Istradefylline, a novel adenosine A_2A receptor antagonist, for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

Bibliography

• McDONALD WM, RICHARD IH, DELONG MR: Prevalence, etiology, and treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease. Biol. Psychiatry (2003) 54(3):363–375.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHASTRY BS: Parkinson disease: etiology, pathogenesis and future of gene therapy. Neurosci. Res. (2001) 41(1):5–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OLANOW CW, KOLLER WC: An algorithm (decision tree) for the management of Parkinson's disease: treatment guidelines. American Academy of Neurology. Neurology (1998)50(3 Suppl. 3):S1–S57.
   Google Scholar
• ROMRELL J, FERNANDEZ HH, OKUN MS: Rationale for current therapies in Parkinson's disease. Exp. Opin. Pharmacother. (2003) 4(10):1747–1761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FOLTYNIE T, SAWCER S, BRAYNE C, BARKER RA: The genetic basis of Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol Neurosurg. Psychiatry (2002) 73(4):363–370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOOTEN GE CURRIE LJ, BOVBJERG VE, LEE JK, PATRIE J: Are men at greater risk for Parkinson's disease than women? Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry (2004) 75(4):637–639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUTTMAN M, KISH SJ, FURUKAWA Y: Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of Parkinson's disease. Can. Med. Assoc. J. (2003) 168(3):293–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUCHOWERSKY 0: Parkinson's disease: medical treatment of moderate to advanced disease. Curr. Neurol Neurosci. Rep. (2002) 2(4):310–316.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SCHEIFE RT, SCHUMOCK GT, BURSTEIN A, GOTTWALD MD, LUER MS: Impact of Parkinson's disease and its pharmacologic treatment on quality of life and economic outcomes. Ain. Health. Syst. Pharin. (2000)57(10):953–962.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Good review of the economic impact of PD.
   Google Scholar
• DODEL RC, BERGER K, OERTEL WH: Health-related quality of life and healthcare utilisation in patients with Parkinson's disease: impact of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Phannacoeconoinics (2001) 19(10):1013–1038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KATZENSCHLAGER R, LEES AJ: Treatment of Parkinson's disease: levodopa as the first choice. J. Neurol (2002) 249\(Suppl. 2):I119–1124.
   Google Scholar
• BONUCCELLI U: Comparing dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease. Curl: Opin. Neurol (2003) 16\(Suppl. 1):513–519.
   Google Scholar
• JENNER P: Dopamine agonists, receptor selectivity and dyskinesia induction in Parkinson's disease. Curr. Opin. Neurol (2003) 16\(Suppl. 1):53–57.
   Google Scholar
• RASCOL 0, PAYOUX P, ORY F, FERREIRA JJ, BREFEL-COURBON C, MONTASTRUC JL: Limitations of current Parkinson's disease therapy. Ann. Neurol (2003) 53\(Suppl. 3):53–512.
   Google Scholar
• OLANOW CW: The scientific basis for the current treatment of Parkinson's disease. Ann. Rev Med (2004) 55:41–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SANTENS P, BOON P, VAN ROOST D, CAEMAERT J: The pathophysiology of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Belg. (2003) 103(3):129–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STOWE RL, WHEATLEY K, CLARKE CE et al: Surgery for Parkinson's disease: lack of reliable clinical trial evidence. J. Neurol Neurosurg. Psychiatry (2003) 74(4):519–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FOLLETT KA: Comparison of pallidal and subthalamic deep brain stimulation for the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Neurosurg. Focus (2004) 17(1):14–19.
   Google Scholar
• ROSIN DL, HETTINGER BD, LEE A, LINDEN J: Anatomy of adenosine A2A receptors in brain: morphological substrates for integration of striatal function. Neurology (2003) 61(11 Suppl. 6):512–518.
   Google Scholar
• MORI A, SHINDOU T: Modulation of GABAergic transmission in the striatopallidal system by adenosine A2A receptors: a potential mechanism for the antiparkinsonian effects of A2A antagonists. Neurology (2003) 61(11 Suppl. 6):544–548.
   Google Scholar
• •Mechanism-of-action investigation showing that A2A receptor antagonists modulate GABAergic synaptic transmission in both the striatum and GP to counteract abnormal activity in the indirect pathway in patients with PD.
   Google Scholar
• KASE H: Progress in pursuit of therapeutic A2A antagonists: the adenosine A2A receptor selective antagonist KW-6002: research and development toward a novel nondopaminergic therapy for Parkinson's disease. Neurology (2003)61(11 Suppl. 6):597–S100.
   Google Scholar
• AGNATI LF, FERRE S, LLUIS C, FRANCO R, FUXE K: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutical implications of intramembrane receptor/receptor interactions among heptahelical receptors with examples from the striatopallidal GABA neurons. Phannacol Rev. (2003) 55(3):509–550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Comprehensive review of the molecular Interactions among receptors expressed by strio-pallidal GABAergic neurons.
   Google Scholar
• FUXE K, AGNATI LF, JACOBSEN K et al.: Receptor heteromerization in adenosine A2A receptor signaling: relevance for striatal function and Parkinson's disease. Neurology (2003) 61(11 Suppl. 6):519–523.
   Google Scholar
• FERRE S, POPOLI P, GIMENEZ-LLORT L et al: Adenosine/ dopamine interaction: implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. (2001) 7(3):235–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERRE S, FREDHOLM BB, MORELLI M, POPOLI P, FUXE K: Adenosine-dopamine receptor-receptor interactions as an integrative mechanism in the basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci. (1997) 20(10):482–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERRE S, O'CONNOR WT, FUXE K, UNGERSTEDT U: The striopallidal neuron: a main locus for adenosine-dopamine interactions in the brain. Neurosci. (1993) 13(12):5402–5406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERRE S, FUXE K, VON EG, JOHANSSON B, FREDHOLM BB: Adenosine-dopamine interactions in the brain. Neuroscience (1992) 51(3):501–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERRE S, KARCZ-KUBICHA M, HOPE BT et al.: Synergistic interaction between adenosine A2A and glutamate mG1u5 receptors: implications for striatal neuronal function. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA (2002) 99(18):11940–11945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KASE H, MORI A, JENNER P: Adenosine A2A-receptor antagonists: beyond dopaminergic therapies for Parkinson's disease. Drug Discov. Today: Therapeutic Strategies (2004) 1(1):51–57.
   Google Scholar
• ••Good review of adenosine A2A receptorantagonists and discussion of the potential of these non-dopaminergic therapies in the treatment of PD.
   Google Scholar
• ONGINI E, MONOPOLI A, CACCIARI B, BARALDI PG: Selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Farmaco (2001) 56(1-2):87–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• EL YACOUBI M, LEDENT C, PARMENTIER M et al.: Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists are potential antidepressants: evidence based on pharmacology and A2A receptor knockout mice. BE Pharmacol (2001) 134(1):68–77.
   Google Scholar
• CHASE TN, BIBBIANI F, BARA-JIMENEZ W, DIMITROVA T, OH-LEE JD: Translating A2A antagonist KW-6002 from animal models to parkinsonian patients. Neurology (2003) 61(11 Suppl. 6):5107–S111.
   Google Scholar
• •Good review of data on the safety and efficacy of istradefylline in a number of animal models.
   Google Scholar
• KANDA T, JACKSON MJ, SMITH LA et al.: Adenosine A2A antagonist: a novel antiparkinsonian agent that does not provoke dyskinesia in parkinsonian monkeys. Ann. Neurol. (1998) 43(4):507–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KANDA T, JACKSON MJ, SMITH LA et al.: Combined use of the adenosine A2A antagonist KW-6002 with L-DOPA or with selective D1 or D2 dopamine agonists increases antiparkinsonian activity but not dyskinesia in MPTP-treated monkeys. Exp. Neurol (2000) 162(2):321–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POPOLI P, BLUM D, PINTOR A et al: The controversial role of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists as neuroprotective agents. Curl: Med. Chem. Cent. Nerv. Syst. Agents (2004) 4(1):35–45.
   Google Scholar
• AOYAMA S, KOGA K, MORI A et al: Distribution of adenosine A2A receptor antagonist KW-6002 and its effect on gene expression in the rat brain. Brain Res. (2002) 953(1-2):119–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HIRANI E, GILLIES J, KARASAWA A et al.: Evaluation of (4-0-methyl- [111C)-KW6002 as a potential PET ligand for mapping central adenosine A2A receptors in rats. Synapse (2001) 42(3):164–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROOKS DJ, DODER M, OSMAN S, et al.: Adenosine A2A receptor occupancy by istradefylline. An [11C] KW-6002 PET study in healthy subjects. Neurology (2005) 64\(Suppl. 1):A235.
   Google Scholar
• DATA ON FILE. Kyowa Pharmaceutical, Inc. Princeton, NJ, USA.
   Google Scholar
• SHIOZAKI S, ICHIKAWA S, NAKAMURA J, KITAMURA S, YAMADA K, KUWANA Y: Actions of adenosine A2A receptor antagonist KW-6002 on drug-induced catalepsy and hypokinesia caused by reserpine or MPTP. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) (1999) 147(1):90–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KWON M-0, FISCHER F, MATTHISSON M, HERRLING P: List of drugs in development for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative Dis. (2004) 1:113–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LUNDBLAD M, VAUDANO E, CENCI MA: Cellular and behavioural effects of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist KW-6002 in a rat model of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. I Neurochem. (2003) 84(6):1398–1410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OCHI M, SHIOZAKI S, KASE H: Adenosine A2A receptor-mediated modulation of GABA and glutamate release in the output regions of the basal ganglia in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience (2004) 127(1):223–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AOYAMA S, KASE H, BORRELLI E: Rescue of locomotor impairment in dopamine D2 receptor-deficient mice by an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. Neurasci. (2000) 20(15):5848–5852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Mechanism of action investigation showing that adenosine A2A and D2 receptors act independently to control neuronal and motor functions in the basal ganglia, providing evidence that selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonists can exert their anti-Parkinsonian effect through a non-dopaminergic mechanism.
   Google Scholar
• HAUSER RA, HUBBLE JP, TRUONG DD: Randomized trial of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline in advanced PD. Neurology (2003) 61(3):297–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Pivotal Phase Ha trial of the efficacy andsafety of istradefylline in patients with advanced PD. This study found that istradefylline therapy resulted in a reduction in awake time spent in the 'off' state and was generally well tolerated.
   Google Scholar
• BARA-JIMENEZ W, SHERZAI A, DIMITROVA T et al: Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neurology (2003) 61(3):293–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Pivotal Phase Ha trial of the efficacy andsafety of istradefylline in patients with advanced PD. This study found that the use of istradefylline in combination with low-dose levodopa resulted in improved Parkinsonian scores and cardinal-symptom relief.
   Google Scholar
• HAUSER RA, FRIEDLANDER J, ZESIEWICZ TA et al.: A home diary to assess functional status in patients with Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. Clin. Neuropharmacol (2000) 23(2):75–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Evaluation and discussion of the development of a patient home diary to assess dyskinesia, providing an accurate reflection of clinical status over time.
   Google Scholar
• LEWITT PA, THE 6002-US-005/6002-US-006 CLINICAL INVESTIGATOR GROUP: "OFF" time reduction from adjunctive use of istradefylline (KW-6002) in levodopa-treated patient with advanced Parkinson's disease (2004). Presented at Movement Disorder Society's 8th International Congress of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Rome, Italy (June 13–17 2004).
   Google Scholar
• STACY M, THE 6002-US-005/ 6002-US-006 CLINICAL INVESTIGATOR GROUP: Istradefylline (KW-6002) as adjunctive therapy in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease: a positive safety profile with supporting efficacy (2004). Presented at Movement Disorder SocieVs 8th International Congress of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Rome, Italy (June 13 — 17 2004).
   Google Scholar
• CHEN JF, FREDDUZZI S, BASTIA E et al.: Adenosine A2A receptors in neuroadaptation to repeated dopaminergic stimulation: implications for the treatment of dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease. Neurology (2003) 61(11 Suppl. 6):S74–S81.
   Google Scholar
• ONGINI E: Adenosine A2A receptors in nonlocomotor features of Parkinson's disease: introduction. Neurology (2003) 61(11 Suppl. 6):S72–S73.
   Google Scholar
• EL YACOUBI M, COSTENTIN J, VAUGEOIS JM: Adenosine A2A receptors and depression. Neurology (2003) 61(11 Suppl. 6):S82–S87.
   Google Scholar
• WEISS SM, WHAWELL E, UPTON R, DOURISH CT: Potential for antipsychotic and psychotomimetic effects of A2A receptor modulation. Neurology (2003) 61(11 Suppl. 6):588–593.
   Google Scholar
• KOLLER WC, CERSOSIMO MG: Neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease: an elusive goal. Curr. Neurol Neurosci. Rep. (2004) 4(4):277–283.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CASTAGNOLI N JR, PETZER JP, STEYN S et al.: Monoamine oxidase B inhibition and neuroprotection: studies on selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Neurology (2003) 61(11 Suppl. 6):S62–S68.
   Google Scholar
• LEWITT PA: Clinical trials of neuroprotection for Parkinson's disease. Neurology (2004) 63(7):S23–S31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHWARZSCHILD MA, XU K, OZTAS E et al.: Neuroprotection by caffeine and more specific A2A receptor antagonists in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Neurology (2003) 61(11 Suppl. 6):S55–S61.
   Google Scholar
• POP OLI P, FRANK C, TEBANO MT et al.: Modulation of glutamate release and excitotoxicity by adenosine A2A receptors. Neurology (2003) 61(11 Suppl. 6):S69–S71.
   Google Scholar