Telithromycin: a new ketolide antimicrobial for treatment of respiratory tract infections

Bibliography

• THORNSBERRY C, SAHM DF: Antimicrobial resistance in respiratory tract pathogens: results of an interna-tional surveillance study. Chemotherapy (2000) 46 (Suppl. 1) :15–23.
   Google Scholar
• •Recent study of 11,502 respiratory tract isolates from nine countries to monitor world-wide resistance rates to commonly used antimicrobial agents.
   Google Scholar
• BRYSKIER A: New research in macrolides and ketolides since 1997. Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs (1999) 8:1171–1194.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••Comprehensive review of the structure and preclinicaldevelopment of the macrolides and ketolides.
   Google Scholar
• DOUTHWAITE S, MAUVAIS P, CHAMPNEY S, BRYSKIER A: Structure-activity relationship of the ketolide telithro-mycin (IIMR 3647). 5th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain (2000):Abstract 2.02.
   Google Scholar
• CHAMPNEY WS, TOBER CL: Inhibition of translation and 50S ribosomal subunit formation in Staphylo-coccus aureus cells by 11 different ketolide antibiotics. Curr. Microbial. (1998) 37:418–425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOUTHWAITE S, MAUVAIS P, HAASTRUP HANSEN L: The C11,12-carbamate side chain of the ketolide antimicro-bial telithromycin (HMR 3647) enhances binding to both MIS-sensitive and -resistant ribosomes. 5th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain (2000):Abstract 2.01.
   Google Scholar
• DOUTHWAITE S, HANSEN LH, MAUVAIS P: Macrolide-ketolide inhibition of MIS-resistant ribosomes is improved by alternative drug interaction with domain II of 23S r RNA. Mol. Microbial. (2000) 36:183–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DATA ON FILE: Telithromycin global investigator's brochure. Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Parsippany, NJ, USA (1999).
   Google Scholar
• BOSWELL FJ, ANDREWS JM, ASHBY JP, FOGARTY C, BRENWALD NP, WISE R: The in-vitro activity of IIMR 3647, a new ketolide antimicrobial agent. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (1998) 42:703–709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AGOURIDAS C, BONNEFOY A, CHANTOT JF: Suscepti-bility testing condition used and antibacterial activity of RU 004. Program and Abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy San Francisco, CA, USA (1995):Abstract F–169.
   Google Scholar
• HOBAN DJ, ZHANEL GG, KARLOWSKY JA: In vitro activity of the novel ketolide IIMR 3647 and compara-tive oral antibiotics against Canadian respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Diagn. Microbial Infect. Dis. (1999) 35:37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Telithromycin was the most active agent against Strepto-coccus pneumoniae.
   Google Scholar
• SOULI M, GREKA P, KORATZANIS G etal.: In vitro activity of macrolides, ketolides, streptogramins and oxazolidinones against 373 Gram-positive recent clinical isolates. Program and Abstracts of the 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy San Francisco, CA, USA (1999):Abstract 2160a.
   Google Scholar
• HOELLMAN DB, UN G, JACOBS MR, APPELBAUM PC: Activity of HMR 3647 compared to those of six compounds against 235 strains of Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1999) 43:166–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Telithromycin was more active in vitro than comparator macrolides, clindamycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin.
   Google Scholar
• MALATHUM K, COQUE TM, SINGH KV, MURRAY BE: In vitro activities of two ketolides, I-1MR 3647 and HMR 3004, against Gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1999) 43:930–936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Ketolides were more potent than erythromycin againstalmost all isolates. MIC values of ketolides were higher when isolates were erythromycin-resistant.
   Google Scholar
• MARTINEZ-MARTINEZ L, PASCUAL A, SUAREZ Al, PEREA EJ: In vitro activities of ketolide3647, macrolidesand clindamycin against coryneform bacteria. Antimi-crob. Agents Chemother. (1998) 42:3290–3292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SORIANO F, FERNANDEZ-ROBLAS R, CALVO R, GARCIA-CALVO G: In vitro susceptibilities of aerobic and facultative non-spore-forming Gram-positive bacilli to IIM11 3647 (RU 66647) and 14 other antimicrobials. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998) 42:1028–1033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARRY AL, FUCHS PC, BROWN SD: In vitro activity of the new ketolide HMR 3004 compared to an azalide and macrolides against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Eur. J. Clin. Microbial. Infect. Dis. (1997) 16:767–769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •The potency of telithromycin against Haemophilus influenzae was similar to that of azithromycin.
   Google Scholar
• BIEDENBACH DJ, BARRETT MS, JONES RN: Comparative antimicrobial activity and kill-curve investigations of novel ketolide antimicrobial agents (IIMII 3004 and IIMR 3647) tested against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis strains. Diagn. Microbial. Infect. Dis. (1998) 31:349–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOPPE JE, BRYSKIER A: In vitro susceptibilities of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis to two ketolides (HMR 3004 and HMR 3647), four macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythro-mycin A and roxithromycin) and two ansamycins (rifampin and rifapentine). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998) 42:965–966.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOOTTON M, BOWKER KE, JANOWSKA A, HOLT HA,MACGOWAN AP: In-vitro activity of HMR 3647 against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and 3-haemolytic streptococci. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (1999) 44:445–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Telithromycin's activity compared favourably with seven comparator antimicrobials. Erythromycin susceptibility in Streptococcus pneumoniae and r3-haemolytic streptococci and cefuroxime susceptibility in Haemophilus influenzae affected telithromycin MIC values.
   Google Scholar
• SCHULIN T, WENNERSTEN CB, FERRARO MJ, MOELLERING RC, JR., ELIOPOULOS GM: Susceptibilities of Legionella spp. to newer antimicrobials in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998) 42:1520–1523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROBLIN PM, HAMMERSCHLAG MR: In vitro activity of anew ketolide antibiotic, HMR3647, against Chlamydia pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998) 42:1515–1516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEBEAR CM, RENAUDIN H, AYDIN M, CHANTOT JF, BEBEAR C: In-vitro activity of ketolides against mycoplasmas. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (1997) 39:669–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEBEAR CM, RENAUDIN H, BRYSKIER A, BEBEAR C: Comparative activities of telithromycin (IIMR 3647), levofloxacin and other antimicrobial agents against human mycoplasmas. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2000) 44:1980–1982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JONES RN, BIEDENBACH DJ: Antimicrobial activity ofRU-66647, a new ketolide. Diagn. Microbial. Infect. Dis. (1997) 27:7–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •The activity of telithromycin was tested in over 800 clinical isolates of a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
   Google Scholar
• EDLUND C, SILLERSTROM E, WAHLUND E, NORD CE: In vitro activity of HMR 3647 against anaerobic bacteria. J. Chemother. (1998) 1 0 :280–284.
   Google Scholar
• EDNIE LM, JACOBS MR, APPELBAUM PC: Comparative antianaerobic activities of the ketolides IIMR3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41:2019–2022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLDSTEIN EJ, CITRON DM, MERRIAM CV, WARREN Y, TYRRELL K: Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithro-mycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1999) 43:2801–2805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLDSTEIN EJ, CITRON DM, GERARDO SH, HUDSPETH M, MERRIAM CV: Activities of HIMR3004 (RU64004) and HMR 3647 (RU 66647) compared to those of erythro-mycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin and eight other antimicrobial agents against unusual aerobic and anaerobic human and animal bite pathogens isolated from skin and soft tissue infections in humans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998) 42:1127–1132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RASTOGI N, GOH KS, BERCHEL M, BRYSKIER A: In vitro activities of the ketolides telithromycin (IIIVIR 3647) and3004 compared to those of clarithromycin against slowly growing mycobacteria at pHs 6.8 and 7.4. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother (2000) 44:2848–2852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARAUJO FG, KHAN AA, SLIFER TL, BRYSKIER A, REMINGTON JS: The ketolide antibiotics IIMR3647 and IIMR 3004 are active against Taxoplasma gondii in vitro and in murine models of infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41:2137–2140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROLAIN JM, MAURIN M, BRYSKIER A, RAOULT D: In vitro activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647) against Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsia prowazekii, Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, Bartonella bacilliforrnis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2000) 44:1391–1393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DUBOIS J, ST-PIERRE C: Bactericidal activity and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of telithromycin (HMR 3647) and other antimicrobial agents against respira-tory pathogens. 5th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain, (2000):Abstract 3.08.
   Google Scholar
• PANKUCH GA, HOELLMAN DB, LIN G, BAJAKSOUZIAN S, JACOBS MR, APPELBAUM PC: Activity of HMR 3647 compared to those of five agents against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis by MIC determination and time-kill assay. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998) 42:3032–3034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAMILTON-MILLER JM, SHAH S: Comparative in-vitro activity of ketolide3647 and four macrolidesagainst Gram-positive cocci of known erythromycin susceptibility status. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (1998) 41:649–653.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BOSWELL FJ, ANDREWS JM, WISE R: Pharmacodynamic properties of3647, a novel ketolide, on respira-tory pathogens, enterococci and Bacteroides fragilis demonstrated by studies of time-kill kinetics and postantibiotic effect. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (1998) 41:149–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIES TA, DEWASSE BE, JACOBS MR, APPELBAUM PC: In vitro development of resistance to telithromycin (HMR 3647), four macrolides, clindamycin and pristi-namycin in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2000) 44:414–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VESGA 0, ANDES D, CRAIG WA: Comparative in vivo activity of IIMR 3657, azithromycin (AZ), clarithro-mycin (CL) and roxithromycin (RX) against S. pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Program and Abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicro-bial Agents and Chemotherapy. Toronto, Canada (1997):Abstract F–258.
   Google Scholar
• VESGA 0, BONNAT C, CRAIG WA: In vivo pharmacody-namic activity of IIMR 3647, a new ketolide. Program and Abstracts of the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada (1997):Abstract F–255.
   Google Scholar
• •The AUC:MIC ratio was the most important determinant of in vivo efficacy in a murine thigh infection model.
   Google Scholar
• PIROTH L, DESBIOLLES N, LEQUEU C, CHARLES PE, PORTIER H, CHAVANET P: HMR 3647 Humanlike treatment of experimental pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant and erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Program and Abstracts of the 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy San Francisco, CA, USA (1999):Abstract 2330.
   Google Scholar
• MITTEN M, MEULBROEK J, PAIGE L et al.: Efficacies ofABT-773 and HMR-3647 against respiratory pathogens causing acute systemic infections in mice and lung infections in rats. Program and Abstracts of the 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy San Francisco, CA, USA (1999):Abstract 2150.
   Google Scholar
• PIPER KE, ROUSE MS, STECKELBERG JM, WILSON WR,PATEL R: Ketolide treatment of Haemophilus influenzae experimental pneumonia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1999) 43:708–710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EDELSTEIN PH, EDELSTEIN MA: In vitro activity of theketolide HMR 3647 (RU 6647) for Legionella spp., its pharmacokinetics in guinea pigs and use of the drug to treat guinea pigs with Legionella pneumophila pneumonia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1999) 43:90–95.
   Google Scholar
• ARAUJO FG, KHAN AA, BRYSKIER A, REMINGTON JS: Useof ketolides in combination with other drugs to treat experimental toxoplasmosis. j Antimicrob. Chemother. (1998) 42:665–667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAMOUR F, WESSELS D, PASCUAL M, REYNOLDS D, SULTAN E, LENFANT B: Dose proportionality of the pharmacokinetics of telithromycin (I-IMR3647), anew ketolide antimicrobial, in healthy adult males. 5th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain (2000):Abstract 9.22.
   Google Scholar
• SULTAN E, LENFANT B, WABLE C, PASCUAL M, MERYER B:Pharmacokinetic profile of the ketolide telithromycin (IIMR 3647) 800 mg once daily in elderly volunteers. 5th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain (2000):Abstract 9.23.
   Google Scholar
• LENFANT B, PERRET C, PASCUAL M: The bioavailabilityof telithromycin (HMR 3647), a new once daily ketolide antimicrobial, is unaffected by food. 5th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain (2000):Abstract 9.24.
   Google Scholar
• LENFANT B, SULTAN E, WABLE C, PASCUAL M, MERYER B:Pharmacokinetics of 800 mg once daily oral dosing of the ketolide antimicrobial telithromycin (HMR 3647) in healthy young subjects. 5th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain (2000):Abstract 9.21.
   Google Scholar
• MULLER SERIEYS C, CANTALLOUBE C, SOLER P et al.: Theketolide antimicrobial, telithromycin (IIMR 3647), achieves high and sustained concentrations in bronchopulmonary tissues. 5th International Confer-ence on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain (2000):Abstract 9.26.
   Google Scholar
• GIA H, ROEDER V, NAMOUR F, SULTAN E, LENFANT B:Telithromycin (HMR 3647) achieves high and sustained concentrations in white blood cells in man. 5th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain (2000):Abstract 9.27.
   Google Scholar
• MIOSSEC-BARTOLI C, PILATRE L, PEYRON P et al.: Thenew ketolide 11MR3647 accumulates in the azurophil granules of human polymorphonuclear cells. Antimi-crob. Agents Chemother. (1999) 43:2457–2462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Telithromycin is highly concentrated in the azurophil granules of mature neutrophils but was poorly internalised by other cell types.
   Google Scholar
• SULTAN E, NAMOUR F, MAURIAC C, LENFANT B, SCHOLTZ H: The ketolide antimicrobial, telithromycin (HMR 3647), is metabolized and eliminated predomi-nantly in the faeces in man. 5th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain (2000):Abstract 9.31.
   Google Scholar
• LABBE G, FLOR M, LENFANT B: cytochrome P-450(CYP-450) activity is not inhibited in vitro by telithro-mycin (HMR 3647), a new ketolide. 5th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain (2000):Abstract 9.28.
   Google Scholar
• SCHOLTZ H, SULTAN E, WESSELS D, HUNDT A, PASSOT V:Telithromycin (14MR 3647), a new ketolide antimicro-bial, does not affect the reliability of low-dose, triphasic oral contraceptives. 5th International Confer-ence on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain (2000):Abstract 9.29.
   Google Scholar
• SCHOLTZ H, PRETORIOUS S, WESSELS D, MOGILNICKA E,VAN NIEKERK N, SULTAN E: telithromycin (11MR3647), a new ketolide antimicrobial, does not affect the pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics of warfarin in healthy adult males. 5th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. Seville, Spain (2000):Abstract 9.30.
   Google Scholar
• HAGBERG L, TORRES A, VAN RENSBURG D, LEROY B,MANICKAM R, RUUTH E: Efficacy and tolerability of telithromycin (HMR3547) vs. high-dose amoxicillin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Program and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada (2000):Abstract 2244.
   Google Scholar
• TELLIER G, HASSMAN J, LEROY B, SIDAROUS E,YOUNGBLOOD D: Oral telithromycin (HMR 3647) 800 mg once daily is well tolerated and as effective as oral clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult. Program and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicro-bial Agents and Chemotherapy. Toronto, Canada (2000):Abstract 2227.
   Google Scholar
• PULLMAN J, CHAMPLIN J, LEROY B, SIDAROUS E: Oraltelithromycin (14MR 3647) 800 mg once daily for 7–10 days is well tolerated and as effective as oral trovafloxacin 200 mg once daily for 7–10 days in community-acquired pneumonia. Program and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada (2000):Abstract 2230.
   Google Scholar
• AUBIER M, ALDONS PM, LEAK A et al.: Efficacy andtolerability of a 5-day course of a new ketolide antimi-crobial, telithromycin (HMR 3647), for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) in patients with COPD. Program and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada (2000):Abstract 2241.
   Google Scholar
• DEABATE CA, HEYDER A, LEROY B, SIDAROUS E, BACKSTORM J: Oral telithromycin (11MR 3647) 800mg once daily for 5 days is well tolerated and as effective as cefuroxime axetil 500 mg twice daily for 10 days in adults with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB). 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada (2000):Abstract 2228.
   Google Scholar
• ROOS K, BRUNSWIG-PITSCHNER C, KOSTRICA R et al.:Efficacy and tolerability of a 5-day course of a new ketolide antimicrobial, telithromycin (HMR 3647), for the treatment of acute sinusitis. Program and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada (2000):Abstract 2243.
   Google Scholar
• TELLIER G, LASKO B, LEROY B, SIDAROUS E, ANDRADE C:Oral telithromycin (HMR3647) 800 mg once daily for 5 days and 10 days is well tolerated and as effective as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 500/125 mg three times daily for 10 days in acute maxillary sinusitis (AMS) in adults. Program and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada (2000):Abstract 2226.
   Google Scholar
• NORRBY SR, RABIE WJ, BACART PA et al.: Efficacy of 5days' telithromycin ( IIMR3647) vs.10 days' penicillin V in the treatment of pharyngitis in adults. Program and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada (2000):Abstract 2242.
   Google Scholar
• QUINN J, ZITER P, LEROY B, SIDAROUS E, BELKER M: Oraltelithromycin (HMR 3647) 800 mg once daily for 5 days is well tolerated and as effective as clarithro-mycin 250 mg twice daily for 10 days in Group A 3-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis. Program and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Toronto, Canada (2000):Abstract 2229.
   Google Scholar
• LEROY B, MANICKAM R: I-ligh in vitro susceptibility ofthe ketolide telithromycin (HMR 3647) in clinical isolates of key respiratory pathogens. Program and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicro-bial Agents and Chemotherapy. Toronto, Canada (2000):Abstract 2224.
   Google Scholar
• •Clinical cure and bacteriological eradication rates were 80% or greater for bacterial respiratory pathogens in ten multicentre clinical trials of community-acquired respiratory infections.
   Google Scholar
• LEROY B, MANICKAM R: Efficacy of the Ketolide telithromycin (HMR 3647) in the treatment of bacteremia associated with community-acquired pneumonia. Program and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada (2000) :Abstract 2223.
   Google Scholar
• LEROY B, MANICKAM R: Efficacy of telithromycin (IIMR 3647), a new ketolide antimicrobial, in community-acquired pneumonia caused by atypical pathogens. Program and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada (2000) :Abstract 2225.
   Google Scholar
• •The clinical cure rate for telithromycin was 80% or greater for subjects with pneumonia due to atypical pathogens.
   Google Scholar
• CARBON C, MOOLA S, VELANCSICS I, LEROY B, MANICKAM R, DECOSTA P: Efficacy of telithromycin (HMR 3647), a new once-daily antimicrobial, in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Program and Abstracts of the 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada (2000) :Abstract 2245.
   Google Scholar
• FINE MJ, AUBLE TE, YEALY DM et al.: A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. (1997) 336:243–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar