Bibliography
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th edition. text revision (DSM-IV-TR) APA; Arlington: 2000
- McDougle CJ, Kresch LE, Goodman WK, A case-controlled study of repetitive thoughts and behavior in adults with autistic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152(5):772-7
- Posey DJ, McDougle CJ. The pharmacotherapy of target symptoms associated with autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2000;8(2):45-63
- Lecavalier L. Behavioral and emotional problems in young people with pervasive developmental disorders: relative prevalence, effects of subject characteristics, and empirical classification. J Autism Dev Disord 2000;36(8):1101-14
- Gadow KD, Sverd J. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, chronic tic disorder, and methylphenidate. Adv Neurol 2006;99:197-207
- Goldstein S, Schwebach AJ. The comorbidity of pervasive developmental disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of a retrospective chart review. J Autism Dev Disord 2004;34(3):329-39
- Erickson CA, Posey DJ, Stigler KA, Pharmacologic treatment of autism and related disorders. Pediatric Annals 2007;36(9):575-85
- Mulder EJ, Anderson GM, Kema IP, Serotonin transporter intron 2 polymorphism associated with rigid-compulsive behaviors in Dutch individuals with pervasive developmental disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005;133B(1):93-6
- McBride PA, Anderson GM, Hertzig ME, Effects of diagnosis, race, and puberty on platelet serotonin levels in autism and mental retardation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998;37(7):767-76
- Mulder EJ, Anderson GM, Kema IP, Platelet serotonin levels in pervasive developmental disorders and mental retardation: diagnostic group differences, within-group distribution, and behavioral correlates. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;43(4):491-9
- Geller DA, Biederman J, Stewart SE, Which SSRI? A meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy trials in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160(11):1919-28
- Gordon CT, State RC, Nelson JE, A double-blind comparison of clomipramine, desipramine, and placebo in the treatment of autistic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50(6):441-7
- Remington G, Sloman L, Konstantareas M, Clomipramine versus haloperidol in the treatment of autistic disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001;21(4):440-4
- Sanchez LE, Campbell M, Small AM, A pilot study of clomipramine in young autistic children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35(4):537-44
- Hollander E, Phillips A, Chaplin W, A placebo controlled crossover trial of liquid fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in childhood adolescent autism. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005;30(3):582-9
- Cook EH Jr, Rowlett R, Jaselskis C, Fluoxetine treatment of children and adults with autistic disorder and mental retardation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1992;31(4):739-45
- Delong GR, Teague LA, McSwain Kamran M. Effects of fluoxetine treatment in young children with idiopathic autism. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1998;40:551-62
- McDougle CJ, Naylor ST, Cohen DJ, A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of fluvoxamine in adults with autistic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53(11):1001-8
- McDougle CJ, Kresch LE, Posey DJ. Repetitive thoughts and behavior in pervasive developmental disorders: treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Autism Dev Disord 2000;30(5):427-35
- Sugie Y, Sugie H, Fukuda T. Clinical efficacy of fluvoxamine and functional polymorphism in a serotonin transporter gene on childhood autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2005;35(3):77-385
- Hellings JA, Kelley LA, Gabrielli WF, Sertraline response in adults with mental retardation and autistic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57(8):333-6
- McDougle CJ, Brodkin ES, Naylor ST, Sertraline in adults with pervasive developmental disorders: a prospective open-label investigation. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998;18(1):62-6
- Steingard RJ, Zimnitzky B, DeMaso DR, Sertraline treatment of transition-associated anxiety and agitation in children with autistic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1997;7(1):9-15
- King BH, Hollander E, Sikich L, Lack of efficacy of citalopram in children with autism spectrum disorders and high levels of repetitive behavior: citalopram ineffective in children with autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009;66(6):583-90
- Couturier JL, Nicolson R. A retrospective assessment of citalopram in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2002;12(3):243-8
- Namerow LB, Thomas P, Bostic JQ, Use of citalopram in pervasive developmental disorders. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2003;24(2):104-8
- Owley T, Walton L, Salt J, An open-label trial of escitalopram in pervasive developmental disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005;44(4):343-8
- Hollander E, Kaplan A, Cartwright C, Venlafaxine in children, adolescents, and young adults with autism spectrum disorders: an open retrospective clinical report. J Child Neurol 2000;15(2):132-5
- Carminati GG, Deriaz N, Bertschy G. Low-dose venlafaxine in three adolescents and young adults with autistic disorder improves self-injurious behavior and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD)-like symptoms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2006;30(2):312-15
- Gedye A. Trazodone reduced aggressive and self-injurious movements in a mentally handicapped male patient with autism. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991;11(4):275-6
- Malone RP, Waheed A. The role of antipsychotics in the management of behavioural symptoms in children and adolescents with autism. Drugs 2009;69(5):535-48
- Campbell M, Anderson LT, Meier M, A comparison of haloperidol and behavior therapy and their interaction in autistic children. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1978;17(4):640-55
- Cohen IL, Campbell M, Posner D. A study of haloperidol in young autistic children: a within-subjects design using objective rating scales. Psychopharmacol Bull 1980;16(3):63-5
- Anderson LT, Campbell M, Grega DM. Haloperidol in the treatment of infantile autism: effects on learning and behavioral symptoms. Am J Psychiatry 1984;141(10):1195-202
- Anderson LT, Campbell M, Adams P, The effects of haloperidol on discrimination learning and behavioral symptoms in autistic children. J Autism Dev Disord 1989;19(2):227-39
- Locascio JJ, Malone RP, Small AM, Factors related to haloperidol response and dyskinesias in autistic children. Psychopharmacol Bull 1991;27(2):119-26
- Perry R, Campbell M, Adams P, Long-term efficacy of haloperidol in autistic children: continuous versus discontinuous drug administration. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1989;28(1):87-92
- Campbell M, Armenteros JL, Malone RP, Neuroleptic-related dyskinesias in autistic children: a prospective, longitudinal study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36(6):835-43
- Faretra G, Dooher L, Dowling J. Comparison of haloperidol and fluphenazine in disturbed children. Am J Psychiatry 1970;126(11):1670-3
- Naruse H, Nagahata M, Nakane Y, A multi-center double-blind trial of pimozide (Orap), haloperidol and placebo in children with behavioral disorders, using crossover design. Acta Paedopsychiatr 1982;48(4):173-84
- Miral S, Gencer O, Inal-Emiroglu FN, Risperidone versus haloperidol in children and adolescents with AD : a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008;17(1):1-8
- Gencer O, Emiroglu FN, Miral S, Comparison of long-term efficacy and safety of risperidone and haloperidol in children and adolescents with autistic disorder. An open label maintenance study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008;17(4):217-25
- McDougle CJ, Stigler KA, Erickson CA, Atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents with autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69(Suppl 4):15-20
- Zuddas A, Ledda MG, Fratta A, Clinical effects of clozapine on autistic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153(5):738
- Chen NC, Bedair HS, McKay B, Clozapine in the treatment of aggression in an adolescent with autistic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(6):479-80
- Lambrey S, Falissard B, Martin-Barrero M, Effectiveness of clozapine for the treatment of aggression in an adolescent with autistic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2010;20(1):79-80
- McCracken JT, McGough J, Shah B, Risperidone in children with autism and serious behavioral problems. N Engl J Med 2002;347(5):314-21
- Shea S, Turgay A, Carroll A, Risperidone in the treatment of disruptive behavioral symptoms in children with autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatrics 2004;114(5):e634-41
- Troost PW, Lahuis BE, Steenhuis MP, Long-term effects of risperidone in children with autism spectrum disorders: a placebo discontinuation study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005;44(11):1137-44
- Malone RP. Discontinuing risperidone results in relapse in children with autism spectrum disorders. Evid Based Ment Health 2006;9(2):56
- Luby J, Mrakotsky C, Stalets MM, Risperidone in preschool children with autistic spectrum disorders: an investigation of safety and efficacy. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006;16(5):575-87
- Nagaraj R, Singhi P, Malhi P. Risperidone in children with autism: randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Child Neurol 2006;21(6):450-5
- Aman MG, Hollway JA, Leone S, Effects of risperidone on cognitive-motor performance and motor movements in chronically medicated children. Res Dev Disabil 2009;30(2):386-96
- Hollander E, Wasserman S, Swanson EN, A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of olanzapine in childhood/adolescent pervasive developmental disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006;16(5):541-8
- Kemner C, Willemsen-Swinkels SH, de Jonge M, Open-label study of olanzapine in children with pervasive developmental disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2002;22(5):455-60
- Fido A, Al-Saad S. Olanzapine in the treatment of behavioral problems associated with autism: an open-label trial in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract 2008;17(5):415-18
- Potenza MN, Holmes JP, Kanes SJ, Olanzapine treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with pervasive developmental disorders: an open-label pilot study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;19(1):37-44
- Milin R, Simeon JG, Batth S, An open trial of olanzapine in children and adolescents with Asperger Disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2006;26(1):90-2
- Stavrakaki C, Antochi R, Emery PC. Olanzapine in the treatment of pervasive developmental disorders: a case series analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2004;29(1):57-60
- Martin A, Koenig K, Scahill L, Open-label quetiapine in the treatment of children and adolescents with autistic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1999;9(2):99-107
- Findling RL, McNamara NK, Gracious BL, Quetiapine in nine youths with autistic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2004;14(2):287-94
- Corson AH, Barkenbus JE, Posey DJ, A retrospective analysis of quetiapine in the treatment of pervasive developmental disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65(11):1531-6
- Hardan AY, Jou RJ, Handen BL. Retrospective study of quetiapine in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2005;35(3):387-91
- McDougle CJ, Kem DL, Posey DJ. Case series: use of ziprasidone for maladaptive symptoms in youths with autism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002;41(8):921-7
- Malone RP, Delaney MA, Hyman SB, Ziprasidone in adolescents with autism: an open-label pilot study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17(6):779-90
- Goforth HW, Rao MS. Improvement in behaviour and attention in an autistic patient treated with ziprasidone. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2003;37(6):775-6
- Duggal HS. Ziprasidone for maladaptive behavior and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in autistic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17(2):261-3
- Marcus RN, Owen R, Kamen L, A placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with irritability associated with autistic disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009;48(11):1110-19
- Owen R, Sikich L, Marcus RN, Aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability in children and adolescents with autistic disorder. Pediatrics 2009;124(6):1533-40
- Marcus RN, Owen R, Manos G, Safety and tolerability of aripiprazole for irritability in pediatric patients with autistic disorder: a 52-week, open-label, multicenter study. J Clin Psychiatry 2011;72(9):1270-6
- Marcus RN, Owen R, Manos G, Aripiprazole in the treatment of irritability in pediatric patients (aged 6-17 years) with autistic disorder: results from a 52-week, open-label study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2011;21(3):229-36
- Stigler KA, Posey DJ, McDougle CJ. Aripiprazole for maladaptive behavior in pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2004;14(3):455-63
- Stigler KA, Diener JT, Kohn AE, Aripiprazole in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and Asperger's disorder: a 14-week, prospective, open-label study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009;19(3):265-74
- Valicenti-McDermott MR, Demb H. Clinical effects and adverse reactions of off-label use of aripiprazole in children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006;16(5):549-60
- Stigler KA, Erickson CA, Mullett JE, Paliperidone for irritability in autistic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2010;20(1):75-8
- Greenhill L, Beyer DH, Finkleson J, Guidelines and algorithms for the use of methylphenidate in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Atten Disord 2002;6(Suppl 1):S89-100
- Greenhill LL, Pliszka S, Dulcan MK, Summary of the practice parameter for the use of stimulant medications in the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40(11):1352-5
- Quintana H, Birmaher B, Stedge D, Use of methylphenidate in the treatment of children with autistic disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 1995;25(3):283-94
- Handen BL, Johnson CR, Lubetsky M. Efficacy of methylphenidate among children with autism and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2000;30(3):245-55
- Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Autism Network. Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of methylphenidate in pervasive developmental disorders with hyperactivity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62(11):1266-74
- Posey DJ, Aman MG, McCracken JT, Positive effects of methylphenidate on inattention and hyperactivity in pervasive developmental disorders: an analysis of secondary measures. Biol Psychiatry 2007;61(4):538-44
- Stigler KA, Desmond LA, Posey DJ, A naturalistic retrospective analysis of psychostimulants in pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2004;14(1):49-56
- Ghuman JK, Aman MG, Lecavalier L, Randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study of methylphenidate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in preschoolers with developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009;19(4):329-39
- Arnold LE, Aman MG, Cook AM, Atomoxetine for hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorders: placebo-controlled crossover pilot trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45(10):1196-205
- Jou RJ, Handen BL, Hardan AY. Retrospective assessment of atomoxetine in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2005;15(2):325-30
- Posey DJ, Wiegand RE, Wilkerson J, Open-label atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms associated with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006;16(5):599-610
- Troost PW, Steenhuis MP, Tuynman-Qua HG, Atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in children with pervasive developmental disorders: a pilot study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006;16(5):611-19
- Jaselskis CA, Cook EH Jr, Fletcher KE, Clonidine treatment of hyperactive and impulsive children with autistic disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1992;12(5):322-7
- Fankhauser MP, Karumanchi VC, German ML, A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of transdermal clonidine in autism. J Clin Psychiatry 1992;53(3):77-82
- Ming X, Gordon E, Kang N, Use of clonidine in children with autism spectrum disorders. Brain Dev 2008;30(7):454-60
- Handen BL, Sahl R, Hardan AY. Guanfacine in children with autism and/or intellectual disabilities. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2008;29(4):303-8
- Posey DJ, Puntney JI, Sasher TM, Guanfacine treatment of hyperactivity and inattention in pervasive developmental disorders: a retrospective analysis of 80 cases. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2004;14(2):233-41
- Scahill L, Aman MG, McDougle CJ, A prospective open trial of guanfacine in children with pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006;16(5):589-98
- Blankenship K, Erickson CA, Stigler KA, Guanfacine extended release in two patients with pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2011;21(3):287-90
- Leboyer M, Bouvard MP, Launay JM, Brief report: a double-blind study of naltrexone in infantile autism. J Autism Dev Disord 1992;22(2):309-19
- Campbell M, Anderson LT, Small AM, Naltrexone in autistic children: behavioral symptoms and attentional learning. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1993;32(6):1283-91
- Bouvard MP, Leboyer M, Launay JM, Low-dose naltrexone effects on plasma chemistries and clinical symptoms in autism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Psychiatry Res 1995;58(3):191-201
- Willemsen-Swinkels SH, Buitelaar JK, Weijnen FG, Placebo-controlled acute dosage naltrexone study in young autistic children. Psychiatry Res 1995;58(3):203-15
- Willemsen-Swinkels SH, Buitelaar JK, van Engeland H. The effects of chronic naltrexone treatment in young autistic children: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Biol Psychiatry 1996;39(12):1023-31
- Buitelaar JK, van der Gaag RJ, van der Hoeven J. Buspirone in the management of anxiety and irritability in children with pervasive developmental disorders: results of an open-label study. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59(2):56-9
- Hellings JA, Weckbaugh M, Nickel EJ, A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of valproate for aggression in youth with pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2005;15(4):682-92
- Hollander E, Chaplin W, Soorya L, Divalproex sodium vs placebo for the treatment of irritability in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010;35(4):990-8
- Hollander E, Dolgoff-Kaspar R, Cartwright C, An open trial of divalproex sodium in autism spectrum disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(7):530-4
- Hollander E, Soorya L, Wasserman S, Divalproex sodium vs. placebo in the treatment of repetitive behaviours in autism spectrum disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2006;9(2):209-13
- Belsito KM, Law PA, Kirk KS, Lamotrigine therapy for autistic disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Autism Dev Disord 2001;31(2):175-81
- Rugino TA, Samsock TC. Levetiracetam in autistic children: an open-label study. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2002;23(4):225-30
- Owley T, Salt J, Guter S, A prospective, open-label trial of memantine in the treatment of cognitive, behavioral, and memory dysfunction in pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006;16(5):517-24
- Chez MG, Burton Q, Dowling T, Memantine as adjunctive therapy in children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders: an observation of initial clinical response and maintenance tolerability. J Child Neurol 2007;22(5):574-9
- Erickson CA, Posey DJ, Stigler KA, A retrospective study of memantine in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007;191(1):141-7
- Erickson CA, Chambers JE. Memantine for disruptive behavior in autistic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67(6):1000
- Bernhardt EB, Walsh KH, Posey DJ, Memantine for comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder and Asperger disorder suggests a link in glutamatergic dysregulation. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2011;31(5):673-5
- Posey DJ, Guenin KD, Kohn AE, A naturalistic open-label study of mirtazapine in autistic and other pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2001;11(3):267-77
- Coskun M, Karakoc S, Kircelli F, Effectiveness of mirtazapine in the treatment of inappropriate sexual behaviors in individuals with autistic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009;19(2):203-6
- Nguyen M, Murphy T. Mirtazapine for excessive masturbation in an adolescent with autism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40(8):868-9
- Albertini G, Polito E, Sara M, Compulsive masturbation in infantile autism treated by mirtazapine. Pediatr Neurol 2006;34(5):417-18
- Coskun M, Mukaddes NM. Mirtazapine treatment in a subject with autistic disorder and fetishism. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2008;18(2):206-9
- Boris M, Kaiser CC, Goldblatt A. Effect of pioglitazone treatment on behavioral symptoms in autistic children. J Neuroinflammation 2007;4:3
- Wink LK, Erickson CA, Stigler KA, Riluzole in autistic disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2011;21(4):375-9
- Rezaei V, Mohammadi MR, Ghanizadeh A, Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of risperidone plus topiramate in children with autistic disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010;34(7):1269-72
- Mazzone L, Ruta L. Topiramate in children with autistic spectrum disorders. Brain Dev 2010;28(10):668
- Hardan AY, Jou RJ, Handen BL. A retrospective assessment of topiramate in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2004;14(3):426-32
- Jafferany M, Shireen F, Ibrahim A. An open-label trial of topiramate in the treatment of skin picking in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2010;12:2
- Canitano R. Clinical experience with Topiramate to counteract neuroleptic induced weight gain in 10 individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. Brain Dev 2005;27(3):228-32