Bibliography
- Endorf F, Cancio LC, Gibran NS. Toxic epidermal necrolysis clinical guidelines. J Burn Care Res 2008;29:706-12
- De Prost N, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Duong TA, Bacteremia in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Medicine 2010;89:28-36
- Rohrer T, Ahmed AR. Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Int J Dermatol 1991;30:457-66
- Abood G, Nickoloff BJ, Gamelli R. Treatment strategies in toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome: where are we at? J Burn Care Res 2008;29:269-76
- Schneck J, Fagot JP, Sekula P, Effects of treatments on the mortality of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a retrospective study on patients included in the prospective EuroSCAR study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;58:33-40
- McGee T, Munster A. Toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome: mortality rate reduced with early referral to regional burn center. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998;102:1018-22
- Demling RH. Burns: what are the pharmacological treatment options? Exp Opin Pharmacother 2008;9:1895-908
- Schulz JT, Sheridan RL, Ryan CM, A 10-year experience with toxic epidermal necrolysis. J Burn Care Rehabil 2000;21:199-204
- Fromowitz JS, Ramos-Caro F, Flowers FP. Practical guidelines for the management of toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Int J Dermatol 2007;46:1092-4
- McInnes E. The use of pressure-relieving devices (beds, mattresses and overlays) for the prevention of pressure ulcers in primary and secondary cares. J Tissue Viability 2004;14:4-23
- Parsons JM. Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Int J Dermatol 1992;31:749-68
- Scheidt A, Drusin LM. Bacteriologic contamination in an air-fluidized bed. J Trauma 1983;23:241-2
- Rabito SF, Sultana S, Konefal TS, Candido KD. Anesthetic management of toxic epidermal necrolysis: report of three adult cases. J Clin Anesth 2001;13:133-7
- Timsit JF, Mion G, Le Gulluche Y, Severe hypothermia occurring during the course of toxic epidermal necrolysis in patients treated with air-fluidized beds. Arch Dermatol 1991;127:739
- Roujeau JC, Chosidow O, Saiag P, Toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome). J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23:1039-58
- Still J, Wilson J, Ruker C, A retrospective study to determine the incidence of pressure ulcers in burn patients using an alternating pressure mattress. Burns 2003;29:505-7
- Patel S. Minimising cross-infection risks associated with beds and mattresses. Nurs Times 2005;101:52-3
- Spies M, Sandford AP, Low A, Treatment of extensive toxic epidermal necrolysis in children. Pediatrics 2001;108:1162-8
- Revuz J, Roujeau JC, Guillaume JC, Treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis. Arch Dermatol 1987;123:1156-8
- Lehrer-Bell KA, Kirsner R, Tallman P, Kerdel F. Treatment of the cutaneous involvement in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis with silver nitrate-impregnated dressings. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:877-9
- Birchall N, Langdon R, Cuono C, Toxic epidermal necrolysis: an approach to management using cryopreserved allograft skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;16:368-72
- Pianigiani E, Ierardi F, Taddeucci P, Skin allograft in the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis. Dermatol Surg 2002;28:1173-6
- Heimbach DM, Engrav LH, Marvin JA, Toxic epidermal necrolysis. A step forward in treatment. JAMA 1987;257:2171-5
- Klein L, Mericka P, Strakova H, Biological skin covers in treatment of two cases of the Lyell's syndrome. Ann Transplant 1997;2:45-8
- Paquet P, Jacob E, Quatresooz P, Delayed reepithelialization and scarring deregulation following drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. Burns 2007;33:100-4
- Edwards K, Stokes H, Suttle K, Topical treatment protocol for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. J WOCN 2009;36:330-4
- Whitaker IS, Prowse S, Potokar TS. A critical evaluation of the use of biobrane as a biologic skin substitute: a versatile tool for the plastic and reconstructive surgeon. Ann Plast Surg 2008;60:333-7
- Arevalo JM, Lorentz JA. Skin coverage with Biobrane biomaterial for the treatment of patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis. J Burn Care Rehabil 1999;20:406-10
- Boorboor P, Vogt PM, Bechara FG, Toxic epidermal necrolysis: use of Biobrane® for skin coverage reduces pain, improves mobilisation and decreases infection in elderly patients. Burns 2008;34:487-92
- Bannasch H, Kontny U, Kruger M, A semi-synthetic bilaminar skin substitute used to treat pediatric full-body toxic epidermal necrolysis. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:160-2
- Bradley T, Brown RE, Kucan JO, Toxic epidermal necrolysis: a review and report of the successful use of Biobrane for early wound coverage. Ann Plast Surg 1995;35:124-32
- Kucan JO. Use of biobrane in the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis. J Burn Care Rehabil 1995;16:324-8
- Pfurtscheller K, Zobel G, Roedl S, Use of Suprathel® dressing in a young infant with TEN. Ped Dermatol 2008;25:541-3
- Imamura Y, Fujiwara S, Salot T, Successful treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis with calcium sodium alginate fiber. Int J Dermatol 1996;35:834-5
- Wai Man Ng R, Cheng YL. Calcium alginate dressing-related hypercalcemia. J Burn Care Res 2007;28:203-4
- Lansdown ABG. Silver I: its antibacterial properties and mechanism of action. J Wound Care 2002;11:125-30
- Holt KB, Bard AJ. Interaction of silver (I) ions with the respiratory chain of Escherichia coli: an electrochemical and scanning electrochemical microscopy study of the antimicrobial mechanism of micromolar Ag+. Biochemistry 2005;44:13214-23
- Ulkur E, Oncul O, Karagoz H, Comparison of silver-coated dressing (ActicoatTM), chlorhexidine acetate 0.5% (Bartigrass®) and fusidic acid 2% (Fucidin®) for topical antibacterial effect in methicillin-resistant staphylococci-contaminated, full-skin thickness rat burn wounds. Burns 2005;31:874-7
- Chen X, Schluesener HJ. Nanosilver: a nanoproduct in medical application. Toxicol Lett 2008;176:1-12
- Burd A, Kwok CH, Hung SC, A comparative study of the cytotoxicity of silver-based dressings in monolayer cell, tissue explant, and animal models. Wound Rep Reg 2007;15:94-104
- Trop M, Novak M, Rodl S, Silver-coated dressing Acticoat caused raised liver enzymes and argyria-like symptoms in burn patient. J Trauma 2006;60:648-52
- Asz J, Asz D, Moushey R, Treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis in a pediatric patient with a nanocrystalline silver dressing. J Pediatr Surg 2006;41:E9-12
- Dorafshar A, Dickic S, Cohn A, Antishear therapy for toxic epidermal necrolysis: an alternative treatment approach. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008;122:154-60
- Rustogi R, Mill J, Fraser JF, Kimbl RM. The use of ActicoatTM in neonatal burns. Burns 2005;31:872-82
- Huang SH, Wu SH, Sun IF, Aquacel® Ag in the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Burns 2008;34:63-6
- Jurczak F, Dugre T, Johnstone A, Randomised clinical trial of hydrofiber dressing with silver versus povidone-iodine gauze in the management of open surgical and traumatic wounds. Int Wound J 2007;4:66-76
- Avakian R, Flowers FP, Arango OG, Ramos-Caro F. Toxic epidermal necrolysis: a review. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:69-79
- Sheridan RL, Weber JM, Schulz JT, Management of severe toxic epidermal necrolysis in children. J Burn Care Rehabil 1999;20:497-500
- Ghislain PD, Roujeau JC. Treatment of severe drug reactions: Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis and hypersensitivity. Dermatol Online J 2002;8:5-15
- Gerdts B, Vloemans A, Kreis RW. Toxic epidermal necrolysis; 15 years' experience in a dutch burns centre. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007;21:781-8
- Subrahmanyam M. A prospective randomised clinical and histological study of superficial burn wound healing with honey and silver sulfadiazine. Burns 1998;24:157-61
- Hodjiiski OG, Lessiva MI. Comparison of four drugs for local treatment of burn wounds. Eur J Emerg Med 1999;6:41-7
- Gulliver G. Arguments over iodine. Nurs Times 1999;95:68-9
- Misra A, Nanchahal J. Use of gauze soaked in povidone iodine for dressing acute open wounds. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;111:2105-7
- Burks RI. Povidone-iodine solution in wound treatment. Phys Ther 1998;78:212-18
- Lawrence JC. A povidone-iodine medicated dressing. J Wound Care 1998;7:332-6
- Khan MN, Noqui AH. Antiseptics, iodine, povidone iodine and traumatic wound cleansing. J Tissue Viability 2006;16:6-10
- Kramer SA. Effect of povidone-iodine on wound healing: a review. J Vasc Nurs 1999;17:17-23
- Pierard GE, Pierard-Franchimont C, Arrese JE. Povidone-iodine wash solutions in the prevention of superficial fungal infections; predictive evaluation using the corneofungimetry bioassay. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1997;53:101-4
- Fumal I, Braham C, Paquet P, The beneficial toxicity paradox of antimicrobials in leg ulcer healing impaired by a polymicrobial flora: a proof-to-concept study. Dermatology 2002;204:S79-85
- Pierard-Franchimont C, Paquet P, Arrese JE, Healing rate and bacterial necrotizing vasculitis in venous leg ulcers. Dermatology 1997;194:383-7
- Jones V, Milton T. When and how to use iodine dressings. Nurs Times 2000;9:2-3
- Erdur B, Ersoy G, Yilmaz O, A comparison of the prophylactic uses of topical mupirocin and nitrofurazone in murine crush contaminated wounds. Am J Emerg Med 2008;26:137-43
- Webbur CE, Olanges E, Crenshaw CA. Treatment of second degree burns: nitrofurazone, povidone-iodine, and silver sulfadiazine. JACEP 1977;6:486-90
- Rodgers KG. The rational use of antimicrobial agents in simple wounds. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1992;10:753-6
- Prendiville J, Hebert A, Greenwald M, Esterly N. Management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in children. J Pediatr 1989;115:881-7
- Friedman B, Orlet H, Still J, Law E. Toxic epidermal necrolysis due to administration of celecoxib (Celebrex). South Med J 2002;95:1213-14
- Williford P. Opportunities for mupirocin calcium cream in the emergency department. J Emerg Med 1999;17:213-20
- De Wet PM, Rode H, Van Dyk A, Millar AJW. Perianal candidosis – a comparative study with mupirocin and nystatin. Int J Dermatol 1999;28:618-22
- Kraus SJ, Eron LJ, Bottenfield GW, Mupirocin cream is as effective as oral cephalexin in the treatment of secondarily infected wounds. J Fam Pract 1998;47:429-33
- Davis C, Ricotti C, Cazzanigra A, Microscopic and physiologic evidence for biofilm-associated wound colonization in vivo. Wound Rep Reg 2008;16:23-9
- Gisby J, Bryant J. Efficacy of a new cream formulation of mupirocin. Comparison with oral and topical agents in experimental skin infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:255-60
- Acikel C, Oncul O, Ulkur E, Comparison of silver sulfadiazine 1%, mupirocin 2%, and fusidic acid 2% for topical antibacterial effect in methicillin-resistant staphylococci-infected, full-skin thickness rat burn wounds. J Burn Care Rehabil 2003;24:37-41
- Rode H, de Wet PM, Millar AJ, Bactericidal efficacy of mupirocin in multi-antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus burn wound infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 1988;21:589-95
- Prendiville J. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Adv Dermatol 2002;18:151-73
- Tougeron-Brousseau B, Delcampe A, Guendry J, Vision-related function after scleral lens fitting in ocular complications of Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Am J Ophthalmol 2009;148:852-9
- Shay E, Khenkhah A, Liang L, Amniotic membrane transplantation as a new therapy for the acute ocular manifestations of Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Surv Ophthalmol 2009;54:686-96