2,921
Views
52
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Pharmacological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder

, , &
Pages 2457-2467 | Published online: 28 Sep 2011

Bibliography

  • Rickels K, Etemad B, Khalid-Khan S, Time to relapse after 6 and 12 months' treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with venlafaxine extended release. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010;67:1274-81
  • Rickels K, Rynn M. What is generalized anxiety disorder? J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(Suppl 11):4-12; discussion 13-14
  • Kessler R, Keller M, Hans-Ulrich W. The epidemiology of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2001;24:19-39
  • Rickels K, Schweizer E. The clinical course and long-term management of generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990;10:101-S
  • Rickels K, Rynn M. Pharmacotherapy of generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:9-16
  • Davidson JR, Feltner DE, Dugar A. Management of generalized anxiety disorder in primary care: identifying the challenges and unmet needs. Prim Care Companion. J Clin Psychiatry 2010;71:12
  • Allgulander C. Generalized anxiety disorder: between now and DSM-V. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2009;32:611-28
  • Pollack M, Kornstein S, Spann M, Early improvement during duloxetine treatment of generalized anxiety disorder predicts response and remission at endpoint. J Psychiatr Res 2008;42:1176-84
  • Bandelow B. Defining response and remission in anxiety disorders: toward an integrated approach. CNS Spectr 2006;11:21-8
  • Rickels K, Rynn M, Iyengar M, Remission of generalized anxiety disorder: a review of the paroxetine clinical trials database. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67:41-7
  • Goodman W. Selecting pharmacotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:8-13
  • Ballenger J. Treatment of anxiety disorders to remission. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;12:5-9
  • Ballenger J. Remission rates in patients with anxiety disorders treated with paroxetine. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:1696-707
  • Bandelow B, Baldwin D, Dolberg O, What is the threshold for symptomatic response and remission for major depressive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder? J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67:1428-34
  • Altamura AC, Dell'Osso B, D'Urso N, Duration of untreated illness as a predictor of treatment response and clinical course in generalized anxiety disorder. CNS Spectr 2008;13:415-22
  • Ballenger J, Davidson J, Lecrubier Y, Consensus statement on generalized anxiety disorder from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:53-8
  • Stahl S. Don't ask, don't tell, but benzodiazepines are still the leading treatments for anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:9
  • Rickels K, Downing R, Schweizer E, Antidepressants for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. A placebo-controlled comparison of imipramine, trazodone, and diazepam. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:884-95
  • Rickels K, Zaninelli R, McCafferty J, Paroxetine treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:749-56
  • Zimmerman M, Posternak M, Chelminski I. Is the cutoff to define remission on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression too high? J Nerv Ment Dis 2005;193:170-5
  • Rickels K, Garcia-Espana F, Mandos LA, Physician Withdrawal Checklist (PWC-20). J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;28:447-51
  • Rynn M, Brawman-Mintzer O. Generalized anxiety disorder: acute and chronic treatment. CNS Spectr 2004;9:716-23
  • Rickels K, Amsterdam J, Clary C, Buspirone in depressed outpatients: a controlled study. Psychopharmacol Bull 1990;26:163-7
  • Rickels K, Amsterdam J, Clary C, Buspirone in major depression: a controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry 1991;52:34-8
  • Gammans R, Stringfellow J, Hvizdos A, Use of buspirone in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and coexisting depressive symptoms. A meta-analysis of eight randomized, controlled studies. Neuropsychobiology 1992;25:193-201
  • Davidson J, DuPont R, Hedges D, Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of venlafaxine extended release and buspirone in outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:528-35
  • Ballenger J. Overview of different pharmacotherapies for attaining remission in generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:11-19
  • Baldwin D, Anderson I, Nutt D, Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 2005;19:567-96
  • Stocchi F, Nordera G, Jokinen R, Efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine for the long-term treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:250-8
  • Pollack MH, Zaninelli R, Goddard A, Paroxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a placebo-controlled, flexible-dosage trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:350-7
  • Dahl AA, Ravindran A, Allgulander C, Sertraline in generalized anxiety disorder: efficacy in treating the psychic and somatic anxiety factors. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005;111:429-35
  • Mokhber N, Azarpazhooh MR, Khajehdaluee M, Randomized, single-blind, trial of sertraline and buspirone for treatment of elderly patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010;64:128-33
  • Davidson JR, Bose A, Korotzer A, Escitalopram in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study. Depress Anxiety 2004;19:234-40
  • Goodman WK, Bose A, Wang Q. Treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with escitalopram: pooled results from double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. J Affect Disord 2005;87:161-7
  • Allgulander C, Florea I, Huusom AK. Prevention of relapse in generalized anxiety disorder by escitalopram treatment. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2006;9:495-505
  • Schneier FR, Belzer KD, Kishon R, Escitalopram for persistent symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder after CBT: a pilot study. J Nerv Ment Dis 2010;198:458-61
  • Hunot V, Churchill R, Silva DL, Psychological therapies for generalised anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;1-CD001848
  • Hofmann SG, Sawyer AT, Korte KJ, Is it beneficial to add pharmacotherapy to cognitive-behavioral therapy when treating anxiety disorders? A meta-analytic review. Int J Cogn Ther 2009;2:160-75
  • Sinclair LI, Christmas DM, Hood SD, Antidepressant-induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry 2009;194:483-90
  • Barbui C, Esposito E, Cipriani A. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of suicide: a systematic review of observational studies. CMAJ 2009;180:291-7
  • Sher L. Prevention of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2002;59:92-4
  • Haddad P. Antidepressant discontinuation syndromes. Drug Saf 2001;24:183-97
  • Lader M. Pharmacotherapy of mood disorders and treatment discontinuation. Drugs 2007;67:1657-63
  • Sheehan D. Attaining remission in generalized anxiety disorder: venlafaxine extended release comparative data. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;19:26-31
  • Russell JM, Weisberg R, Fava M, Efficacy of duloxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in patients with clinically significant pain symptoms. Depress Anxiety 2008;25(16):E1-11
  • Allgulander C, Hirschfeld R, Nutt D. Long-term treatment strategies in anxiety disorders. Psychopharmacol Bull 2002;36(Suppl 2):79-92
  • Nimatoudis I, Zissis NP, Kogeorgos J, Remission rates with venlafaxine extended release in Greek outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2004;19:331-6
  • Kim TS, Pae CU, Yoon SJ, Comparison of venlafaxine extended release versus paroxetine for treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006;60:347-51
  • Mancini M, Perna G, Rossi A, Use of duloxetine in patients with an anxiety disorder, or with comorbid anxiety and major depressive disorder: a review of the literature. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010;11:1167-81
  • Pollack MH, Endicott J, Liebowitz M, Examining quality of life in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: clinical relevance and response to duloxetine treatment. J Psychiatr Res 2008;42:1042-9
  • Endicott J, Russell J, Raskin J, Duloxetine treatment for role functioning improvement in generalized anxiety disorder: three independent studies. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:518-24
  • Rynn M, Russell J, Erickson J, Efficacy and safety of duloxetine in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a flexible-dose, progressive-titration, placebo-controlled trial. Depress Anxiety 2008;25:182-9
  • Hartford J, Kornstein S, Liebowitz M, Duloxetine as an SNRI treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: results from a placebo and active-controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;22:167-74
  • Allgulander C, Nutt D, Detke M, A non-inferiority comparison of duloxetine and venlafaxine in the treatment of adult patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Psychopharmacol 2008;22:417-25
  • Sheehan DV, Meyers AL, Prakash A, The relationship between functional outcomes and the treatment of anxious and painful somatic symptoms in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Curr Med Res Opin 2008;24:2457-66
  • Kroenke K, Bair MJ, Damush TM, Optimized antidepressant therapy and pain self-management in primary care patients with depression and musculoskeletal pain: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009;301:2099-110
  • Delgado PL, Brannan SK, Mallinckrodt CH, Sexual functioning assessed in 4 double-blind placebo- and paroxetine-controlled trials of duloxetine for major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:686-92
  • Nicolini H, Bakish D, Duenas H, Improvement of psychic and somatic symptoms in adult patients with generalized anxiety disorder: examination from a duloxetine, venlafaxine extended-release and placebo-controlled trial. Psychol Med 2009;39:267-76
  • Bystritsky A, Kerwin L, Feusner JD, A pilot controlled trial of bupropion xl versus escitalopram in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull 2008;41:46-51
  • Hedges DW, Reimherr FW, Strong RE, An open trial of nefazodone in adult patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull 1996;32:671-6
  • Mula M, Pini S, Cassano GB. The role of anticonvulsant drugs in anxiety disorders: a critical review of the evidence. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;27:263-72
  • Pande AC, Crockatt JG, Feltner DE, Pregabalin in generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:533-40
  • Feltner D, Wittchen HU, Kavoussi R, Long-term efficacy of pregabalin in generalized anxiety disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;23:18-28
  • Feltner DE, Crockatt JG, Dubovsky SJ, A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose, multicenter study of pregabalin in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;23:240-9
  • Montgomery SA, Herman BK, Schweizer E, The efficacy of pregabalin and benzodiazepines in generalized anxiety disorder presenting with high levels of insomnia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2009;24:214-22
  • Rickels K, Pollack MH, Feltner DE, Pregabalin for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a 4-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pregabalin and alprazolam. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:1022-30
  • Rosenthal M. Tiagabine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, open-label, clinical trial with paroxetine as a positive control. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:1245-9
  • Pollack MH, Roy-Byrne PP, Van Ameringen M, The selective GABA reuptake inhibitor tiagabine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: results of a placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:1401-8
  • Pollack MH, Tiller J, Xie F, Tiagabine in adult patients with generalized anxiety disorder: results from 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;28:308-16
  • Aliyev NA, Aliyev ZN. Valproate (depakine-chrono) in the acute treatment of outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder without psychiatric comorbidity: randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur Psychiatry 2008;23:109-14
  • Gao K, Sheehan DV, Calabrese JR. Atypical antipsychotics in primary generalized anxiety disorder or comorbid with mood disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2009;9:1147-58
  • Allgulander C. Novel approaches to treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2010;23:37-42
  • Katzman MA. Current considerations in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. CNS Drugs 2009;23:103-20
  • Lorenz RA, Jackson CW, Saitz M. Adjunctive use of atypical antipsychotics for treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder. Pharmacotherapy 2010;30:942-51
  • Worthington JJ III, Kinrys G, Wygant LE, Aripiprazole as an augmentor of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression and anxiety disorder patients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2005;20:9-11
  • Adson DE, Kushner MG, Fahnhorst TA. Treatment of residual anxiety symptoms with adjunctive aripiprazole in depressed patients taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Affect Disord 2005;86:99-104
  • Pessina E, Albert U, Bogetto F, Aripiprazole augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: a 12-week open-label preliminary study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2009;24:265-9
  • Menza MA, Dobkin RD, Marin H. An open-label trial of aripiprazole augmentation for treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2007;27:207-10
  • Pollack MH, Simon NM, Zalta AK, Olanzapine augmentation of fluoxetine for refractory generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo controlled study. Biol Psychiatry 2006;59:211-15
  • Brawman-Mintzer O, Knapp RG, Nietert PJ. Adjunctive risperidone in generalized anxiety disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:1321-5
  • Pandina GJ, Canuso CM, Turkoz I, Adjunctive risperidone in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Psychopharmacol Bull 2007;40:41-57
  • Lohoff FW, Etemad B, Mandos LA, Ziprasidone treatment of refractory generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2010;30:185-9
  • Bandelow B, Chouinard G, Bobes J, Extended-release quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR): a once-daily monotherapy effective in generalized anxiety disorder. Data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2010;13:305-20
  • Simon NM, Connor KM, LeBeau RT, Quetiapine augmentation of paroxetine CR for the treatment of refractory generalized anxiety disorder: preliminary findings. Psychopharmacology 2008;197:675-81
  • McIntyre A, Gendron A, McIntyre A. Quetiapine adjunct to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or venlafaxine in patients with major depression, comorbid anxiety, and residual depressive symptoms: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study. Depress Anxiety 2007;24:487-94

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.