Recent advances in mucosal delivery of vaccines: role of mucoadhesive/biodegradable polymeric carriers

Bibliography

• Csaba N, Garcia-Fuentes M, Alonso MJ. Nanoparticles for nasal vaccination. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009;61:140-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann JF, Acevedo R, Campo JD, Delivery systems: a vaccine strategy for overcoming mucosal tolerance? Expert Rev Vaccin 2009;8:103-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra N, Goyal AK, Vaidya B, Biodegradable polymer based particulate carrier(s) for the delivery of proteins and peptide. Anti-Inflam Anti-Aller Med Chem 2008;7:240-51
   Google Scholar
• Vyas SP, Gupta PN. Implication of nanoparticles/microparticles in mucosal vaccine delivery. Expert Rev Vaccin 2007;6:401-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nugent J, Po AL, Scott EM. Design and delivery of non-parenteral vaccines. J Clin Pharm Ther 1998;23:257-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neutra MR, Kozlowski PA. Mucosal vaccines: the promise and the challenge. Nat Rev Immunol 2006;6:148-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aziz MA, Midha S, Waheed SM, Bhatnagar R. Oral vaccines: new needs, new possibilities. Bioessays 2007;29:591-604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butcher EC, Williams M, Youngman K, Lymphocyte trafficking and regional immunity. Adv Immunol 1999;72:209-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlin C, Berg EL, Briskin MJ, Alpha 4 beta 7 integrin mediates lymphocyte binding to the mucosal vascular addressin MAdCAM-1. Cell 1993;74:185-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowman EP, Kuklin NA, Youngman KR. The intestinal chemokine thymus-expressed chemokine (CCL25) attracts IgA antibody-secreting cells. J Exp Med 2002;195:269-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell DJ, Butcher EC. Intestinal attraction: CCL25 functions in effector lymphocyte recruitment to the small intestine. J Clin Invest 2002;110:1079-81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mowat AM. Anatomical basis of tolerance and immunity to intestinal antigens. Nat Rev Immunol 2003;3:331-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonoda E, Matsumoto R, Hitoshi Y, Transforming growth factor beta induces IgA production and acts additively with interleukin 5 for IgA production. J Exp Med 1989;170:1415-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spalding DM, Williamson SI, Koopman WJ, McGhee JR. Preferential induction of polyclonal IgA secretion by murine Peyer's patch dendritic cell-T cell mixtures. J Exp Med 1984;160:941-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki H, Sekine S, Kataoka K, Ovalbumin-protein σ1 M cell targeting facilitates oral tolerance with reduction of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Gastroenterology 2008;135:917-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamada H, Hiroi T, Nishiyama Y, Identification of multiple isolated lymphoid follicles on the antimesenteric wall of the mouse small intestine. J Immunol 2002;168:57-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Premier RR, Meeusen EN. Lymphocyte surface marker and cytokine expression in peripheral and mucosal lymph nodes. Immunology 1998;94:363-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kellermann SA, McEvoy LM. The Peyer's patch microenvironment suppresses T cell responses to chemokines and other stimuli. J Immunol 2001;167:682-90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jump RL, Levine AD. Murine Peyer's patches favor development of an IL-10-secreting, regulatory T cell population. J Immunol 2002;168:6113-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato TO, Owen RL. Structure and function of intestinal mucosal epithelium. In: Ogra R, Mestecky J, Lamm M, , editors. Mucosal immunology. Academic Press Inc, San Diego, USA; 1999. p. 115-32
   Google Scholar
• Regoli M, Bertelli E, Borghesi C, Three-dimensional (3D-) reconstructions of M cells in rabbit Peyer's patches: definition of the intraepithelial compartment of the follicle-associated epithelium. Anat Rec 1995;243:19-26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Owen RL, Ermak TH. Structural specializations for antigen uptake and processing in the digestive tract. Springer Semin Immunopathol 1990;12:139-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrianov AK, Payne LG. Polymeric carriers for oral uptake of microparticulates. Adv Drug Del Rev 1998;34:155-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacon A, Makin J, Sizer PJ, Carbohydrate biopolymers enhance antibody responses to mucosally delivered vaccine antigens. Infect Immun 2000;68:5764-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertram U, Bernard MC, Haensler J, In situ gelling nasal inserts for influenza vaccine delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; In press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rescigno M, Urbano M, Valzasina B, Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria. Nat Immunol 2001;2:361-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne LG, Jenkins SA, Andrianov A, Roberts BE. Water soluble phosphazene polymers for parenteral and mucosal vaccine delivery. In: Powell MF, Newman MJ, eds. Vaccine design: the subunit and adjuvant approach. Plenum Press, New York; 1995. p. 473-92
   Google Scholar
• Payne LG, Jenkins SA, Woods AL, Poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] (PCPP) is a potent immunoadjuvant for an influenza vaccine. Vaccine 1998;16:92-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaganathan KS, Vyas SP. Strong systemic and mucosal immune responses to surface- modified PLGA microspheres containing recombinant Hepatitis B antigen administered intranasally. Vaccine 2006;24:4201-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta PN, Mahor S, Rawat A, Lectin anchored stabilized biodegradable nanoparticles for oral immunization: 1. Development and in vitro evaluation. Int J Pharm 2006;318:163-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Hagan DT. The intestinal uptake of particles and the implications for drug and antigen delivery. J Anat 1996;189:477-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dea-Ayuela MA, Rama-Iniguez S, Torrado-Santiago S, Bolas-Fernandez F. Microcapsules formulated in the enteric coating copolymer Eudragit L100 as delivery systems for oral vaccination against infections by gastrointestinal nematode parasites. J Drug Target 2006;14:567-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tafaghodi M, Sajadi Tabasi SA, Jaafari MR. Formulation, characterization and release studies of alginate microspheres encapsulated with tetanus toxoid. J Biomater Sci Poly Ed 2006;17:909-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturesson C, Degling WL. Comparison of poly (acryl starch) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres as drug delivery system for a rotavirus vaccine. J Control Release 2000;68:441-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litwin A, Flanagan M, Entis G, Immunologic effects of encapsulated short ragweed extract: a potent new agent for oral immunotherapy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1996;77:132-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haining WN, Anderson DG, Little SR, pH-triggered microparticles for peptide vaccination. J Immunol 2004;173:2578-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janes KA, Fresneau MP, Marazuela A, Chitosan nanoparticles as delivery systems for doxorubicin. J Control Release 2001;73:255-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felt O, Buri P, Gurny R. Chitosan: a unique polysaccharide for drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1998;24:979-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Artursson P, Lindmark T, Davis SS, Illum L. Effect of chitosan on the permeability of monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Pharm Res 1994;11:1358-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illum L, Jabbal-Gill I, Hinchcliffe H, Chitosan as a novel nasal delivery system for vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2001;51:81-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis SS. Delivery of protein and non-peptide drugs through the respiratory tract. Pharm Sci Technolo Today 1999;2:450-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis SS. The use of soluble polymers and polymer microparticles to provide improved vaccine responses after parenteral and mucosal delivery. Vaccine 2006;24(Suppl 2):S2-7-10
   Google Scholar
• Dodane V, Khan MA, Merwin JR. Effect of chitosan on epithelial permeability and structure. Int J Pharm 1999;182:21-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith J, Wood E, Dornish M. Effect of chitosan on epithelial cell tight junctions. Pharm Res 2004;21:43-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denker BM, Nigam SK. Molecular structure and assembly of tight junction. Am J Physiol 1998;274:F1-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schipper NG, Olsson S, Hoogstraate JA, Chitosan as absorption enhancers for poorly absorbable drugs. 2. mechanism of absorption enhancement. Pharm Res 1997;14:923-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illum L. Chitosan and its use as a pharmaceutical excipient. Pharm Res 1998;15:1326-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith JM, Dornish M, Wood EJ. Involvement of protein kinase C in chitosan glutamate-mediated tight junction disruption. Biomaterials 2005;26:3269-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotzé AF, Thanou MM, Luessen HL, Effect of the degree of quaternization of N-trimethyl chitosan chloride on the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Eur J Pharm. Biopharm 1999;47:269-74
   Google Scholar
• Brooking J, Davis SS, Illum L. Transport of nanoparticles across the rat nasal mucosa. J Drug Target 2001;9:267-79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamman JH, Kotzé AF. Effect of the type of base and number of reaction steps on the degree of quaternization and molecular weight of N-trimethyl chitosan chloride. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2001;27:373-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domard A, Rinaudo M, Terrassin C. New method for the quaternization of chitosan. Int J Biol Macromol 1986;8:105-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamman JH, Schultz CM, Kotzé AF. N-trimethyl chitosan chloride: optimum degree of quaternization for drug absorption enhancement across epithelial cells. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2003;29:161-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baudner BC, Morandi M, Giuliani MM, Modulation of immune response to group C meningococcal conjugate vaccine given intranasally to mice together with the LTK63 mucosal adjuvant and the trimethyl chitosan delivery system. J Infect Dis 2004;189:828-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baudner BC, Verhoef JC, Giuliani MM, Protective immune responses to meningococcal C conjugate vaccine after intranasal immunization of mice with the LTK63 mutant plus chitosan or trimethyl chitosan chloride as novel delivery platform. J Drug Target 2005;13:489-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verheul RJ, Amidi M, van der Wal S, Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biological properties of O-methyl free N,N,N-trimethylated chitosan. Biomaterials 2008;29:3642-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieval AB, Thanou M, Kotze AF, Preparation and NMR characterization of highly substituted N-trimethyl chitosan chloride. Carbohydr Polymers 1998;36:157-65
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borges O, Tavares J, de Sousa A, Evaluation of the immune response following a short oral vaccination schedule with hepatitis B antigen encapsulated into alginate-coated chitosan nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Sci 2007;32:278-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borges O, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Tavares J, Immune response by nasal delivery of hepatitis B surface antigen and codelivery of a CpG ODN in alginate coated chitosan nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008;69:405-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seferian PG, Martinez ML. Immune stimulating activity of two new chitosan containing adjuvant formulations. Vaccine 2000;19:661-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayın B, Somavarapu S, Li XW, TMC–MCC (N-trimethyl chitosan–mono-N-carboxymethyl chitosan) nanocomplexes for mucosal delivery of vaccines. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009;38:362-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonyo W, Junginger HE, Waranuch N, Chitosan and trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) as adjuvants for inducing immune responses to ovalbumin in mice following nasal administration. J Control Release 2007;121:168-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amidi M, Romeijn SG, Verhoef JC, N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles loaded with influenza subunit antigen for intranasal vaccination: biological properties and immunogenicity in a mouse model. Vaccine 2007;25:144-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Giudice G, Baudner B, O'Hagan D. Mucosal vaccines with chitosan adjuvant and/or meningococcal antigens. EP1506008; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Alonso F, Janes K, Csaba N. Nanoparticles of chitosan and polyethyleneglycol as a system for the administration of biologically-active molecules. W0/2006/097558; 2006
   Google Scholar
• Bowersock TL, Park K, Porter RE. Alginate-based vaccine compositions. US19975674495; 1997
   Google Scholar
• Goosen MFA, O'shea GM, Sun AME. Microencapsulation of living tissue and cells. US19894806355; 1989
   Google Scholar
• Gombotz WR. Mumper RJ. Bouchard LS, Hoffman AS. Methods and compositions for the oral delivery of therapeutic agents. US5451411; 1995
   Google Scholar
• Wolf BW, Garleb KA, Choe YS, Pullulan is a slowly digested carbohydrate in humans. J Nutr 2003;133:1051-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkstrand MJ, Beeley NRF, Varner SE, Chudzik SJ. In-vivo formed matrices including natural biodegradale polysaccharides and ophthalmic uses thereof. US2007071792A1; 2007
   Google Scholar
• Balthasar S, Michaelis K, Dinauer N, Preparation and characterization of antibody modified gelatin nanoparticles as drug carrier system for uptake in lymphocytes. Biomaterials 2005;26:2723-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illum L. Small particle drug compositions. WO/1991/006282; 1991
   Google Scholar
• Singh M, Briones M, O'Hagan DT. A novel bioadhesive intranasal delivery system for inactivated in?uenza vaccines. J Control Release 2001;70:267-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Hagan D, Pavesio A. Use of hyaluronic acid polymers for mucosal delivery of vaccine and adjuvants. US6824793; 2004
   Google Scholar
• Gupta RK, Singh M, O'Hagan DT. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles for the development of single-dose controlled-release vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1998;32:225-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado A, Lavelle EC, Hartshorne M, Davis SS. PLG microparticles stabilised using enteric coating polymers as oral vaccine delivery systems. Vaccine 1999;17:2927-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee HK, Park JH, Choi NS, Single-shot vaccine formulation. US5753234; 1998
   Google Scholar
• O'Hagan DT, Nest GV, Ott GS, Use of microparticles with adsorbed antigen to stimulate immune responses. US20030049298A1; 2003
   Google Scholar
• Burnett PR, Van Hamont JE, Reid RH, Vaccines against intracellular pathogens using antigens encapsulated within biodegradable-biocompatible microspheres. US5762965; 1998
   Google Scholar
• Kohn J, Langer R. Bioresorbable and bioerodible materials. Biomaterials Academic Press, San Diego; 1996
   Google Scholar
• Grandfils C, Jerome R, Nihant N, Teyssie P. Biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles designed for proteinaceous drugs absorption and delivery. US5962566; 1999
   Google Scholar
• O'Hagan DT. Immunogenic compositions containing microparticles comprising adsorbed toxoid and polysaccharide-containing antigens. US2005118275A1; 2005
   Google Scholar
• Kumar N, Langer RS, Domb AJ. Polyanhydrides: an overview. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2002;54:889-910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne LG, Andrianov AK. Protein release from polyphosphazene matrices. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1998;31:185-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrianov AK, Decollibus DP, Gillis HA, Immunostimulating polyphosphazene compounds for intradermal immunization. US20090041810; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Gerber JD. Adjuvant composition for mucosal and injection delivered vaccines. US6676958; 2004
   Google Scholar
• See JR. See DM. Method for inducing a systemic immune response to an antigen. US6015576; 2000
   Google Scholar
• Gerber JD. Adjuvant compositions and methods for delivering vaccines. US20080292663A1; 2008
   Google Scholar
• Nicoletti C. Unsolved mysteries of intestinal M cells. Gut 2000;47:735-9
   Google Scholar
• Brayden DJ, Jepson MA, Baird AW. Keynote review: intestinal Peyer's patch M cells and oral vaccine targeting. Drug Discov Today 2005;10:1145-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd W, De Lorimier A, Zheng ZR, Cassels FJ. Microencapsulated subunit vaccine approach to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and other mucosal pathogens. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2005;57:1362-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Y, Wang X, Csencsits KL, M-cell targeted DNA vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001;98:9318-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki T, Yoshikawa Y, Ashida H, High vaccine efficacy against shigellosis of recombinant non-invasive Shigella mutant that expresses Yersinia invasin. J Immunol 2006;177:4709-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavelle EC, Grant G, Pusztai A, The identification of plant lectins with mucosal adjuvant activity. Immunology 2001;102:77-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster N, Clark MA, Jepson MA, Hirst BH. Ulex europaeus 1 lectin targets microspheres to mouse Peyer's patch M-cells in vivo. Vaccine 1998;16:536-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannasca PJ, Giannasca KT, Leichtner AM, Neutra MR. Human intestinal M cells display the sialyl Lewis A antigen. Infect Immun 1999;67:946-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh P, Prabakaran D, Jain S, Cholera toxin B subunit conjugated bile salt stabilized vesicles (bilosomes) for oral immunization. Int J Pharm 2004;278:379-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain S, Vyas SP. Mannosylated niosomes as adjuvant-carrier system for oral mucosal immunization. J Liposome Res 2006;16:331-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gough PM, Platt KB. Lectin-containing anti-viral vaccines for domestic animals and method of preparation. US4470967; 1984
   Google Scholar
• Durrer C, Irache JM, Duchene D, Ponchel G. Study of the interactions between nanoparticles and intestinal mucosal. Progr Colloid Polym Sci 1994;97:275-80
   Google Scholar
• Kim B, Bowersock T, Griebel P, Mucosal immune responses following oral immunization with rotavirus antigens encapsulated in alginate microspheres. J Control Release 2002;85:191-202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manocha M, Pal PC, Chitralekha KT, Enhanced mucosal and systemic immune response with intranasal immunization of mice with HIV peptides entrapped in PLG microparticles in combination with Ulex Europaeus-1 lectin as M-cell target. Vaccine 2005;23:5599-617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith MW, Thomas NW, Jenkins PG, Selective transport of microparticles across Peyer's patch follicle-associated M cells from mice and rats. Exp Physiol 1995;80:735-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porta C, James PS, Phillips AD, Confocal analysis of fluorescent bead uptake by mouse Peyer's patch follicle-associated M cells. Exp Physiol 1992;77:929-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou F, Kraehenbuhl JP, Neutra MR. Mucosal IgA response to rectally administered antigen formulated in IgA-coated liposomes. Vaccine 1995;13:637-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappo J, Ermak TH, Steger HJ. Monoclonal antibody-directed targeting of fluorescent polystyrene microspheres to Peyer's patch M cells. Immunology 1991;73:277-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ugur S, Ozlem T, Dirk U, Monoclonal antibodies against claudin-18 for treatment of cancer. US20090169547; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Henderson B, Poole S, Wilson M. Bacterial modulins: a novel class of virulence factors which cause host tissue pathology by inducing cytokine synthesis. Microbiol Rev 1996;60:316-41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Young VB, Falkow S, Schoolnik GK. The invasin protein of Yersinia enterocolitica: internalization of invasion-bearing bacteria by eukaryotic cells is associated with reorganization of the cytoskeleton. J Cell Biol 1992;116:197-207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jepson MA, Clark MA. Studying M cells and their role in infection. Trends Microbiol 1998;6:359-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garinot M, Fie'vez V, Pourcelle V, PEGylated PLGA-based nanoparticles targeting M cells for oral vaccination. J Control Release 2007;120:195-204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picking WD, Picking WL, Oaks EV. Method for the production of purified invasin protein and use thereof. US20070202124A1; 2007
   Google Scholar
• Aguilar JC, Rodriguez EG. Vaccine adjuvants revisited. Vaccine 2007;25:3752-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGhee JR, Mestecky J, Dertzbaugh MT, The mucosal immune system: from fundamental concepts to vaccine development. Vaccine 1992;10:75-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain S, Singh P, Mishra V, Vyas SP. Mannosylated niosomes as adjuvant-carrier system for oral genetic immunization against hepatitis B. Immunol Lett 2005;101:41-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain S, Sharma RK, Vyas SP. Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated vesicular systems for oral immunization: preparation, in-vitro and in-vivo characterization. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006;58:303-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid RH, Setterstrom JA, Boedeker E, Vaccines against diseases caused by enteropathogenic organisms using antigens encapsulated within biodegradable-biocompatible microspheres. US20030161889; 2003
   Google Scholar
• Singh M, O'Hagan D. Use of bioadhesives and adjuvants for the mucosal delivery of antigens. US20050281843; 2005
   Google Scholar
• O'Hagan D, Ott G, Donnelly J, Microemulsions with adsorbed macromolecules and microparticles. US20070116709; 2007
   Google Scholar
• Sokoll KK, Chong P, Klein MH. Biodegradable targetable microparticle delivery system. US20050163745; 2005
   Google Scholar
• O'Hagan D, Singh M, Klinman DM. Immunogenic compositions containing Anthrax antigen, biodegradable polymer microparticles, and polynucleotide-containing immunological adjuvant. US20080317784; 2008
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez MA, Janes K, Csaba N. Nanoparticles of chitosan and polyethyleneglycol as a system for the administration of biologically-active molecules. US20080095810; 2008
   Google Scholar
• Guidice G, Baudner B. Mucosal vaccines with chitosan adjuvant and meningococcal antigens. US20060051378; 2006
   Google Scholar
• Makin JC, Bacon AD. Influenza vaccine composition with chitosan adjuvant. US6534065; 2003
   Google Scholar
• Zorzin L, Sava G. Polysaccharide double-layer microcapsules as carriers for biologically active substance oral administration. US2006228422; 2006
   Google Scholar
• Chatfield SN, Illum L. Vaccine compositions including chitosan for intranasal administration and use thereof. US7323183; 2008
   Google Scholar
• Mohapatra S, Lee DW. Controlled and sustained gene transfer mediated by thiol-modified polymers. WO2007086923; 2007
   Google Scholar
• Rao KK. Polymerized solid lipid nanoparticles for oral or mucosal delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides. US20080311214; 2008
   Google Scholar
• Hilgers L. Polyanionic polymers as adjuvants for mucosal immunization US6610310; 2003
   Google Scholar
• Jeong SY, Kwon IC, Park JA. Vaccine compositions using antigens encapsulated within alginate microspheres for oral administration and preparation process thereof. WO2001000233; 2001
   Google Scholar
• King M. Use of charged dextran as a mucoactive agent and methods and pharmaceutical compositions relating thereto. US20040224922; 2004
   Google Scholar
• Erlanger BF, Kabet EA, Wang D. Methods relating to immunogenic dextran- protein conjugates. US6287568; 2001
   Google Scholar
• Chang RC, Kivirikko KI, Neff TB, Recombinant gelatin in vaccines. EP2011874; 2009
   Google Scholar
• O'Hagan D, Lavelle E. Plant lectins as mucosal adjuvants. US20050169938; 2005
   Google Scholar
• Young E, Segal A. Lectin compositions and methods for modulating an immune response to an antigen. US20040241137; 2004
   Google Scholar
• Parmely MJ, Medhekar R, Collier A. Therapeutic alkaline protease compositions and use in facilitating the transport of agents across the gastrointestinal mucosal lining. US20090068174; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Tokushima JP. Antigen-drug vehicle enabling switch from selective production of IgA antibody to production of both of IgA and IgG antibodies and transnasal/mucosal vaccine using the same. US20090130131; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Fox BS. Antibody therapy for modulating function of intestinal receptors. WO2009020748; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Koff WC, Phogat S. Antigen-antibody complexes as HIV-1 vaccines. WO2009058989; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Readett DRJ, Jungnelius JUB, Gomez-Navarro J, Anti-CTLA-4 antibody and CpG-Motif- containing synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide combination therapy for cancer treatment. US20090117132; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Koff WC, Phogat S. Antigen antibody complexes as HIV-1 vaccines. US20090123485; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Hsei V, Koumenis I, Leong S., Antibody fragment-polymer conjugates and uses of same. US20090098147; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Gillies SD, Lan Y, Holden S. Enhancement of antibody-cytokine fusion protein mediated immune responses by combined treatment with immunocytokine uptake enhancing agents. US7517526; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Chatterjee M, Foon KA, Chatterjee SK. Monoclonal antibody 1A7 and use for the treatment of melanoma and small cell carcinoma. US7517967; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Gillies SD, Burger C, Lo KM. Enhancing the circulating half-life of antibody-based fusion proteins. US7507406; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Allan CB. Stabilized high concentration Anti-Integrin alphavbeta 3 antibody formulations. US20090053238; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Gomez-Navarro J, Baum CM. Anti-CTLA-4 antibody and Indolinone combination therapy for treatment of cancer. US20090074787; 2009
   Google Scholar
• Sims JE, O'Neal LF. Methods for treating disease with an IL-1R antibody. US20090022733; 2009
   Google Scholar