561
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Evaluations

Candesartan plus hydrochlorothiazide: an overview of its use and efficacy

&
Pages 2699-2709 | Published online: 21 Nov 2012

Bibliography

  • Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002;360(9349):1903-13
  • Collins R, Pero R, MacMahon S, Blood Pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomized drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 1990;335:827-38
  • Mancia G, DeBaker G, Dominiczak A, 2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2007;28(12):1462-536
  • Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Effects or ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE sub-study. Lancet 2000;355:253-9
  • Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA, Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens 2002;4:393-404
  • Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomized trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003
  • Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 2005;365(9455):217-23
  • Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Kramer H, Hypertension treatment and control in five European countries, Canada, and the Unites States. Hypertension 2004;43(1):10-17
  • Wald DS, Law M, Morris JK, Combination therapy versus monotherapy in reducing blood pressure: meta-analysis on 11.000 participants from 4 trials. Am J Med 2009;122:290-300
  • Skoog I, Lithell H, Hansson L, Effect of baseline cognitive function and antihypertensive treatment on cognitive and cardiovascular outcomes: study on Cognition and prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). Am J Hypertens 2005;18(8):1052-9
  • Jamerson KA, Bakris GL, Wun CC, Rationale and design of the avoiding cardiovascular events throught combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial: the first randomized controlled trial to compare the clinical outcomes effects of first-line combination therapies in hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2004;17(9):793-801
  • Gil-Extremera B, Ca-Gmez P. Hypertension in the elderly. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012: 859176. Epub 2011 Aug 16.
  • Meredith PA. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists alone and combined with hydrochlorothiazide: potential benefits beyond the antihypertensive effect. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2005;5:171-83
  • Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, Effects on intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomized trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet 1998;351:1755-62
  • Ambrosioni E. Healthcare benefits of very-low-dose combination treatment in the management of hypertension. J Hypertens 2001;19:S29-36
  • Calo LA, Schiavo S, Davis PA, Angiotensin II signaling via type 2 receptors in a human model of vascular hyporeactivity: implications for hypertension. J Hypertens 2010;28:111-18
  • Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 Report. JAMA 2003;289(19):2560-72
  • Moser M. Update on the management of hypertension: recent clinical trials and the JNC 7. J Clin Hypertens 2006;6(10):4-13
  • Lacourcerie Y, Asmar R. A comparison of the efficacy and duration of action of candesartan cilexetil and losartan as assessed by clinic and ambulatory blood pressure after a missed dose, in truly hypertensive patients: a placebo-controlled, forced titration study. Candesartan/Losartan Study Investigators. Am J Hypertens 1999;12:1181-7
  • Andersson OK, Neldam S. A comparison of the antihypertensive effects of candesartan cilexetil and losartan in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11(Suppl 2):S63-4
  • Farsang C, Kawecka-Jaszcz K, Langan J, Antihypertensive effects and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil alone and in combination with amlodipine. Clin Drug Invest 2001;21:17-23
  • Himmelmann A, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, Wester A, The effects duration of candesartan cilexetil once daily, in comparison with enalapril once daily, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Blood Press 2001;10:43-51
  • Philipp T, Letzel H, Arens HJ. Dose-finding study of candesartan cilexetil plus hydrochlorothiazide in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11(Suppl 2):S67-8
  • Koenig W; The Multicentre Study Group. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of combination tablets containing candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide or losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with moderate to severe hypertension. Results of the CARLOS study. Clin Drug Investig 2000;19(4):239-46
  • Oparil S. Newly emerging pharmacologic differences in angiotensin II receptor Blockers. Am J Hypertens 2000;13(1Pt2):18S-24S
  • Gleiter CH, Morike K. Clinical pharmacokinetics of candesartan. Clin Pharmacokinet 2002;41:7-17
  • Van Liefde I, Vauqueling G. Sartan AT (1) receptor interaction: in vitro evidence for insourmontable antagonism and inverse agonism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009;302(2):237-43
  • Fuchs B, Breithaupt-Grogler K, Belz GG, Comparative pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of candesartan and losartan in man. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000;52(9):1075-83
  • Bramlage P, Schonrock E, Odoj P, Importance of a fixed combination of AT1-receptor blockade and hydrochlorothiazide for blood pressure lowering in cardiac risk patients. A postmarketing surveillance study with candesartan/HCTZ. MMW Fortschr Med 2008;149(Suppl 4):172-81
  • Mengden T, Uen S, Bramlage P. Management of hypertension with fixed dose combinations of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide: patients perspectives and clinical utility. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009;5:1043-58
  • Bains J, Smith WB. Valsartan plus hydrochlorothiazide: a review of its use since its introduction. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011;12(12):1975-84
  • Jackson EK. Diuretics. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, editors. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 10th edition. MacGraw-Hill; US; New York: 2001. p. 757-88
  • Carter BL, Ernst ME, Cohen JD. Hydrochlorothiazide versus chlorthalidone: evidence supporting their interchangeability. Hypertension 2004;43(1):4-9
  • Ernst ME, Carter BL, Zheng S, Grimm RH. Meta-analysis of dose-response characteristics of hydrochlorothiazide and chlortalidone: effects on systolic blood pressure and potassium. Am J Hypertens 2010;23:440-6
  • Reungjui S, Pratipanawatr T, Johnson RJ, Nakagawa T. Do thiazides worsen metabolic syndrome and renal disease? The pivotal role of hyperuricemia and hypokaliemia. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2008;17:470-6
  • Germino FW. Which diuretic is the preferred agent for treating essential hypertension: Hydrochlorothiazide or Chlorthalidone? Curr Cardiol Rep 2012. [Epub ahead of print]
  • van Brummelen P, Man int Veld AJ, Schalekamp MA. Hemodynamic changes during long-term thiazide treatment of essential hypertension in responders and nonresponders. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1980;27(3):328-36
  • Greathouse MK, Weir MR. The role of ARBs alone or with HCTZ in the treatment of hypertension and prevention of cardiovascular and renal complications. Postgrad Med 2012;124(2):40-52
  • Marfatia R, White WB, Schumacher H. Effects of telmisartan with hydrochlorothiazide versus valsartan with hydrochlorothiazide in patients with moderate-to-severe hypertension. Int J Hypertens 2012; published online 2012 July 10; doi: 10.1155/2012/976828
  • Hiroshi I, Katsuhisa I, Hajime K, Adding thiazide to a renin-angiotensin blocker improves left ventricolar relaxation and improves heart failure in patients with hypertension. Hypertens Res 2012;35:93-9
  • Khawaja Z, Wilcox CS. An overview of candesartan in clinical practice. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2011;9(8):975-82
  • Elmfeldt D, Olofsson B, Meredith P. The relationship between dose and antihypertensive effect of four AT-1 receptor blockers. Differences in potency and efficacy. Blood Press 2002;11(5):293-301
  • Chaturvedi N, Porta M, Klein R, Effect of candesartan on prevention (DIRECT-Prevent1) and progression (DIRECT-Protect1) of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet 2008;372(9647):1394-402
  • Asmar R, Lacourciere Y. A new approach to assesting antihypertensive therapy: effect of treatment on pulse pressure. Candesartan cilexetil in Hypertension Ambulatory Measurement of Blood Pressure (CHAMP) Study Investigator. J Hypertens 2000;18(11):1683-90
  • Reboldi G, Angeli F, Cavallini C, Comparison between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptot blockers on the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and death: a meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2008;26:1282-9
  • Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, CHARM Investigators and Committees. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet 2003;362(9386):759-66
  • Granger CB, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet 2003;362:772-6
  • Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbility in petients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial. Lancet 2003;362:777-81
  • McMurray JJ, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet 2003;362:767-71
  • Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of European Society of Cardiology. Develop in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society on Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur Heart J 2008;29(19):2388-442
  • Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, SCOPE Study Group. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens 2003;21(5):875-86
  • Mogensen CE, Neldam S, Tikkanen I, Randomized controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: the candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (CALM) study. BMJ 2000;321(7274):1440-4
  • Chaturvedi N, Porta M, Klein R, Effect of candesartan on prevention (DIRECT-Prevent 1) and progression (DIRECT-Protect 1) of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet 2008;372(9647):1394-402
  • Sjolie AK, Klein R, Porta M, Effect of candesartan on progression and regression of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes (DIRECT-Protect 2): a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372(9647):1385-93
  • Papademetriou V, Reif M, Henry D, Combination therapy with candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with systemic hypertension. J Clin Hypertens 2000;2:372-8
  • Bonner G; Multicentre Study Group. Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of candesartan hydrochlorothiazide 32/12.5 mg and 32/25 mg in patients not optimally controlled with candesartan monotherapy. Blood Press 2008;17(Suppl 2):22-30
  • Edes I; Multicentre Study Group. Combination therapy with candesartan cilexetil 32 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg provides the full additive antihypertensive effect of the components. Clin Drug Invest 2009;29(5):293-304
  • Baumgart P, Naudts I, Kiel G. Introducing candesartan 32 mg plus hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg in previously untreated patients with severe essential hypertension. Prag Observ Res 2011;2:5-12
  • Ohma KP, Milon H, Valnes K. Efficacy and tolerability of a combination tablet of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide in insufficiently controlled primary hypertension-comparison with a combination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide. Blood Press 2000;9(4):214-20
  • Shuster JE, Bleske B, Dorsch M. Clinical utility of azilsartn-chlorthalidone fixed combination in the management of hypertension. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2012;8:381-7
  • Bakris G L, Sica D, White W B, Antihypertensive efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide versus chlortalidone combined with azilsartan medoxomil. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.05.023
  • Ketelhut R, Bramlage P. Candesartan Cilexetil/Hydrocholorothiazide treatment in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria. The CHILI T2D Study. Clin Drug Investig 2010;30(5):301-11
  • Bonner G, Landers B, Bramlage P. Candesartan cilexetil/hydrochlorothiazide combination treatment versus high-dose candesartan cilexetil monotherapy in patients with mild to moderate cardiovascular risk (CHILI Triple T). Vasc Health Risk Manag 2011;7:85-95
  • Mengden T, Hubner R, Bramlage P. Office and ambulatory blood pressure control with a fixed-dose combination of candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide in previously uncontrolled hypertensive patients: results of CHILI CU Soon. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2011;7:761-9
  • Melian EB, Jarvis B. Candesartan cilexetil plus hydrochlorothiazide combination: a review of its use in hypertension. Drugs 2002;62(5):787-816
  • Aberg JG, Olofsson B, Karlson BW. Pharmacokinetic interaction study with fixed high dose combinations of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011;49(12):750-5
  • Belcher G, Hubner R, George M, Candesartan cilexetil: safety and tolerability in healthy volunteers and patients with hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11(Suppl 2):S85-9
  • Fujiwara W, Izawa H, Ukai G, Yokoi H, Mukaide D, Kinoshita K, Low dose of hydrochlorothiazide, in combination with angiotensin receptor blocker, reduces blood pressure effectively without adverse effects on glucose and lipid profiles. Heart Vessels 2012. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Benicky J, Sanchez-Lemus E, Pavel J, Saavedra JM. Anti-inflammatory effects of angiotensin receptor blockers in the brain and the periphery. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2009;29:781-92
  • Degli Esposti L, Saragoni S, Benemei S, Adherence to antihypertensive medications and health outcomes among newly treated hypertensive patients. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2011;3:1-8
  • Colombo GL, Caruggi M, Ottolini C, Maggioni A. Candesartan in heart failure: assessment of reduction in mortality and morbility (CHARM) and resource utilization and costs in Italy. J Vasc Health Risk Manag 2008;4(1):1-12
  • Waeber B. Very-low-dose combination: a fist-line choice for the treatment of hypertension? J Hypertens Suppl 2003;21:S3-S10
  • Waeber B. Combination therapy with ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor antagonists and diuretics in hypertension. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2003;1:43-50
  • Schrader J, Luders S, Kulschewski A, The ACCESS study: evaluation of acute candesartan cilexetil therapy in stroke survivors. Stroke 2003;34:1699-703
  • Nemati F, Rahbar-Roshandel N, Hosseini F, Anti-inflammatory effects of anti-hypertensive agents: influence on interleukin-1beta secretion by peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with essential hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2011;33(2):69-76

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.