Postoperative nausea and vomiting – a narrative review of pathophysiology, pharmacotherapy and clinical management strategies

Bibliography

• Gan TJ, Diemunsch P, Habib AS, et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 2014;118:85-113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhart L, Koch T, Kranke P, et al. Activity-based cost analysis of opioid-related nausea and vomiting among inpatients. J Opioid Manag 2014;10:415-22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kranke P, Eberhart LHJ. Possibilities and limitations in the pharmacological management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2011;28:758-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blacoe DA, Cunning E, Bell G. Paediatric day-case surgery: an audit of unplanned hospital admission Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow. Anaesthesia 2008;63:610-15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kerger H, Turan A, Kredel M, et al. Patients’ willingness to pay for anti-emetic treatment. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007;51:38-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gan T, Sloan F, Dear G de L, et al. How much are patients willing to pay to avoid postoperative nausea and vomiting? Anesth Analg 2001;92:393-400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kranke P, Diemunsch P. The 2014 consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a leapfrog towards a postoperative nausea and vomiting-free hospital. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2014;31:651-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith HS, Laufer A. Opioid induced nausea and vomiting. Eur J Pharmacol 2014;722:67-78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlisle JB, Stevenson CA. Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006(3):CD004125
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horn CC, Wallisch WJ, Homanics GE, Williams JP. Pathophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Eur J Pharmacol 2014;722:55-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George E, Hornuss C, Apfel CC. Neurokinin-1 and novel serotonin antagonists for postoperative and postdischarge nausea and vomiting. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2010;23:714-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tattersall FD, Rycroft W, Cumberbatch M, et al. The novel NK1 receptor antagonist MK-0869 (L-754,030) and its water soluble phosphoryl prodrug, L-758,298, inhibit acute and delayed cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets. Neuropharmacology 2000;39:652-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apfel CC, Heidrich FM, Jukar-Rao S, et al. Evidence-based analysis of risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesth 2012;109:742-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apfel CC, Korttila K, Abdalla M, et al. A factorial trial of six interventions for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2441-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koivuranta M, Läärä E, Snåre L, Alahuhta S. A survey of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia 1997;52:443-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhart LHJ, Geldner G, Kranke P, et al. The development and validation of a risk score to predict the probability of postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients. Anesth Analg 2004;99:1630-7; table of contents
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apfel CC, Läärä E, Koivuranta M, et al. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from cross-validations between two centers. Anesthesiology 1999;91:693-700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kranke P, Eberhart LH, Toker H, et al. A prospective evaluation of the POVOC score for the prediction of postoperative vomiting in children. Anesth Analg 2007;105:1592-7; table of contents
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kranke P, Morin AM, Roewer N, Eberhart LHJ. Dimenhydrinate for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002;46:238-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhart LH, Seeling W, Hartschuh T, et al. Droperidol and dimenhydrinate alone or in combination for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting after nasal surgery in male patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol 1999;16:790-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kranke P, Eberhart L, Motsch J, et al. I.V. APD421 (amisulpride) prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Br J Anaesth 2013;111:938-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henzi I, Walder B, Tramèr MR. Metoclopramide in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Br J Anaesth 1999;83:761-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuttall GA, Malone AM, Michels CA, et al. Does low-dose droperidol increase the risk of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or death in the surgical patient? Anesthesiology 2013;118:382-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lischke V, Behne M, Doelken P, et al. Droperidol causes a dose-dependent prolongation of the QT interval. Anesth Analg 1994;79:983-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monassier L, Bousquet P. Sigma receptors: from discovery to highlights of their implications in the cardiovascular system. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2002;16:1-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto K, Ishiwata K. Sigma receptor ligands: possible application as therapeutic drugs and as radiopharmaceuticals. Curr Pharm Des 2006;12:3857-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracz K, Owczuk R. Small doses of droperidol do not present relevant torsadogenic actions: a double-blinded, ondansetron-controlled study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Nuttall GA, Eckerman KM, Jacob KA, et al. Does low-dose droperidol administration increase the risk of drug-induced QT prolongation and torsade de pointes in the general surgical population? Anesthesiology 2007;107:531-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merker M, Kranke P, Morin AM, et al. [Prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting in the postoperative phase: relative effectiveness of droperidol and metoclopramide]. Anaesthesist 2011;60:432-40; 442–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sanger GJ, Broad J, Andrews PLR. The relationship between gastric motility and nausea: gastric prokinetic agents as treatments. Eur J Pharmacol 2013;715:10-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanger GJ, Andrews PLR. Treatment of nausea and vomiting: gaps in our knowledge. Auton Neurosci 2006;129:3-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonini M, Candura SM, Messori E, Rizzi CA. Therapeutic potential of drugs with mixed 5-HT4 agonist/5-HT3 antagonist action in the control of emesis. Pharmacol Res 1995;31:257-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higgins GA, Kilpatrick GJ, Bunce KT, et al. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists injected into the area postrema inhibit cisplatin-induced emesis in the ferret. Br J Pharmacol 1989;97:247-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim S-H, Lee S-M, Kim Y-K, et al. Effects of prophylactic ramosetron and ondansetron on corrected QT interval during general anesthesia. J Clin Anesth 2014;26:511-16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park SK, Cho EJ, Kang SH, et al. A randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy of ramosetron and palonosetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Korean J Anesthesiol 2013;64:133-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim JS, Kim JY, Lee S-J, et al. Multicenter nonrandomized trial of ramosetron versus palonosetron in controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting for colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res 2014;87:9-13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mihara T, Tojo K, Uchimoto K, et al. Reevaluation of the effectiveness of ramosetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 2013;117:329-39
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stoltz R, Cyong J-C, Shah A, Parisi S. Pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation of palonosetron, a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist, in U.S. and Japanese healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44:520-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim S-H, Hong J-Y, Kim WO, et al. Palonosetron has superior prophylactic antiemetic efficacy compared with ondansetron or ramosetron in high-risk patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Korean J Anesthesiol 2013;64:517-23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henzi I, Walder B, Tramèr MR. Dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg 2000;90:186-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JJ, Ho ST, Liu YH, et al. Dexamethasone reduces nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Anaesth 1999;83:772-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JJ, Ho ST, Lee SC, et al. The use of dexamethasone for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in females undergoing thyroidectomy: a dose-ranging study. Anesth Analg 2000;91:1404-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu C-C, Hsing C-H, Shieh J-P, et al. The cellular mechanisms of the antiemetic action of dexamethasone and related glucocorticoids against vomiting. Eur J Pharmacol 2014;722:48-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki T, Sugimoto M, Koyama H, et al. Inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on human-cloned 5-hydroxytryptamine3A receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes. Anesthesiology 2004;101:660-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberhart LHJ, Holdorf S, Albert US, et al. Impact of a single perioperative dose of dexamethasone on the incidence of surgical site infections: a case-control study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2011;37:1807-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colin B, Gan TJ. Cancer recurrence and hyperglycemia with dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis: more moot points? Anesth Analg 2014;118:1154-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kranke P, Thompson JP, Dalby PL, et al. Comparison of vestipitant with ondansetron for the treatment of breakthrough postoperative nausea and vomiting after failed prophylaxis with ondansetron. Br J Anaesth 2015;114(3):423-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gan TJ, Meyer T, Apfel CC, et al. Consensus guidelines for managing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 2003;97:62-71; table of contents
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gan TJ, Meyer TA, Apfel CC, et al. Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 2007;105:1615-28; table of contents
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franck M, Radtke FM, Baumeyer A, et al. [Adherence to treatment guidelines for postoperative nausea and vomiting. How well does knowledge transfer result in improved clinical care?]. Anaesthesist 2010;59:524-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frenzel JC, Kee SS, Ensor JE, et al. Ongoing provision of individual clinician performance data improves practice behavior. Anesth Analg 2010;111:515-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz JR, Kee SS, Frenzel JC, et al. The effect of an anatomically classified procedure on antiemetic administration in the postanesthesia care unit. Anesth Analg 2010;110:403-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rüsch D, Eberhart L, Biedler A, et al. Prospective application of a simplified risk score to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. Can J Anaesth 2005;52:478-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biedler A, Wermelt J, Kunitz O, et al. A risk adapted approach reduces the overall institutional incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Can J Anaesth 2004;51:13-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierre S, Corno G, Benais H, Apfel CC. A risk score-dependent antiemetic approach effectively reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting – a continuous quality improvement initiative. Can J Anaesth 2004;51:320-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kappen TH, Vergouwe Y, van Wolfswinkel L, et al. Impact of adding therapeutic recommendations to risk assessments from a prediction model for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesth 2015;114(2):252-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooij FO, Vos N, Siebenga P, et al. Automated reminders decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting incidence in a general surgical population. Br J Anaesth 2012;108:961-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kooij FO, Klok T, Hollmann MW, Kal JE. Automated reminders increase adherence to guidelines for administration of prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2010;27:187-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kooij FO, Klok T, Hollmann MW, Kal JE. Decision support increases guideline adherence for prescribing postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis. Anesth Analg 2008;106:893-8; table of contents
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair DR, Chung F, Mezei G. Can postoperative nausea and vomiting be predicted? Anesthesiology 1999;91:109-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kranke P, Schnabel A, Eberhart LH, et al. Providing effective implementation of antiemetic strategies: the postoperative nausea and vomiting-free hospital is a laudable and realistic goal. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2011;28:308-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses PONV/PDNV Strategic Work Team. ASPAN’S evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the prevention and/or management of PONV/PDNV. J Perianesth Nurs 2006;21:230-50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Apfelbaum JL, Silverstein JH, Chung FF, et al. Practice guidelines for postanesthetic care: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Postanesthetic Care. Anesthesiology 2013;118:291-307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diemunsch P. Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation. [Conference of experts-short text. Management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. French Society of Anesthesia and Resuscitation]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2008;27(10):866-78
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gómez-Arnau JI, Aguilar JL, Bovaira P, et al. [Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2010;57:508-24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rüsch D, Becke K, Eberhart LHJ, et al. [Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) - recommendations for risk assessment, prophylaxis and therapy - results of an expert panel meeting]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2011;46:158-70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar