Progress of High-Power-Gyrotron Development for Fusion Research

References

• M. THUMM et al., “High Power Gyro-Devices for Plasma Heating and Other Applications,” Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves, 26, 4, 483 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• G. G. DENISOV et al., “110 GHz Gyrotron with a Built-In High-Efficiency Converter,” Int. J. Electronics, 72, 1079 (1992).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. SAKAMOTO et al., “Major Improvement of Gyrotron Efficiency with Beam Energy Recovery,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 73, 3532 (1994).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. SAKAMOTO et al., “Stable, Single-Mode Oscillation with High-Order Volume Mode at 1 MW170 GHz Gyrotron,” J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 65, 1888 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• O. BRAZ et al., “High Power 170 GHz Test of CVD Diamond for ECH Window,” Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves, 18, 1495 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• A. KASUGAI et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 69, 2160 (1998).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. SAKAMOTO et al., “High Power 170 GHz Gyrotron with Synthetic Diamond Window,” Rev. Sci. Instrum., 70, 208 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. ISAYAMA et al., “Complete Stabilization of a Tearing Mode in Steady State High βp H-Mode Discharges by the First Harmonic Electron Cyclotron Heating/Current Drive on JT-60U,” Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, 42, L37 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. GANTENBEIN et al., “Complete Suppression of Neoclassical Tearing Modes with Current Drive at the Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance Frequency in ASDEX Upgrade Tokamak,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 85, 1242 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. ZOHM et al., “The Physics of Neoclassical Tearing Modes and Their Stabilization by ECCD in ASDEX Upgrade,” Nucl. Fusion, 41, 197 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• A. ISAYAMA et al., “Achievement of High Fusion Triple Product, Steady-State Sustainment and Real-Time NTM Stabilization in High-βp ELMy H-Mode Discharges in JT-60U,” Nucl. Fusion, 43, 1272 (2003).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. C. LUCE et al., “Stabilization of m = 2/1 Tearing Modes by Electron Cyclotron Current Drive in the DIII-D Tokamak,” Proc. 13th Joint Workshop Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Heating, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 2005, p. 220, A. LITVAK, Ed., Institute of Applied Physics (2005).
   Google Scholar
• R. PRATER, “Application of Electron Cyclotron Current Drive on ITER,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 25, 257 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• H. ZOHM et al., “Comparison of the Performance of Different Options for the ITER ECRH Upper Launcher,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 25, 234 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Y. YOSHIMURA et al., “Achievement of 1 Hour Discharge with ECRH on LHD,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 25, 189 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• T. SHIMOZUMAet al., “Progress on Electron Cyclotron Heating and Electron Cyclotron Current Drive Experiments in LHD,” Fusion Eng. Des., 50, 403 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• “Technical Basis for ITER Final Design Report, 2001,” available on the Internet at www.iter.org.
   Google Scholar
• T. IMAI et al., “ITER R&D: Auxiliary Systems: Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive System,” Fusion Eng. Des., 55, 281 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. ERCKMANN et al., “The 140 GHz, 10MW, CW ECRH Plant for W7-X: A Training Field for ITER,” presented at 21st International Atomic Energy Agency Fusion Energy Conf., Chengdu, China, October 16–21, 2006 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• K. FELCH et al., “Recent ITER-Relevant Gyrotron Test,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 25, 13 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• G. DAMMERTZ et al., “High-Power Gyrotron Development at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe for Fusion Applications,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 34, 173 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• M. THUMM et al., “A High-Efficiency Quasi-Optical Mode Converter for a 140-GHz 1-MW CW Gyrotron,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 52, 5, 818 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• G. G. DENISOV et al., “Method for Synthesis of Waveguide Mode Converters,” J. Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 47, 8, 615 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• J. NEILSON, “Optimal Synthesis of Quasi-Optical Launchers for High-Power Gyrotrons,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 34, 635 (2006).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. V. CHIRKOV et al., “Huygens Principle Application for the Field Analysis of and Synthesis in Oversized Waveguides,” J. Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 49, 5 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• R. MINAMI et al., “The Designs of High Efficiency Launcher of Quasi-Optical Mode Converter for High Power Gyrotrons,” J. Infrared Millimeter Waves, 27, 1, 13 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• A. V. CHIRKOV et al., “Study of the Synthesized Launcher for the 105-140 GHz Multi-Frequency Gyrotron,” Conference Digest Joint 31st Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electronics, Shanghai, China, September 19–23, 2006, p. 377 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• J. NEILSON, “Quasi-Optical Launchers for Step-Tunable Gyrotrons,” Proc. 14th Joint Workshop Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating, Santorini Island, Greece, May 9–12, 2006, p. 483, A. LAZAROS, Ed., Heliotopos Conferences, Ltd. (2006).
   Google Scholar
• R. S. SUSSMANN et al., “Properties of Bulk Polycrystalline CVD Diamond,” Diamond Related Mater., 3, 303 (1994).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. HEIDINGER, “Dielectric Property Measurement on CVD Diamond Grades for Advanced Gyrotron Windows,” Conference Digest 19th Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Sendai, Japan, 1994, p. 277, K. SAKAI and T. YONEYAMA, Eds. (1994).
   Google Scholar
• J. R. BRANDON et al., “Development of CVD Diamond RF Windows for ECRH,” Fusion Eng. Des., 53, 553 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• C. DARBOS et al., “Status of the ECRH System on Tore Supra,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 25, 51 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• O. BRAZ et al., “D-Band Frequency Step Tuning of a 1 MW Gyrotron Using a Brewster Output Window,” Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves, 18, 8, 1465 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• G. G. DENISOV et al., “Multi-Frequency Gyrotron with BN Brewster Window,” Conference Digest Joint 31st Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electronics, Shanghai, China, September 19–23, 2006, p. 75 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• G. YU et al., “Potentials of SiC as a Gyrotron Window Material,” Conference Digest Joint 29th Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves/12th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electronics, Karlsruhe, Germany, September 27–October 1, 2004, p. 299, M. THUMM and W. KASPARECK, Eds. (2004).
   Google Scholar
• R. IVES et al., “Development of a 1MW CW Waterload for Gaussian Mode Gyrotron,” Conference Digest Joint 23rd Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Colchester, United Kingdom, September 7–11, 1998, p. 226 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• M. MAKOWSKI, “ECRF System for ITER,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 24, 1023 (1996).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. SAKAMOTO et al., “Development of 170 GHz and 110 GHz Gyrotrons for Fusion Devices,” Nucl. Fusion, 43, 729 (2003).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. SAKAMOTO et al., “Development of Long Pulse and High Power 170 GHz Gyrotron,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 25, 8 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• A. KASUGAI et al., “Long Pulse Operation of 170 GHz ITER Gyrotron by Beam Current Control,” Fusion Eng. Des., 81, 2791 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• A. KASUGAI et al., “Development of 170 GHz Gyrotron for ITER,” Conference Digest Joint 31st Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electronics, Shanghai, China, September 19–23, 2006, p. 202 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• K. SAKAMOTO et al., “Development of the 170 GHz Gyrotron and Equatorial Launcher for ITER,” Proc. 21st Fusion Energy Conf., Chengdu, China, October 16–21, 2006, International Atomic Energy Agency (2006).
   Google Scholar
• M. TSUNEOKA et al., “Development of High Efficiency and Crowbar Switchless dc Power Supply for 1 MWCWCPD Gyrotron,” Int. J. Electronics, 86, 233 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. V. USACHEV et al., “Development of 170 GHz/1 MW/CW Gyrotron for ITER,” Proc. 13th Joint Workshop Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Heating, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 2005, p. 398, A. LITVAK, Ed., Institute of Applied Physics (2005).
   Google Scholar
• A. LITVAK, “Development of Megawatt Gyrotrons for Nuclear Fusion in Russia,” Conference Digest Joint 31st Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electronics, Shanghai, China, September 19–23, 2006, p. 8 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• M. V. AGAPOVA et al., “Recent Results in the Development of 170 GHz/CW Gyrotrons for ITER,” Conference Digest Joint 31st Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electronics, September 19–23, 2006, p. 516 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• A. LITVAK, “Development in Russia of High Power Gyrotrons for Fusion,” Proc. 21st Fusion Energy Conf., Chengdu, China, October 16–21, 2006, International Atomic Energy Agency (2006).
   Google Scholar
• B. PIOSCZYK et al., “165-GHz Coaxial Cavity Gyrotron,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 32, 853 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• B. PIOSCZYK et al., “A 2-MW, 170-GHz Coaxial Cavity Gyrotron,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 32, 413 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• B. PIOSCZYK et al., “A2MW, 170 GHz Coaxial Cavity Gyrotron-Experimental Verification of the Design of Main Components,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 25, 24 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• B. PIOSCZYK et al., “170 GHz, 2MW, CW, Coaxial Cavity Gyrotron for ITER,” Proc. 21st Fusion Energy Conf., Chengdu, China, October 16–21, 2006, International Atomic Energy Agency (2006).
   Google Scholar
• J. P. HOGGE et al., “Development of a 2-MW, CW Coaxial Gyrotron at 170 GHz and Test Facility for ITER,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 25, 33 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• H. BRAUNE et al., “HV-system for CW-Gyrotrons at W7-X and the Relevance for ITER,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 25, 56 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• M. BLANK et al., “Demonstration of a High-Power Long Pulse 140-GHz Gyrotron Oscillator,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 32, 867 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• G. DAMMERTZ et al., “Progress in the 10 MW ECRH System for the Stellarator W7-X,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 32, 144 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• G. DAMMERTZ et al., “140 GHz High-Power Gyrotron Development for the Stellarator W7-X,” Fusion Eng. Des., 74, 217 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• G. GANTENBEIN et al., “Experimental Results of the 1MW, 140 GHz, CW Gyrotron for W7-X,” Proc. 21st Fusion Energy Conf., Chengdu, China, October 16–21, 2006, International Atomic Energy Agency (2006).
   Google Scholar
• V. ERCKMANN et al., “The 140 GHz, 10 MW, CWECRH Plant for W7-X: A Training Field for ITER,” Proc. 21st Fusion Energy Conf., Chengdu, China, October 16–21, 2006, International Atomic Energy Agency.
   Google Scholar
• D. WAGNER et al., “New Frequency Step-Tunable ECRH System for ASDEX Upgrade,” Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves, 27, 173 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• V. E. ZAPEVALOV et al., “Development of a 1-MW 105-156 GHz Step Tunable Gyrotron,” Radiophys. Quantum Electron., 48, 443 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• V. O. NICHIPRENKO et al., “State of the Art of 1MW/105-140GHz/10sec Gyrotron Project in Gycom,” Conference Digest Joint 31st Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electronics, Shanghai, China, September 19–23, 2006, p. 338 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• D. WAGNER et al., “Commissioning of the New Multi-Frequency ECRH System for ASDEX Upgrade,” Conference Digest Joint 31st Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electronics, Shanghai, China, September 19–23, 2006, p. 172 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• K. KAJIWARA et al., “High Power Operation of 110 GHz Gyrotron at 1.2MW on the JT-60 ECRF System,” Fusion Eng. Des., 65, 439 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• J. ANDERSON et al., “Studies of the 1.5-MW 110-GHz Gyrotron Experiment,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 32, 877 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• E. M. CHOI et al., “Experimental Results for a 1.5MW, 110GHz Gyrotron Oscillator with Reduced Mode Competition,” Phys. Plasma, 13, 023103 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• M. BOTTON et al., “MAGY: A Time-Dependent Code for Simulation of Slow and Fast Microwave Source,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 26, 882 (1998).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. M. CHOI etal., “Single Stage Depressed Collector Experimental Results from a 110 GHz 1.5 MW Gyrotron at MIT,” Conference Digest Joint 31st Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electronics, Shanghai, China, September 19–23, 2006, p. 22 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• V. ZAPEVALOV et al., “Low Frequency Gyrotrons for Fusion,” Proc. 13th Joint Workshop Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Heating, IAP, Russia, 2005, p. 403, A. LITVAK, Ed., Institute of Applied Physics (2005).
   Google Scholar
• T. IMAI et al., “Upgrade Program of ECRH System for GAMMA 10,” presented at 6th Int. Conf. Open Magnetic System for Plasma Confinement, Tsukuba, Japan, July 18–21, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• T. KARIYA et al., “Optimization of 28 GHz Gyrotron Output Performance for ECRH Experiment of the GAMMA 10,” presented at 6th Int. Conf. Open Magnetic System for Plasma Confinement, Tsukuba, Japan, July 18–21, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• G. G. DENISOV et al., “24–28GHz Gyrotron-Based Sources for Technological Applications,” Conference Digest Joint 31st Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves/14th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electronics, Shanghai, China, September 19–23, 2006, p. 75 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• T. CHO et al., “Progress in Potential Formation and Findings in the Associated Radially Sheared Electric-Field Effects on Suppressing Intermittent Turbulent Vortex-Like Fluctuations and Reducing Transverse Losses,” Nucl. Fusion, 45, 1650 (2005).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. KOPPENBURG et al., “Fast Frequency Step Tunable High Power Gyrotron with Hybrid Magnet System,” IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices, 48, 101 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• K. SAKAMOTO et al., “Development of High Power and Long Pulse 170GHz Gyrotron,” Proc. 14th Joint Workshop Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating, Santorini Island, Greece, May 9–12, 2006, p. 517, A. LAZAROS, Ed., Heliotopos Conferences, Ltd. (2006).
   Google Scholar
• H. ZOHM and M. THUMM, “On the Use of Step Tunable Gyrotrons in ITER,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 25, 274 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• H. ZOHM et al., “Control of MHD Instabilities by ECCD: ASDEX Upgrade Results and Implications for ITER,” Proc. 21st Fusion Energy Conf., Chengdu, China, October 16–21, 2006, International Atomic Energy Agency (2006).
   Google Scholar
• T. FUJII et al., “Operational Progress of the 110 GHz-4MW ECRF Heating System in JT-60U,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 25, 45 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• G. DAMMERTZ et al., “Power Modulation Capabilities of the 140GHz/1MW Gyrotron for the Stellarator Wendelstein 7-X,” Fusion Eng. Des., 66–68, 497 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• T. BONICELLI et al., “High Frequency/High Voltage Solid State Body Power Supplies for CPD Gyrotrons,” Proc. 22nd Symp. Fusion Technology (SOFT’02), Helsinki, Finland, September 2002, p. 543 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• G. TADDIA et al., “High Voltage Solid State Gyrotron Body Power Supply,” Proc. 14th Joint Workshop Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating, Santorini Island, Greece, May 9–12, 2006, A. LAZAROS, Ed., Heliotopos Conferences, Ltd. (2006).
   Google Scholar
• K. TOBITA et al., “Design Study of Fusion DEMO Plant at JAERI,” Fusion Eng. Des., 81, 1151 (2006).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. SAKAMOTO et al., “Conceptual Study of ECH/ECCD System for Fusion DEMO Plant,” Fusion Eng. Des., 81, 1263 (2006).
   Google Scholar