOWSKI, “Preliminary Identification of Accident Initiating Events for IFE Power Plants,” presented at the 19th Symp. Fusion Engineering, January, 21–25, 2002, Atlantic City, New Jersey.
   Google Scholar
• J. F. LATKOWSKI et al., “Selection of IFE Target Materials from a Safety and Environmental Perspective,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 464, 442 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• R. W. MOIR, “Flibe Coolant Cleanup and Processing in the HYLIFE-II Inertial Fusion Energy Power Plant,” UCRLID-143228, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (2001).
   Google Scholar
• S. REYES, J. F. LATKOWSKI, L. C. CADWALLADER, R. W. MOIR, J. GÓMEZ DEL RÍO, and J. SANZ, “Safety Issue Implications of Hg and Pb as IFE Target Materials: Radiological Versus Chemical Toxicity,” presented at ANS 15th TOFE Mtg., Washington, D.C., November 2003; see also Fusion Sci. Technol. (to be published).
   Google Scholar
• J. F. LATKOWSKI, J. SANZ, and J. L. VUJIC, “The Impact of Pulsed Irradiation upon Neutron Activation Calculations for Inertial and Magnetic Fusion Energy Power Plants,” Fusion Technol., 30, 1470 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• D. A. PETTI, K. A. McCARTHY, N. P. TAYLOR, C. B. A. FORTY, and R. A. FORREST, “Re-Evaluation of the Use of Low Activation Materials in Waste Management Strategies for Fusion,” Fusion Eng. Des., 51–52, 435 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. ZUCCHETTI, R. FORREST, C. FORTY, W. GULDEN, P. ROCCO, and S. ROSANVALLON, “Clearance, Recycling and Disposal of Fusion Activated Material,” Fusion Eng. Des., 54, 635 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• “Clearance Levels for Radionuclides in Solid Materials. Application of Exemption Principles,” IAEA-TECDOC-855, International Atomic Energy Agency (1996).
   Google Scholar
• S. REYES, J. SANZ, and J. F. LATKOWSKI, “Use of Clearance Indexes to Assess Waste Disposal Issues for the HYLIFE-II Inertial Fusion Energy Power Plant Design,” presented at 6th Int. Symp. Fusion Nuclear Technology (ISFNT-6), San Diego, California, April 7–11, 2002, LLNL UCRL-JC147039, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Jan. 2002); see also Fusion Eng. Des. (accepted for publication).
   Google Scholar