References
- STELLER H: Mechanisms of genes and cellular suicide. Science (1995) 267:1445–1449.
- MAJNO G, JORIS I: Apoptosis, oncosis, and necrosis. An overview of cell death. Am. J. Pathol. (1995) 146:3–15.
- HENGARTNER MD, HORVITZ HR: C elegans cell survival gene ced-9 encoded a functional homolog of the mam-malian protooncogene bc1-2. Cell (1994) 76:665–676.
- MIURA M, ZHU H, ROTELLO R, HARTWEIG EA, YUAN J: Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by 11,1 beta con-verting enzyme, a mammalian homolog of the C ele-gans cell death gene ced-3. Cell (1993) 75:653–660.
- RAY CA, BLACK R, KRONHEIM SR, GREENSTREET TA, SLEATH PR, SALVESEN GS, PICKUP DJ: Viral inhibition of Inflammation: cowpox virus encoded an inhibitor of the interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme. Cell (1992) 69:597–604.
- GAGLIARDINI V, FERNANDEZ PA, LEE RK, DREXLER HC, ROTELLO RJ, FISHMAN MC, YUAN J: Prevention of verte-brate death lby the crmA gene. Science (1994) 263:826–828.
- KULDA K, LEPPKE JA, KU G, HARDING MW, LIVINGSTON DJ, SU MSS, FLAVELL RA: Altered cytokine export and apoptosis in mice deficient in interleukin-113 converting enzyme. Science (1995) 267: 2000-2003.
- NICHOLSON DW, ALI A, THORNBERRY NA, VAILLAN-COURT JP, DING CK, GALLANT M, GAREAU Y, GRIFFIN PR, LABELLE M, LAZEBNIK YA, MUNDAY NA, RAJU SM, SUL-SON ME, YAMA TT, YU VL, MULLER DK: Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis. Nature (1995) 376:37–39.
- TEWARI M, QUAN LT, O'ROURKE K, DESNOYERS S, ZENG Z, BEIDLER DR, PAIRIER GG, SALVESEN GS, DIXET VM: Yaina/CPP3213, a mammalian homolog of CED-3, is a CrmA- inhibitable protease that cleaves the death sub-strate poly(ADP-ribose) polyrnerase. Cell (1995) 81: 801–809.
- WANG ZQ, AUER B, STING L, BERGHAMMER H, HAI-DACHER D, SCHWEIGER M, WAGNER EF: Mice larking ADPRT and poly (ADP-ribosylation) develop normally but are susceptible to skin disease. Genes Dev. (1995) 9:509–520.
- EVAN GI, WYLLIE AH, GILBERT CS, LITTLEWOOD TD, LAND H, BROOKS M, WATERS CM, PENN LZ, HANCOCK DC: Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein. Cell (1992) 69:119–128.
- SHAW P, BOVNEY R, TARDY S, SAHIL R, SORDAT B, COSTAJ: Induction of apoptosis by wild-type p53 in a human colon-derived tumor cell line. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1992) 89:4495–4499.
- NAGATA S, GOLSTEIN P: The Fas death factor. Science(1995) 2671449–1456.
- JAYADEV S, LIU B, BIELAWSKA AE, 1FF JY, NAZAIRE F,PUSHKAREVA MY, OBEID LM, HANNUN YA: Role for ceramide in cell cycle arrest. J. Biol. Chem. (1995) 270:2047–2052.
- NATATA N, SUDA T: Fas and Fas ligand: Or and gld mutations. Immunology Today (1995) 16:39–43.
- WANTANABE-FUKUNAGA R, BRANNAN CI, COPELAND NG, JENKINS NA, NAGATA S: Lyrnphoproliferative disor-der in mice explained by defects in Fas-antigen that mediates apoptosis. Nature (1992) 356:314–317.
- SUDA T, TAKAHASHI T, GOLSTEIN P, NAGATA S: Molecu-lar cloning and expression of the Fas ligand, a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor family. Nature (1993) 75:1169–1178.
- STRASSER A, WHMNG HAM S, VAUX DL, BATH ML, ADAMSJM, CORY S, HARRIS AW: Enforced BCL2 in B-lymphoid cells prolongs antibody responses and elicits autoim-mune disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1991) 88:8661–8665.
- ARINGER M, WINTERSBERGER W, STEINER CW, KIENER H, PRESTER E, JAEGER U, SMOLEN JS, GRANINGER WB: High levels of bc1-2 protein in circulating T-lymphocytes, but not B-lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. (1994) 37:1423–1430.
- CHENG J, ZHOU T, LIU C, SHAPIRO JP, BRAUER MJ, KIEFER MC, BARR PJ, MOUNTZ JD: Protection from Fas-mediated apoptosis by a soluble form of the Fas molecule. Science (1994) 263:1759–1762.
- RIEUX-LAUCAT F, LE DEIST F, HIVROZ C, ROBERTS TAG,DEBATIN KM, FISCHER A, DEVILLARTAY JP: Mutations in Fas associated with human lymphoproliferative syn-drome and autoimmunity. Science (1995) 268:1347–1349.
- NAKAJIMA T, AONO H, HASUNUMA T, YAMAMOTO K,SHIRAI T, HIROHATA K, NISHIOKA K: Apoptosis and functional fas antigen in rheumatoid arthritis synovio-cytes. Arthritis Rheum. (1995) 38:485–491.
- BLANCO FJ, OCHS RL, SCHWARZ H, LOTZ M: Chondrocyteapoptosis by nitric oxide. Am. J. Pathol. (1995) 146:75–85.
- GONZALEZ-GARCIA M, PEREZBALLESTRO R. DING LY, DUAN L, BOISE LH, THOMPSON CB, NUNEZ G: BCL-X(L) Is the major BCL-X mRNA form expressed during mur-ine development and its product localizes to mitochon-dria. Development (1994) 120:3033–3042.
- ANONYMOUS: Pharmaprojects. PJB Publications Ltd., Rich-mond, Surrey, UK (9 December 1994).
- ANONYMOUS: Pharmaprojects. PJB Publications Ltd., Rich-mond, Surrey, UK (24 April 1995).
- ANONYMOUS: Pharmaprojects. PJB Publications Ltd., Rich-mond, Surrey, UK (7 April 1995).
- ANONYMOUS: Pharmaprojects. PJB Publications Ltd., Rich-mond, Surrey, UK (20 March 1995).
- ANONYMOUS: Pharmaprojects. PJB Publications Ltd., Rich-mond, Surrey, UK (14 March 1995).
- ANONYMOUS: Drug Updates R&D Focus. IMSworld Publica-tions Ltd., London, UK (27 March 1995)
- ANONYMOUS: Drug Updates R&D Focus. IMSworld Publica-tions Ltd., London, UK (27 January 1995)
- ANONYMOUS: Pharmaprojects. PJB Publications Ltd., Rich-mond, Surrey, UK (21 April 1995).