Inhibitors of sodium-hydrogen exchange as therapeutic agents for the treatment of heart disease

Bibliography

• LEEM CH, LAGADIC-GOSSMANN D, VAUGHAN-JONES RD: Characterization of intracellular pH in the guinea-pig ventricular myocyte. I Physiol (London) (1999) 517(1):159–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPITZER KW, VAUGHAN-JONES RD: Chapter 1. Regulation of intracellular pH in mammalian cells. In: The Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger. From Molecule to its Role M Disease. M Karmazyn, M Avkiran, L Fliegel (Eds), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London (2003):1–15.
   Google Scholar
• ••Excellent comprehensive review ofintracellular pH regulation.
   Google Scholar
• ORLOWSKI J, GRINSTEIN S: Chapter 2. Molecular and Functional Diversity of Mammalian Na+/H+ Exchangers. In: The Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger. From Molecule to its Role M Disease. M Karmazyn, M Avkiran, L Fliegel (Eds), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London (2003):17–34.
   Google Scholar
• ••Excellent comprehensive review ofmolecular aspects of NHE isoforms.
   Google Scholar
• BELLER GA, CONROY J, SMITH TW: Ischemia-induced alterations in myocardial (Na+-1(±)-ATPase and cardiac glycoside binding. Clin. Invest. (1976) 57:341–350.
   Google Scholar
• KARMAZYN M, GAN XT, HUMPHREYS RA, YOSHIDA H, KUSUMOTO K: The myocardial Na+-11+ exchange: structure, regulation and its role in heart disease. Circ. Res. (1999) 85:777–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Thorough review of mechanisms underlyingNHE involvement in heart disease.
   Google Scholar
• KARMAZYN M, MOFFAT MP: Role of Na+/H+ exchange in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology: mediation of myocardial reperfusion injury by the pH paradox. Cardiovasc. Res. (1993) 27:915–924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NASS R, RAO R: Novel localization of a Na+/H+ exchanger in a late endosomal compartment of yeast. Implications for vacuole biogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) 273:21054–21060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRETT CL, WEI Y, DONOWITZ M, RAO R: Human Na+/H+ exchanger isoform6 is found in recycling endosomes of cells, not in mitochondria. Am. .1 Physiol Cell Physioi (2002) 282:C1031–C1041.
   Google Scholar
• NUMATA M, ORLOWSKI J: Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel (Na+,K+)/H+ exchanger localized to the trans-Golgi network.j Biol. Chem. (2001) 276:17387–17494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOYAL S, VAN DEN HEUVEL G, ARONSON PS: Renal expression of novel Na+-H+ exchanger isoform NHE-8. Am. Physiol (2003) 284:F467–F473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ORLOWSKI J, KANDASAMY RA: Delineation of transmembrane domains of the Na+/H+ exchanger that confer sensitivity to pharmacological antagonists. J. Biol. Chem. (1996) 271:19922–19927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BIANCHINI L, POUYSSEGUR J: Regulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform NHEl: role of phosphorylation. Kidney Int. (1996) 49:1038–1041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Important study dealing with phosphorylation-dependent NHE-1 regulation.
   Google Scholar
• PETRECCA K, ATANASIU R, GRINSTEIN S, ORLOWSKI J, SHRIER A: Subcellular localization of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE-1 in rat myocardium. Am. Physiol (1999) 276:H709–H717.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAKABAYASHI S, FAFOURNOUX P, SARDET C, POUYSSEGURJ: The Na/ H+ antiporter cytoplasmic domain mediates growth factor signals and controls 'H' sensing. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA (1992) 89:2424–2428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KINSELLA JL, HELLER P, FROHLICH JP: Na+/H+ exchanger: proton modifier site regulation of activity. Biochem. Cell. Biol. (1998) 76:743–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KHANDOUDI N, HO J, KARMAZYN M: Role of sodium/hydrogen exchange in mediating the effects of endothelin-1 on the normal and ischemic and reperfused heart. Circ. Res. (1994) 75:369–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOO SH, LEE CO: Effects of endothelin-1 on Ca2+ signaling in guinea pig ventricular myocytes: role of protein kinase C. MM. Cell. Cardiol (1999) 31:631–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MATSUI H, BARRY WH, LIVSEY C, SPITZER KW: Angiotensin II stimulates sodium-hydrogen exchange in adult rabbit ventricular myocytes. Cardiovasc. Res. (1995) 29:215–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUNASEGARAM S, HAWORTH RS, HEARSE DJ, AVKIRAN M: Regulation of sarcolemmal Na+/H+ exchanger activity by angiotensin II in adult rat ventricular myocytes: opposing actions via ATi versus AT2 receptors. Circ. Res. (1999) 85:919–930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Interesting study demonstrating diversereceptor-dependent effects of Ang II on NHE-1 activity in cardiac cells.
   Google Scholar
• WALLERT MA, FROHLICH O: al-Adrenergic stimulation of Na+-H+ exchange in cardiac myocytes. Am.' Physiol. (1992) 263:C1096–C1102.
   Google Scholar
• •First demonstration of NHE-1 activation in cardiac cells by aradrenergic stimulation.
   Google Scholar
• YOKOYAME H, YASUTAKE M, AVKIRAN M: al-Adrenergic stimulation of sarcolemmal Na+-H+ exchanger activity in rat ventricular myocytes: evidence for selective mediation by the abodrenoceptor subtype. Circ. Res. (1998) 82:1078–1085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YASUTAKE M, HAWORTH RS, KING A, AVKIRAN M: Thrombin activates the sarcolemmal Na+-H+ exchanger: evidence for a receptor-mediated mechanism involving protein kinase C. Circ. Res. (1996) 79:705–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BIANCHINI L, L'ALLEMAIN G, POUYSSEGUR J: The p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is determinant in mediating activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-1 isoform) in response to growth factors. " Biol. Chem. (1996) 272:271–279.
   Google Scholar
• •Demonstration of the importance of MAPK in NHE-1 activation.
   Google Scholar
• COUNILLON L, POUYSSEGUR J: Structure-function studies and molecular regulation of the growth factor activatable sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE-1). Cardiovasc. Res. (1995) 29:147–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SICZKOWSKI M, NG LL: Phorbol ester activation of the rat vascular myocyte Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1. Hypertension (1996) 27:859–866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SABRI A, BYRON KL, SAMAREL AM, BELL J, LUCCHESI PA: Hydrogen peroxide activates mitogen-activated protein kinases and Na+-H+ exchange in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Circ. Res. (1998) 82:1053–1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Demonstration of NHE-1 activation by hydrogen peroxide.
   Google Scholar
• HOQUE ANE, HAIST JV, KARMAZYN M: Na+-H+ exchange inhibition protects against mechanical, ultrastructural, and biochemical impairment induced by low concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine in isolated rat hearts. Circ. Res. (1997) 80:95–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Demonstration for a role of NHE-1 in lysophosphatidylcholine-induced cardiac injury.
   Google Scholar
• WANG H, SILVA NL, LUCCHESI PA et al.: Phosphorylation and regulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger through mitogen-activated protein kinase. Biochemistry (1997) 29:9151–9158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOOR AN, FLIEGEL L: Protein kinase- mediated regulation of the Na±/H+ exchanger in the rat myocardium by mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathways. J. Biol. Chem. (1999) 274:22985–22992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEKO Y, TOBE K, UEKI K, KADOWAKI T, YAZAKI Y: Hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation activate Raf-1, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and S6 kinase in cultured rat cardiac myocytes. Circ. Res. (1996) 78:82–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAKEISHI Y, ABE J, LEE J, KAWAKATSU H, WALSH RA, BERK BC: Differential regulation of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase and big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 by ischemia/reperfusion and oxidative stress in perfused guinea pig hearts. Circ. Res (1999) 85:1164–1172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BERTRAND B, WAKABAYSHI S, IKEDA T, POUYSSEGUR J, SHIGEKAWA M: The Na±/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE-1) is a novel member of the calmodulin-binding proteins: identification and characterization of calmodulin-binding sites. J. Biol Chem. (1994) 269:13703–13709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAKABAYASHI S, BERTRAND B, IKEDA T, POUYSSEGURJ, SHIGEKAWA M: Mutation of calmodulin-binding site renders the Na±/H+ exchanger (NHE-1) highly H±-sensitive and Ca2+ regulation-defective. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) 269:13710–13715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOSS GG, WOODSIDE M, WAKABAYASHI S et al: ATP dependence of NHE-1, the ubiquitous isoform of the Na±/H+ antiporter: analysis of phosphorylation and subcellular localization. Biol Chem. (1994) 269:8741–8748.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AHARONOVITZ O, DEMAUREX N, WOODSIDE M, GRINSTEIN S: ATP dependence is not an intrinsic property of Na±/H+ exchanger NHE-1: requirement for an ancillary factor. Jim. J. Physic] (1999) 276:C1303–C1311.
   Google Scholar
• AHARONOVITZ O, ZAUN HC, BALLA T et al.: Intracellular pH regulation by Na±/H+ exchange requires phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate, J. Cell Biol. (2000) 150:213–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DHANASEKARAN N, PRASAD MV, WADSWORTH SJ, DERMOTT JM, VAN ROSSUM G: Protein kinase C-dependent and -independent activation of Na+/H+ exchanger by Go12 class of G-proteins. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) 269:11802–11816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KITAMURA K, SINGER WD, CANO A, MILLER RT: Gc,q and Gc13 regulate NHE-1 and intracellular Na+ in epithelial cells. J.Physiol. (1995) 268:C101–C110.
   Google Scholar
• VOYNO-YASENETSKYA T, CONKLIN BR, GILBERT RL, HOOLEY R, BOURNE HR, BARBER DL: Gun stimulates Na+-H+ exchange. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) 269:4721–4724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOOLEY R, YU C, SYMONS M, BARBER DL: Gc13 stimulates Na+-H+ exchange through distinct cdc41-dependent and RhoA-dependent pathways. I Biol. Chem. (1996) 271:6152–6158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CROSS HR, LU L, STEENBERGEN C, PHILIPSON KD, MURPHY E: Overexpression of the cardiac Na±/Ca2+ exchanger increases susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury in male, but not female, transgenic mice. Circ. Res (1998) 83:1215–1223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First demonstration showing deleteriouseffects of Na+-Ca2+ exchange overexpression.
   Google Scholar
• KLEYMAN TR, CRAGOE EJ: Amiloride and its analogs as tools in the study of ion transport. J. Membr: Biol. (1988) 105:1–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAUMGARTH M, BEIER N, GERICKE R: (2-Methyl-5-(methylsulfony0benzoy0 guanidine Na±/H+ antiporter inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. (1997) 40:2017–2034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAUMGARTH M, BEIER N, GERICKE R: Bicyclic acylguanidine Nei HF antiporter inhibitors. Med. Chem (1998) 41:3736–3747.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KLEEMAN HW, WEICHERT AG: Recent developments in the field of inhibitors of the Na±/H+ exchanger. _Drugs (1999) 2:1009–1025.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KNIGHT DR, SMITH AH, FLYNN DM et al.: A novel sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 inhibitor, zoniporide, reduces ischemic myocardial injury M vitro and in vivo. I Pharmacol Exp. Ther. (2001) 297:254–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TOURET N, TANNEUR V, GODART H et al.: Characterization of sabiporide, a new-specific NHE-1 inhibitor exhibiting slow dissociation kinetics and cardioprotective effects. Eut: Pharmacol (2003) 459:151–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AHMAD S, DOWEYKO LM, DUGAR S et al.: Arylcyclopropanecarboxyl guanidines as novel, potent, and selective inhibitors of the sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform-1. J. Med. Chem. (2001) 44:3302–3310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG D, BALKOVETZ DF, WARNOCK DG: Mutational analysis of transmembrane histidines in the amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchanger. Physic] (1995) 269:C392–C402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LANG HJ: Chapter 16. Chemistry of NHE inhibitors. In: The Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger. From Molecule to its Role M Disease. M Karmazyn, M Avkiran, L Fliegel (Eds) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London (2003):239–253.
   Google Scholar
• ••Detailed review of the chemistry of NHE-1inhibitors.
   Google Scholar
• HUMPHREYS RA, HAIST JV, CHAKRABARTI S, FENG QO, ARNOLD JMO, KARMAZYN M: Orally administered NHE-1 inhibitor cariporide reduces acute responses to coronary occlusion and reperfusion. Am. Physiol (1999) 276:H749–H757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AYE NN, KOMORI S, HASHIMOTO K: Effects and interaction, of cariporide and preconditioning on cardiac arrhythmias and infarction in rat in vivo. Br. .1. Pharmacol (1999) 127:1048–1055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUGIYAMA A,AYE NN, HASHIMOTO K: Cariporide, a highly selective Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor, supresses the reperfusion-induced lethal arrhythmias and 'overshoot' phenomenon of creatine phosphate in situ rat heart. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol (1999) 33:116–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LINZ W, ALBUS U, CRAUSE P et al.: Dose-dependent reduction of myocardial infarct mass in rabbits by the NHE-1 inhibitor cariporide (HOE-642). Gin. Exp. Hypertens. (1998) 20:733–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Interesting study showing dose-dependent effects of cariporide and locus of protection.
   Google Scholar
• EIGEL BN, HADLEY RVV: Contribution of the Na+ channel and Na+/H+ exchanger to the anoxic rise of [Na'] in ventricular myocytes. Am. Physiol (1999) 277:H1817–H1822.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HARTMANN M, DECKING UK: Blocking Na+-H+ exchange by cariporide reduces Na+-overload in ischemia and is cardioprotective. Md. Cell Cardiol (1999) 31:1985–1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DHEIN S, KRUSEMANN K, ENGELMANN F, GOTTWALD M: Effects of the type-1 Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor cariporide (HOE-642) on cardiac tissue. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol (1998) 357:662–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ENG S, MADDAFORD TG, KARDAMI E, PIERCE GN: Protection against myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury by inhibitors of two separate pathways of Na + entry. .1 Cardiol (1998) 30:829–835.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MATHUR S, KARMAZYN M: Cardioprotective effects of propofol and sevoflurane in ischemic and reperfused rat hearts: role of KAip channels and interaction with sodium-hydrogen exchange inhibitor HOE-642 (cariporide). Anesthesiology (1999) 91:1349–1360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUMINA RJ, MIZUMURA T, BEIER N, SCHELLING P, SCHULTZ JJ, GROSS GJ: A new sodium/hydrogen exchange inhibitor, EMD-85131, limits infarct size in dogs when administered before or after coronary artery occlusion. J. Pharinacal Exp. Ther. (1998) 286:175–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUMINA RJ, BUERGER E, EICKMEIER C, MOORE J, DAEMMGEN J, GROSS GJ: Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger confers greater cardioprotection against 90 minutes of myocardial ischemia than ischemic preconditioning in dogs. Circulation (1999) 100:2519–2526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First demonstration of a superiorcardioprotective effect of NHE-1 inhibition compared to preconditioning.
   Google Scholar
• GUMINA RJ, DAEMMGENJ, GROSS GJ: Inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger attenuates Phase lb ischemic arrhythmias and reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation. Eur..1. Phannacol (2000) 396:119–124.
   Google Scholar
• TODA H, NOGUCHI T, MIGAYASHI A et al.: Cardioprotection of SM-15681, an Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor in ischemic and hypoxic isolated rat hearts. Int. J. Tissue. React (1999) 21:61–70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ITO Y, IMAI S, UI G et al.: A Na+-H+ exchange inhibitor (SM-20550) protects from microvascular deterioration and myocardial injury after reperfusion. Eur: Pharmacol (1999) 374:355–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BANNO H, FUJIWARA J, HOSOYA J et al.: Effects of MS-31038, a novel Na+-H+ exchange inhibitor, on the myocardial infarct size in rats after postischemic administration. Arzneimittelforschung (1999) 49:304–310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OHARA F, SUGIMOTO T, YAMAMOTO N et al.: Preischemic and postischemic treatment with a new Na±/1-1±-exchange inhibitor, FR-183998, shows cardioprotective effects in rats with cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. Cardiovasc. Pharmacy]. (1999) 34:848–856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OHARA F, SUGIMOTO T, YAMAMOTO N et al.: Protective effect of FR-168888, a new Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor, on ischemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmia and myocardial infarction in rats: in comparison with other cardioprotective compounds. fpn. Pharinacal (1999) 80:295–302.
   Google Scholar
• SCHOLZ W, ALBUS U, COUNILLON L et al.: Protective effect of HOE -642, a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor, on cardiac ischaemia andreperfusion. Cardiovasc. Res. (1995) 29:260–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First demonstration of the cardioprotectiveeffects of cariporide.
   Google Scholar
• MURRY CE, RICHARD VJ, REIMER KA, JENNINGS RB: Ischemic preconditioning slows energy metabolism and delays ultrastructural damage during a sustained ischemic episode. Circ. Res. (1990) 66:913–931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIPOLINI AR, YOKOYAMA H, GALINANES M, EDMONSDSON SJ, HEARSE DJ, AVKIRAN M: Na+/H+ exchanger activity does not contribute to protection by ischemic preconditioning in the isolated rat heart. Circulation (1997) 96:3617–3625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAIST JV, HIRST CN, KARMAZYN M: Effective protection by NHE-1 inhibition in81.the ischemic and reperfused heart under preconditioning blockade. Am. J. Physial (2003) 284:H798–H803.
   Google Scholar
• AYE NN, XUE YX, HASHIMOTO K: Antiarrhythmic effects of cariporide, a novel Na+-H+ exchange inhibitor, on reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias in rat hearts. Eur: Pharinacal (1997) 339:121-127.82.
   Google Scholar
• WU D, STASSEN JM, SEIDLER R, DOODS H: Effects of BIIB-513 on ischemia-induced arrhythmias and myocardial infarction in anesthetized rats. Basic. Res. Cardial (2000) 95:449–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LORRAIN J, BRIAND V, FAVENNEC E et al.: Pharmacological profile of SL-59 1227, a novel inhibitor of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger. Br. J. Pharinacal (2000) 131:1188-1194.83.
   Google Scholar
• WIRTH KJ, MAIER T, BUSCH AE: NHE 1-inhibitor cariporide prevents the transient reperfusion-induced shortening of the monophasic action potential after coronary ischemia in pigs. Basic Res. Cardial (2001) 96:192–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GAZMURI RJ, AYOUB IM, HOFFNER E, KOLAROVA JD: Successful ventricular defibrillation by the selective sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 inhibitor cariporide. Circulation (2001) 104:234–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Important finding demonstratingprotection by cariporide in a cardiac arrest model.
   Google Scholar
• BIAN JS, PEU JM, CHEUNG CS, ZHANG WM, WONG TM: ic-Opioid receptor stimulation induces arrhythmia in the isolated rat heart via the protein kinase C/ Na*I-1+ exchange pathway. j Mal Cardial (2001) 32:1415–1427.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YASUTAKE M, AVKIRAN M: Exacerbation of reperfusion arrhythmias by aradrenergic stimulation: a potential role for receptor-mediated activation of sarcolemmal sodium-hydrogen exchange. Cardiovasc. Res. (1995) 29:222–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAYACHANDRAN JV, ZIPES DP, WEKSLER J, OLGIN JE: Role of the Na/ H+ exchanger in short-term atrial electrophysiological remodeling. Circulation (2000) 101:1861–1866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THEROUX P, CHAITMAN BR, DANCHIN N et al.: Inhibition of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger with cariporide to prevent myocardial infarction in high-risk ischemic situations. Main results of the GUARDIAN trial. Circulation (2000) 102:3032-3038. Findings of the GUARDIAN study.
   Google Scholar
• RUPPRECHT HJ, VOM DAHL J, TERRES W et al.: Cardioprotective effects of the Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor cariporide in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction undergoing direct PTCA. Circulation (2000) 101:2902-2908. Clinical demonstration for cardioprotection by cariporide.
   Google Scholar
• ZEMER U, SURYAPRANATA H, MONASSIER JP et al.: The Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor eniporide as an adjunct to early reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Results of the evaluation of the safety and cardioprotective effects of eniporide in acute myocardial infarction (ESCAMI) trial. film. Coll Cal-dial (2001) 38:1644-1650. Findings of the ESCAMI study.
   Google Scholar
• CINGOLANI HE, ALVAREZ BV, ENNIS IL,CAMILLION DE HURTADO MC: Stretch-induced alkalinization of feline papillary muscle. An autocrine-paracrine system. Circ. Res. (1998) 83:775–780.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YAMAZAKI T, KOMURO I, KUDOH S et al.: Role of ion channels and exchanger in mechanical stretch-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Circ. Res. (1998) 82:430–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HORI M, NAKATSUBO N, KAGIYA T et al.: The role of Na+/H+ exchange in norepinephrine-induced protein synthesis in neonatal cultured cardiomyocytes. fpn. Circ. J. (1990) 54:535–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HASEGAWA S, NAKANO M, TANIGUCHI Y et al.: Effects of Na+-H+ exchange blocker amiloride on left ventricular remodeling after anterior myocardial infarction in rats. Cardiovasc. Drugs. Ther. (1995) 9:823–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TANIGUCHI Y, NAKANO M, HASEGAWA S et al.: Beneficial effect of amiloride, a Na+-H+ exchange blocker, in a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol Pharmacol (1996) 92:201–210.
   Google Scholar
• KUSUMOTO K, HAIST JV, KARMAZYN M: Na±/H+ exchange inhibition reduces hypertrophy and heart failure following myocardial infarction in rats. Am. Physiol (2001) 280:H738–H745.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YOSHIDA H, KARMAZYN M: Na±/H+ exchange inhibition attenuates hypertrophy and heart failure in 1-wk postinfarction rat myocardium. Am. .1. Physiol (2000) 278:H300–H304.
   Google Scholar
• ••First demonstration of beneficial effects of aselective NHE-1 inhibitor against experimental heart failure.
   Google Scholar
• SPITZNAGEL H, CHUNG O, XIA Q et al.: Cardioprotective effects of the Nei 1-1±-exchange inhibitor cariporide in infarct-induced heart failure. Cairliovasc. Res. (2000) 46:102–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN L, GAN XT, HAIST JV et al: Attenuation of compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure following monocrotafine induced pulmonary vascular injury by the Na+-H+ exchange inhibitor cariporide. Pharmacol Exp. The]: (2001) 298:469–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First demonstration of beneficial effects of aselective NHE-1 inhibitor against experimental right ventricular hypertrophy.
   Google Scholar
• ENGELHARDT S, HEIN L, KELLER U, KLAMBT K, LOHSE MJ: Inhibition of Na*H+ exchange prevents hypertrophy, fibrosis, and heart failure in aradrenergic receptor transgenic mice. Circ. Res (2002) 90:814–819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First demonstration of beneficial effects of aselective NHE-1 inhibitor against a genetic heart failure model.
   Google Scholar
• GU JW, ANAND V, SHEK EW et al.: Sodium induces hypertrophy of cultured myocardial myoblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension (1998) 31:1083–1087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAYASAKI-KAJIWARA Y, KITANO Y, IWASAKI T et al.: Na + influx via Na11-1±-exchange activates protein kinase C isozymes 8 and E in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Ma Cell. Cardiol (1999) 31:1559–1572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YAMAZAKI T, KOMURO I, KUDOH S et al.: Role of ion channels and exchanger in mechanical stretch-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Circ. Res. (1998) 82:430–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar