Nucleoside analogues in the treatment of haematological malignancies

Bibliography

• ELLISON RR, HOLLAND JF, WEIL Met al.: Arabinosyl cytosine: A useful agent in the treatment of acute leukemia in adults. Blood (1968) 32(4):507–523.
   Google Scholar
• PLUNKETT W, BENJAMIN RS, KEATING MJ et al.: Modulation of 9-13-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-triphosphate and deoxyadenosine triphosphate in leukaemic cells by 2'deoxycoformycin during therapy with 9-I3-D arabinofuranosyladenine. Cancer Res. (1982) 42:2092–2096.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SPIERS ASD, RUCKDESCHEL JC, HORTON J: Effectiveness of Pentostatin (2'deoxycoformycin) in refractory lymphoid neoplasms. Scam/. j Haematol (1984) 32:130–134.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HUTTON JJ, VON HOFF DD, KUHN J et al.: Phase I clinical investigation of 9-13-arabinosy1-2-fluoroadenine 5'-monophosphate (NSC 312887) a new purine antimetabolite. Cancer Res. (1984) 44:4183–4186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARSON DA, WASSON DB, TAETLE R et al.: Specific toxicity of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine towards resting and proliferating human lymphocytes. Blood (1983) 62:737–743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GANDHI V, ROBERTSON LE, PLUNKETT W: 2-chloro-2'-fluroarabinosyladenine: pharmacokinetics and action in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (1983) 34:414. Abstract 2471.
   Google Scholar
• HERTEL LW, BODER GB, KROIN JS etal.: Evaluation of the antitumour activity of gemcitabine (2'2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine). Cancer Res. (1990) 50:4417–4422.
   Google Scholar
• KADHIM SA, BOWLIN TL, WAUD WRet al.: Potent antitumour activity of a novel nucleoside analogue BCH-4556 (3-L-dioxolane-cytidine) in human renal cell carcinoma xenograft models. Cancer Res. (1997) 57:4803–4810.
   Google Scholar
• LAMBE CU, AVERETT DR, PAFT MT etal.: 2-amino-6-methoxypurine arabinoside: an agent for T-cell malignancies. Cancer Res. (1995) 55:3352–3356.
   Google Scholar
• XU YZS, HUANG P, PLUNKETT W: Functional compartmentation of dCTP pools: preferential utilization of salvaged deoxycytidine for DNA repair in human lymphoblasts. I Biol. Chem. (1995) 270:631–637.
   Google Scholar
• JOHNSON SA: Clinical pharmacokinetics of nucleoside analogues: Focus on haematological malignancies. Clinic Pharmacokin (2000) 39:5–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Detailed review of pharmacokinetics of the nucleoside analogues.
   Google Scholar
• PRENTICE HG, SMYTH JF, GANESHAGURU K et al.: Remission induction with adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'deoxycoformycin in thy-lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet (1980) 2(8187):170–172.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MURPHY SB, SINKULE JA, RIVERA G: Phase I-II clinical and pharmacodynamic study of effects of 2'deoxycoformycin administered by continuous infusion in children with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Treat. Symp. (1984) 2:55–61.
   Google Scholar
• GREVER MR, COLEMAN MS, GRAY DP etal.: Definition of safe, effective dosing regimen of 2'deoxycoformycin with biochemical investigation. Cancer Treat. Symp. (1984) 2:43–49.
   Google Scholar
• SPIERS ASD, PAREKH SJ, BISHOP MB: Hairy Cell Leukemia: Induction of complete remission with pentostatin (2'deoxycoformycin). I OM. Oricol. (1984) 2:1336–1342.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FLINN IW, KOPECKY KJ, FOUCAR K etal.: Long term follow-up of remission duration, mortality and second malignancies in hairy cell leukemia patients treated with pentostatin. Blood (2000) 96:2981–2986.
   Google Scholar
• SEYMOUR JF, TALPAZ M, KURZROCKR: Response duration and recovery of CD4+ lymphocytes following deoxycoformycin in interferon-alpha resistant hairy cell leukemia. Leukemia (1997) 11:42–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAJOR PP, AGARWAL RP, KUFE DW: Clinical pharmacology of deoxycoformycin. Blood (1981) 58:91–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREVER MR, STAUBUS AE, BALCERZAK SP et al.: Clinical pharmacokinetics of 2'deoxycoformycin in renal impairment. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oricol. (1993) 12:140. Abstract 361.
   Google Scholar
• MAJOR PP, AGARWAL RP, KUFE DW: Deoxycoformycin: neurological toxicity. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. (1981) 5:193–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREVER MR, BISACCIA E, SCARBOROUGH DA et al.: An investigation of 2'deoxycoformycin in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood (1983) 61:279–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TOBINAI K, SHIMOYAMA M, INOUE S et al.: Phase I study of YK-176 (2'deoxycoformycin) in patients with Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma. hill J Oricol. (1992) 22:164–171.
   Google Scholar
• JOHNSON SA, CATOVSKY D, CHILD JA et al.: Phase I/II evaluation of pentostatin (2'-deoxycoformycin) in a five day schedule for the treatment of relapsed/ refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Inv. New Drugs (1998) 16:155–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEYMOUR JF, O'BRIEN S, KURZROCKR et al.: A Phase I study of seven day continuous infusion deoxycoformycin. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oricol. (1994) 13:390. Abstract 1328.
   Google Scholar
• STEIS RG, URBA WJ, KOPP WC et al.:Kinetics of recovery of CD4+ T-cells in peripheral blood of deoxycoformycin-treated patients. j Nati Cancer Inst. (1991) 83:1678–1679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WARREL JR RP, BERMAN E: Phase I and II study of fludarabine phosphate in leukemia: Therapeutic efficacy with delayed central nervous system toxicity. j Clin. Oricol. (1986) 41:74–79.
   Google Scholar
• SPRIGGS DR, STOPA E, MAYER RJ et al.: Fludarabine phosphate (NSC 312878) infusions for the treatment of acute leukemia: Phase I and neuropathological study. Cancer Res. (1986) 46:5953–59538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RODRIGUEZ G: Fludarabine phosphate. A new anticancer drug with significant activity in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in patients with lymphoma. Inv. New Drugs (1994) 12:75–92.
   Google Scholar
• GREVER MR, KOPECKY KJ, COLTMAN CA et al.: Fludarabine monophosphate: a potentially useful agent in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Nouv. Rev Fr HematoL (1988) 30:457–459.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KEATING MJ, KANTARJIAN H, TALPAZ M et al.: Fludarabine therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Nouv. Rev Fr HematoL (1988) 30:461–466.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FRENCH CO-OPERATIVE GROUP ON CLL, JOHNSON S, SMITH AG et al.: Multicentre prospective randomised trial of fludarabine versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone (CAP) for treatment of advanced-stage lymphocytic leukaemia. Lancet (1996) 347:1432–1437.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••Phase III study on which registration offludarabine was based.
   Google Scholar
• RAI KR, PETERSON BL, APPELBAUM FR et al.: Fludarabine compared with chlorambucil as primary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl. j. Med. (2000) 343:1750-1757. seMajor collaborative group trial offludarabine as first-line therapy in CLL.
   Google Scholar
• MALSPEIS L, GREVER MR, STAUBUS AE et al.: Pharmacokinetics of 2-F-araA (9-3-D-arabinofuranosy1-2-fluoroadenine) in cancer patients during the Phase I clinical investigation of Fludarabine phosphate. Semin. Oricol. (1990) 17\(Suppl. 8):18–32.
   Google Scholar
• HERSH MR, KUHN JG, PHILLIPS JL et al.: Pharmacokinetic study of fludarabine phosphate (NSC 312887). Cancer Chemother. PharmacoL (1986) 17:277–280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEIBY JM, SNIDER KM, KRAUT EH et al.: Phase II trial of 9 13 D arabinosp-2-fluoroadenine 5'-monophosphate in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Prospective comparison of response with deoxycytidine kinase activity. Cancer Res. (1987) 47:2719–2722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PUCCIO CA, MITTELMAN A, LICHTMAN SM etal.: A loading dose/ continuous infusion schedule of fludarabine phosphate in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. j. Chu. Oricol. (1991) 9:1562–1569.
   Google Scholar
• ROBERTSON LE, O'BRIEN S, KANTARJIAN H et al.: A 3-day schedule of fludarabine in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia (1995) 9:1444–1449.
   Google Scholar
• KEMENA A, O'BRIEN S, KANTARJIAN H et al.: Phase II clinical trial of fludarabine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia on a weekly low-dose schedule. Leuk. Lymphoma (1993) 10:187–193.
   Google Scholar
• CHUN HG, LEYLAND-JONES B, CHESON BD: Fludarabine phosphate: A synthetic purine antimetabolite with significant activity against lymphoid malignancies. j. Chu. aka (1991) 9:175–188.
   Google Scholar
• KRAUT EH, CROWLEY JJ, GREVER MR etal.: Phase II study of fludarabine phosphate in multiple myeloma. A Southwest Oncology Group study. Inv. New Drugs (1990) 8:199–200.
   Google Scholar
• SOLAL-CELIGNYP, BRICE P, BROUSSEN et al.: Phase II trial of fludarabine monophosphate as first-line treatment in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma: a multicenter study by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte.j Chu. aka (1996) 14:514–519.
   Google Scholar
• WIJERMANS PW, GERRITS WBJ, HAAK HL: Severe immunodeficiency in patients treated with fludarabine monophosphate. Eur. j HaematoL (1993) 50:292–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHILLING PJ, VADHAM-RAJ S: Concurrent cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis pneumonia after fludarabine therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl. j. Med. (1990) 323:833–834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'BRIEN S, KANTARJIAN H, BERAN M et al.: Results of fludarabine and prednisone therapy in 264 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with multivariate analysis-derived prognostic model for response to treatment. Blood (1993) 82:1695–1700.
   Google Scholar
• PLUNKETT W, GANDHI V, HUANG P et al.: Fludarabine: pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, and rationales for combination therapies. Sem. Oricol. (1993) 20\(Suppl. 7):2–12.
   Google Scholar
• KEMENA A, KEATING M, PLUNKETT W: Oral bioavailability of plasma fludarabine and fludarabine triphosphate (F-araA) in peripheral CLL cells. Orikologie (1991) 14:83.
   Google Scholar
• FORAN J, OSCIER D, ORCHARD J etal.: A pharmacokinetic study of single doses of oral fludarabine phosphate. j. Oricol (1999) 17:1574–1579.
   Google Scholar
• •Establishes bioequivalence of oral formulation of fludarabine.
   Google Scholar
• OSCIER DG, ORCHARD JA, CULLIGAN D etal.: Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral fludarabine administered either fasting or after food. Ann. aka (1999) 10\(Suppl. 3):176. Abstract 652.
   Google Scholar
• GANDHI V, PLUNKETT W: Modulation of arabinosyl nucleoside metabolism by arabinosyl nucleotides in human leukemia cells. Cancer Res. (1988) 48:329–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESTEY E, THALL P, ANDREEFF Metal.: Use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor before, during, and after fludarabine cytarabine induction therapy of newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes: comparison with fludarabine plus cytarabine without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. j. Chu. Oricol. (1994) 12:671–678.
   Google Scholar
• •Establishes activity of FLAG combination for AML/MDS.
   Google Scholar
• ESTEY EH, THALL PF, PIERCES et al.: Randomised Phase II study of fludarabine + cytosine arabinoside + idarubicin ± all-trans retinoic acid ± granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in poor prognosis newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Blood (1999) 93:2478–2484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESTEY E, THALL P, BERAN M et al.: Effect of diagnosis (refractory anemia with excess blasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, or acute myeloid leukemia [AML]) on outcome of AML-type chemotherapy. Blood (1997) 90:2969–2977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KORNBLAU SM, CORTES-FRANCO J, ESTEY E: Neurotoxicity associated with fludarabine and cytosine arabinoside chemotherapy for acute leukemia and myelodysplasia. Leukemia (1993) 7:378–383.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• YANG L-Y, LI L, KEATING MJ et al.: Arabinosy1-2-fluoroadenine augments cisplatin cytotoxicity and inhibits cisplatin-DNA cross-link repair. Ma. PharmacoL (1995) 47:1072–1079.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GILES FJ, O'BRIEN SM, SANTINI V et al.: Sequential cis-platinum and fludarabine with or without arabinosyl cytosine in patients failing prior fludarabine therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a Phase II study. Leuk. Lymphoma (1999) 36:57–65.
   Google Scholar
• GILES FJ, O'BRIEN S, KANTARJIAN HM etal.: Sequential cis-platinum, fludarabine and arabinosyl cytosine (PFA) or cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and arabinosyl cytosine (CFA) in patients with Richter's Syndrome: A pilot study. Blood (1996) 88\(Suppl. 1):93a. Abstract 360.
   Google Scholar
• SEYMOUR JF, GRIGG A, SZER J et aL: Fludarabine, cisplatin, and araC in patients with anthracycline-refractory intermediate-grade and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the International Oncology Study Group (IOSG) NHL 2 study. Int. Hematol. (1996) 64\(Suppl. 1):S131. Abstract 506.
   Google Scholar
• CHILD JA, JOHNSON SA, RULE S etal.:FluDAP: salvage chemotherapy for relapsed/refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leuk. Lymphoma (2000) 37:309–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BELLOSILLO B, VILLAMOR N, COLOMER D et al.: In vitro evaluation of fludarabine in combination with cyclophosphamide and/or mitoxantrone in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood (1999) 94:2836–2843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROBERTSON LE, O'BRIEN S, KANTARJIAN H et al.: Fludarabine plus doxorubicin in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia (1995) 9:943–945.
   Google Scholar
• MCLAUGHLIN P, HAGEMEISTER FB, SWAN JR F et al.: Phase I study of the combination of fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone in low-grade lymphoma. j Clin. Oricol. (1994) 12:575–579.
   Google Scholar
• MCLAUGHLIN P, HAGEMEISTER FB, ROMAGUERA JE etal.: Fludarabine, mitoxantrone and dexamethasone: An effective new regimen for indolent lymphoma. j Clin. Oricol. (1996) 14(4):1262–1268.
   Google Scholar
• •Defines activity of FMD combination for LGNHL.
   Google Scholar
• SEYMOUR JF, GRIGG AP, SZER J etal.: Fludarabine and mitoxantrone: a highly effective and well-tolerated salvage therapy for low-grade lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood (1997) 90\(Suppl. 1):343a. Abstract 1530.
   Google Scholar
• ZINZANI PL, MAGAGNOLI M, MORETTI L et al.: Randomized trial of fludarabine versus fludarabine and idarubicin as front-line treatment in patients with indolent or mantle cell lymphoma. j Clin. Oricol. (2000) 18:73–79.
   Google Scholar
• KOEHL U, LI L, NOWAK B et al.: Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide: synergistic cytotoxicity associated with inhibition of interstrand cross-link removal. Proc. Am. Ass Cancer Res. (1997) 38:2. Abstract 10.
   Google Scholar
• WEISS M, SPIESS T, BERMAN E etal.: Concomitant administration of chlorambucil limits dose intensity of fludarabine in previously treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia (1994) 8:1290–1293.
   Google Scholar
• ELIAS L, STOCK-NOVACK D, HEAD DR et al.: A Phase I trial of combination fludarabine monophosphate and chlorambucil in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A Southwest Oncology Group Study. Leukemia (1993) 7:361–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOCHSTER H, OKEN M, WINTER JN etal.: Phase I study of fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide in patients with previously untreated low-grade lymphoma: results and long-term follow-up - a report from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin. Oricol. (2000) 18:987–994.
   Google Scholar
• FLINN IW, BYRD JC, MORRISON C et al.: Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide with filgrastim support in patients with previously untreated indolent malignancies. Blood (2000) 96:71–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'BRIEN SM, KANTARJIAN HM, CORTES J etal.: Results of the fludarabine and cyclophosphamide combination regimen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oricol. (2001) 19:1414–1420.
   Google Scholar
• FREWIN R, TURNER D, TIGHE M et al.: Combination therapy with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide as salvage treatment in lymphoproliferative disorders. Br. Haematol. (1999) 104:612–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GIRALT S ESTEY E, ALBITAR M et al.: Engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cells with purine analog-containing chemotherapy: harnessing graft-versus-leukemia without myeloablative therapy. Blood (1997) 89:4531–4536.
   Google Scholar
• •Key paper on non-myeloablative allogeneic transplantation.
   Google Scholar
• SLAVIN S, NAGLER A, NAPARSTEK F etal.: Non myeloablative stem cell transplantation and cell therapy as an alternative to conventional bone marrow transplantation with lethal cytoreduction for the treatment of malignant and non malignant hematologic diseases. Blood (1998) 91:756–763.
   Google Scholar
• •Key paper on non-myeloablative allogeneic transplantation.
   Google Scholar
• KHOURI IF, KEATING M, KORBLING M et al.: Transplant-lite: Induction of graft-versus-malignancy using fludarabine-based nonablative chemotherapy and allogeneic blood progenitor-cell transplantation as treatment for lymphoid malignancies. CM]. Oricol. (1998) 16:2817–2824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KHOURI IF, LEE M-S, ROMAGUERA et al.: Allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation for mantle-cell lymphoma: molecular remissions and evidence of graft versus malignancy. Ann. Oricol. (1999) 10:1293–1299.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GRIGG A, BARDY P, BYRON K et al.: Fludarabine-based non-myeloablative chemotherapy followed by infusions of HLA-identical stem cells for relapsed leukaemia and lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant. (1999) 23:107–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KETTERER N, SALLES G, MOULLET I et al.: Factors associated with successful mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells in 200 patients with lymphoid malignancies. Br. I Haematol. (1998) 103:235–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VISANI G, LEMOLI RM, TOSI P et al.: Fludarabine-containing regimes severely impair peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and collection in acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Br. Haematol. (1999) 105:775–759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LASZLO D, GALIENI P, RASPADORI D et al.: Fludarabine-containing regimens may adversely affect peripheral blood stem-cell collection in low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. Leuk. Lymphoma (2000) 37:157–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARSON DA, WASSON DB, BEUTLER E: Antileukemic and immunosuppressive activity of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA (1984) 81:2232–2236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEUTLER E, PIRO LD, SAVEN A et al.: 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA): A potent chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive nucleoside. Leuk. Lymphoma (1991) 5:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAVEN A, CHEUNG WK, SMITH I et al.: Pharmacokinetic study of oral and bolus intravenous 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in patients with malignancy. I CM]. Oricol. (1996) 14:978–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LILIEMARK J, ALBERTIONI F, HASSAN M et al.: On the bioavailability of oral and subcutaneous 2-chloro-2-deoxyadenosine in humans: Alternative routes of administration. I OM. Oricol. (1992) 10:1514–1518.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LILIEMARK J, PETTERSSON B, JULIUSSON G: Determination of 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine in human plasma. Biomed. Chromatog. (1991) 5:262–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEUTLER E: Cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine). Lancet (1992) 340:952–956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PIRO LD, CARRERA CJ, CARSON DA, BEUTLER E: Lasting remissions in hairy cell leukemia induced by a single infusion of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. N Engl. j Med. (1990) 332:1117–1121.
   Google Scholar
• SAVEN A, KAWASAKI H, CARRERA CJ et al.: 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine dose-escalation in non-hematological malignancies. j CBI]. Omni (1993) 11:671–678.
   Google Scholar
• WEISS GR, KUHN JG, RIZZO J et al: A Phase I and pharmacokinetics study of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in patients with solid tumours. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol (1995) 35:397–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SANTANA VM, MIRRO JR J, HARWOOD FC et al: A Phase I clinical trial of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in pediatric patients with acute leukemia. j Clin. Oncol (1991) 9:416–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SANTANA VM, MIRRO JR J, KEARNS C et al.: 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine produces a high rate of complete hematologic remission in relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. J. Clin. Oncol (1992) 10:364–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAHDAT L, WONG ET, WILE MJ etal.: Therapeutic and neurotoxic effects of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in adults with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood (1994) 84:3429–3434.
   Google Scholar
• LILIEMARK J, JULIUSSON G: Cellularpharmacokinetics of 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine nucleotides: comparison of intermittent and continuous intravenous infusion and subcutaneous and oral administration in leukemia patients. Clin. Cancer Res. (1995) 1:385–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Key paper demonstrating cytotoxic activity of intracellular nucleotides irrespective of administration.
   Google Scholar
• KOBOYASHI K, VOGELZANG NJ, O'BRIEN SM et al.: A Phase I study of intermittent infusion cladribine in patients with solid tumors. Cancer (1994) 74:168–173.
   Google Scholar
• LARSON RA, MICK R, SPIELBERGER RT etal.: Dose-escalation trial of cladribine using five daily intravenous infusions in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. j CBI]. Omni (1996) 14:188–195.
   Google Scholar
• SAVEN A, CARRERA CJ, CARSON DA et al.: 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine an active agent in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood (1992) 80:587–592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAEMAEKERS J, VT VEER M, VERHOEF G et al: Two-hours iv infusion of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CDA) in hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is effective and may produce less CD4/CD8 ratio impairment. Results for the HOVON-23 study. Blood (1995) 86(Suppl.) 1:351a. Abstract 1392.
   Google Scholar
• VON ROHR A, BACCHI M, FEY MF et al.: 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (CDA) by subcutaneous bolus injection: a Phase II study in Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL). Blood (1995) 86\(Suppl. 1):350a. Abstract 1386.
   Google Scholar
• JULIUSSON G, HELDAL D, HIPPE E et al.: Subcutaneous injections of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine for symptomatic Hairy Cell Leukaemia. j Clin. Oncol (1995) 13:989–995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DELANNOY A, MARTIAT P, GALA JL et al: 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA) for patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia (1995) 9:1130–1135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROBAK T, BLASINKA-MORAWIEC M, KRYKOWSKI E etal.: Intermittent 2-hour intravenous infusions of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in the treatment of 110 patients with refractory or previously untreated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk. Lymphoma (1996) 22:509–514.
   Google Scholar
• JULIUSSON G, CHRISTIANSEN I, HANSEN MM et al.: Oral cladribine as primary therapy for patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. I Clin. Oncol (1996) 14:2160–2166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Establishes efficacy of cladribine in the treatment of CLL.
   Google Scholar
• BETTICHER DC, RATSCHILLER D, HSU-SCHMITZ S-F et al: Reduced dose of subcutaneous cladribine induces identical response rates but decreased toxicity in pre-treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann. amyl (1998) B:721–726.
   Google Scholar
• SEYMOUR JF, KURZROCK R, FREIREICH EJ et al.: 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine induces durable remissions and prolonged suppression of CD4+ lymphocyte counts in patients with Hairy Cell Leukemia. Blood (1994) 83:2906–2911.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAVEN A, LEE T, KOSTY M et al.: Cladribine and mitoxantrone dose escalation in indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. I Clin. Oncol (1996) 14:2139–2144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TEFFERI A, WITZIG TE, REID JM et Phase I study of combined 2- chlorodeoxyadenosine and chlorambucil in chronic lymphoid leukaemia and lymphoma. J. Clin. Omni (1994) 12:569–574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAUD WR, SCHMID SM, MONTGOMERY JA, SECRIST JA III: Preclinical antitumor activity of 2-chloro-9(2 deoxy 2 fluor° D arabinofuranosyl) adenine (Cl-F-ara-A). Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids (2000) 19:447–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOZUCH P IBRAHIM N, KHURI F etal.: Phase I clinical and pharmacological study of clofarabine. Blood (1999) 94(Suppl.):127a. Abstract 558.
   Google Scholar
• PREISLER H, DAVIS RB, KIRSCHNER J et al.: Comparison of three remission induction regimes and two post induction strategies for the treatment of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. Blood (1987) 69:1441–1449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DILLMAN RO, DAVIS RB, GREEN MR etal.: A comparative study of two different doses of cytarabine for acute myeloid leukemia: A Phase III trial of Cancer and Leukaemia Group B. Blood (1991) 78:2520–2526.
   Google Scholar
• EARLY AP, PREISLER HD, SLOCUM H etal.: A pilot study of high-dose 1 D arabinofuranosyl cytosine for acute leukemia and refractory lymphoma: clinical response and pharmacology. Cancer Res. (1982) 42:1587–1594.
   Google Scholar
• CASTLEBERRY RP, CRIST WM, HOLBROOK T et al: The cytosine arabinoside syndrome. Pediatr. Oncol (1981) 9:257–261.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HERZIG RH, HINES JD, HERZIG GP et al.: Cerebellar toxicity with high-dose cytosine arabinoside. I Clin. Oncol (1987) 5:927–932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HO DHW, FREI E III: Clinical pharmacology of 1-6-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Pharmacol Ther. (1971) 12:944–954.
   Google Scholar
• GLANTZ MJ, LAFOLLETTE S, JAECKLE KA et al.: Randomized trial of a slow-release versus a standard formulation of cytarabine for the intrathecal treatment of lymphomatous meningitis. I Clin. Oncol (1999) 17:3110–3116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MURRY DJ, BLANEY SM: Clinical pharmacology of encapsulated sustained-release cytarabine. Ann Pharmacother (2000) 34:1173–1178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRAESS J, FREUND M, HANAUSKE A et al.: Oral cytarabine ocfosfate in acute myeloid leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - Phase I/II studies and pharmacokinetics. Leukemia (1998) 12:1618–1626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HANSEN HH, SORENSON JB: Efficacy of single-agent gemcitabine in advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A review. Sem. Oncol. (1997) 24\(Suppl. 7):38–41.
   Google Scholar
• STORNIOLO AM, ENAS NH, BROWN CA et al.: An Investigational New Drug treatment program for patients with gemcitabine. Results for over 3000 patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer (1999) 85:1261–1268.
   Google Scholar
• •Review of activity of gemcitabine for its licensed indication (pancreatic carcinoma).
   Google Scholar
• CARMICHAEL J, POSSINGER K, PHILLIP P et al.: Advanced breast cancer: a Phase II trial with gemcitabine. j Chi]. Oncol. (1995) 13:2731–2736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LUND B, HANSEN OP, THEILADE K et al.: Phase II study of gemcitabine (2',2'difluorodeoxycytidine) in previously treated ovarian cancer patients. j Nati Cancer Inst. (1994) 86:1530–1533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CATIMEL G, VERMORKEN JB, CLAVEL M etal.: A Phase II study of gemcitabine (LY188011) in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Ann. Oncol. (1994) 5:543–547.
   Google Scholar
• BERNELL P, OHM L: Promising activity of gemcitabine in refractory high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br j Haematol (1998) 101:203–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAYE SB. Gemcitabine: current status of Phase I and II trials: j Clin. Oncol. (1994) 12:1527–1531.
   Google Scholar
• ABBRUZZESE JL, GRUNEWALD R, WEEKS EA et al.: A Phase I clinical, plasma and cellular pharmacology study of Gemcitabine.j Chi]. Oncol. (1991) 9:491–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POLLERA CF, CERIBELLI A, CRECCO M et al.: Weekly Gemcitabine in advanced or metastatic tumours. A clinical Phase I study. mv New Drugs (1994) 12:111–119.
   Google Scholar
• GATZMEIER U, SHEPHERD FA, LE CHEVALIER T et al.: Activity of gemcitabine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a multicentre extended Phase II study. Eur. J Cancer (1996) 32A:243–248.
   Google Scholar
• GRUNEWALD R, KANTARJIAN H, DU M etal.: Gemcitabine in Leukemia: A Phase I clinical, plasma and cellular pharmacological study. j Clin. Oncol. (1992) 10:406–413.
   Google Scholar
• TOUROUTOGLU N, GRAVEL D, RABER MN et al.: Clinical results of a pharmacodynamically based strategy for higher dosing of gemcitabine in patients with solid tumours. Ann. Oncol. (1998) 9:1003–1008.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Important justification for more effective therapeutic schedule of gemcitabine.
   Google Scholar
• ZINZANI PL, MAGAGNOLI M, BENDANDI M et al.: Therapy with gemcitabine in pretreated peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients. Ann. Oncol. (1998) 9:1351–1353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAVAGE DG, RULE SAJ, TIGHE Metal.: Gemcitabine for relapsed or resistant lymphoma. Ann. Oncol. (2000) 11:595–597.
   Google Scholar
• PETERS GJ, RUIZ VAN HAPEREN VWT, BERGMAN AM et al.: Preclinical combination therapy with gemcitabine and mechanisms of resistance. &min. Oncol. (1996) 23\(Suppl. 10):16–24.
   Google Scholar
• SHEPHARD FA, BURKES R, CORMIER Y et al.: Phase I dose-escalation trial of gemcitabine and cisplatin for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: usefulness of mathematic modelling to determine maximum tolerated dose. j Chi]. Oncol. (1996) 14:1656–1662.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ABRATT R1 BEEZWODA WR, GOEDHALS L et al.: Weekly gemcitabine with monthly cisplatin: effective chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J. Gila aka (1997) 15:744–749.
   Google Scholar
• EINHORN LH: Phase II trial of gemcitabine plus cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer: A Hoosier Oncology Group Study. Semir]. Oncol. (1997) 24\(Suppl. 8):24–26.
   Google Scholar
• STEWARD WE DUNLOP DJ, DABOUIS G etal.: Phase I-II study of gemcitabine and weekly cisplatin in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer - preliminary results. Semir]. Oncol. (1996) 23\(Suppl. 10):43–47.
   Google Scholar
• SHEPHERD FA, CORMIER Y, BURKES R et al.: Phase II trial of gemcitabine and weekly cisplatin for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Semir]. Oncol. (1997) 24\(Suppl. 8):27–30.
   Google Scholar
• CRINO L, SCAGLIOTTI G, MARANGOLO M etal.: Cisplatin-gemcitabine combination in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. j Gila aka (1997) 15:297–303.
   Google Scholar
• ABRATT RP, SANDLER A, CRINO L et al.: Combined cisplatin and gemcitabine for non-small cell lung cancer: influence of scheduling on toxicity and drug delivery. &min. Oncol. (1998) 25 (Suppl. 9):35–43.
   Google Scholar
• VAN MOORSEL CJA, KROEP JR, PINEDO HM et al.: Pharmacokinetic schedule finding study of the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with solid tumors. Ann. Oncol. (1999) 10:441–448.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KROEP JR, PETERS GJ, VAN MOORSEL CJA et al.: Gemcitabine-cisplatin: a schedule finding study. Ann. Oncol. (1999) 10:1503–1510.
   Google Scholar
• HAIDER K, KORNEK GV, KAWSNY W et al.: Treatment of advanced breast cancer with gemcitabine and vinorelbine plus human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. (1999) 55:203–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DELORD JP, RAYMOND E, CHAOUCHE M et al.: A dose-finding study of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in advanced previously treated malignancies. Ann. Oncol. (2000) 11:73–79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LORUSSO V, CARPAGNANO F, FRASCI G et al.: Phase I/II study of gemcitabine plus vinorelbine as first-line chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer. j CBI]. Oncol. (2000) 18:405–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KROEP JR, GIACCONE G, VOORN DA: Gemcitabine and paclitaxel: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. I CBI]. Oncol. (1999) 17:2190–2197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREGOIRE V, HITTELMAN WN, ROSIER JF: Chemo-radiotherapy: radiosensitizing nucleoside analogues. Oncol. Rep. (1999) 6:949–957.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LAWRENCE TS, EISBRUCH A, SHEWACH DS: Gemcitabine mediated radiosensitization. &min. Oncol. (1997) 24\(Suppl. 7):24–28.
   Google Scholar
• GILES FJ, CORTES JE, BAKER SD et al.: Troxacitabine, a novel dioxolane nucleoside analog, has activity in patients with advanced leukemia. j CBI]. Oncol. (2001) 19:762–771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HEBERT ME, GREENBERG ML, CHAFFEE S etal.: Pharmacologic purging of malignant T cells from human bone marrow using 9-3-D-arabinosylguanine. Transplantation (1991) 52:634–640.
   Google Scholar
• KURTZBERG J, KEATING M, MOORE JO et al.: 2 amino 9 13 D arabinosyl 1 6 methoxy 9H guanine (GW506U) compound 506U) is highly active in patients with T-cell malignancies: results of a Phase I trial in pediatric and adult patients with refractory hematological malignancies. Blood (1996) 88 (Suppl.): 699a. Abstract 2666.
   Google Scholar
• KISOR DF, PLUNKETT W, KURTZBERG J et al.: Pharmacokinetics of nelarabine and 9-I3-D-arabinauranosylguanine in pediatric and adult patients during a Phase I study of nelarabine for the treatment of refractory hematologic malignancies. I Chh. Oncol (2000) 18:995–1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JONSSON V, HANSEN MM, LJUNGMAN P, KAASA S: Pharmacoeconomic considerations of treating patients with acute leukaemia. Pharmacoeconomics (1999) 15:167–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SWEETENHAM J, HIEKE K, KERRIGAN M et al: Cost-minimization analysis of CHOP, fludarabine and rituximab for the treatment of relapsed indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the UK. Br. Haematol (1999) 106:47–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REPORT OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION COMMITTEE OF THE WESSEX INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH MEDICINE No. 45: Pentostatin and cladribine for hairy cell leukaemia. (1995).
   Google Scholar