703
Views
273
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Evaluation

Paclitaxel in cancer therapy

&
Pages 755-766 | Published online: 25 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • WANT MC, TAYLOR HL, WALL ME et al.: Plant antitumour agents. VI. The isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumour agent from Taxus brevifolia. Jim. Chem. Soc. (1971) 93:2325–2327.
  • ROWINSKY EK, DONEHOWER RC: Paclitaxel (taxol). N Engl. I Med. (1995) 332:1004-1014. Erratum N Engl. Med. (1995) 333(1):75.
  • LAVELLE F, GUERITTE-VOEGELEIN F, GUENARD D: Le taxotere: des aiguilles dif a la clinique. Bull. Cancer (1993) 80:326–338.
  • EISENHAUER EA, VERMORKEN JB: The taxoids. Comparative clinical pharmacology and therapeutic potential. Drugs (1998) 55:5–30.
  • SCHIFF PB, FANT J, HORWITZ SB: Promotion of microtubule assembly M vitro by taxol. Nature (1979) 277:665–667.
  • SCHIFF PB, HORWITZ SB: Taxol stabilizes microtubules in mouse fibroblast cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1980) 77:1561–1565.
  • ROWINSKY EK, CAZENAVE LA, DONEHOWER RC:Taxol: a novel investigational antimicrotubule agent. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1990) 82:1247–1259.
  • CORTES JE, PAZDUR R: Docetaxel. Clin. Oncol. (1995) 13:2643–2655.
  • DUSTIN P: Microtubules. Sci. Am. (1980) 243:66–76.
  • CROSSIN KL, CARNEY DH: Microtubule stabilization by taxol inhibits initiation of DNA synthesis by thrombin and by epidermal growth factor. Cell (1981) 27:341–350.
  • PARNESS J, HORWITZ SB: Taxol binds to polymerized tubulin in vitro. j Cell Biol. (1981) 91:479–487.
  • MANFREDI JJ, PARNESS J, HORWITZ SB: Taxol binds to cellular microtubules. Cell Biol. (1982) 94:688–696.
  • SCHIFF PB, HORWITZ SB: Taxol assembles tubulin in the absence of exogenous guanosine 5'-triphosphate or microtubule-associated proteins. Biochemistry (1981) 20:3247–3252.
  • KUMAR N: Taxol-induced polymerization of purified tubulin. Mechanism of action. I. Biol. Chem. (1981) 256:10435–10441.
  • WILSON L, MILLER HP, FARRELL KW et al.: Taxol stabilization of microtubules in vitra dynamics of tubulin addition and loss at opposite microtubule ends. Biochemistry (1985) 24:5254–5262.
  • HAMEL E, DEL CAMPO AA, LOWE MC et al: Interactions of taxol, microtubule-associated proteins and guanine nucleotides in tubulin polymerization. Biol. Chem. (1981) 256:11887–11894.
  • JORDAN MA, TOSO RJ, THROWER D et al.: Mechanism of mitotic block and inhibition of cell proliferation by taxol at low concentrations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sri. USA (1993) 90:9552–9556.
  • PORUCHYNSKY MS, WANG EE, RUDIN CM et al.:Bc1-xL is phosphorylated in malignant cells following microtubule disruption. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:3331–3338.
  • WANG LG, LIU XM, KREIS Wet al.: Theeffect of antimicrotubule agents on signal transduction pathways of apoptosis: a review. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 91999) 44:355–361.
  • DUMONTET C, SIKIC BI: Mechanisms of action of and resistance to antitubulin agents: microtubule dynamics, drug transport and cell death. I. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 17:1061–1070.
  • BHALLA K, IBRADO AM, TOURKINA E et al.: Taxol induces internucleosomal DNA fragmentation associated with programmed cell death in human myeloid leukaemia cells. Leukaemia (1993) 7:563–568.
  • BURKHART CA, BERMAN JW, SWINDELL CS et al: Relationship between the structure of taxol and other taxanes on induction of tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene expression and cytotoxicity. Cancer Res. (1994) 54:5779–5782.
  • CABRAL F, WIBLE L, BRENNER S et al.: Taxol-requiring mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells with impaired mitotic spindle assembly. Cell Biol. (1983) 97:30–39.
  • DUMONTET C: Mechanisms of action and resistance to tubulin-binding agents. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (2000) 9:779–788.
  • MONZO M, ROSELL R, SANCHEZ JJ et al.: Paclitaxel resistance in nonsmall-cell lung cancer associated with beta-tubulin gene mutations.Oncol. (1999)17:1786-1793. H.HORWITZ SB, COHEN D, RAO S et al.: Taxol: mechanisms of action and resistance. Nati Cancer Inst. Monogr. (1993) 15:55–61.
  • WOODCOCK DM, JEFFERSON S, LINSENMEYER ME et al.: Reversal of the multi-drug resistance phenotype with cremophor EL, a common vehicle for water-insoluble vitamins and drugs. Cancer Res. (1990) 50:4199–4203.
  • WEBSTER L, LINSENMEYER M, MILLWARD M et al.: Measurement of cremophor EL following taxol: plasma levels sufficient to reverse drug exclusion mediated by the multi-drug resistant phenotype. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1993) 85:1685–1690.
  • BLAGOSKLONNY MV, GIANNAKAKOU P, EL-DEIRY WS et al.: Raf-1/bc1-2 phosphorylation: a step from microtubule damage to cell death. Cancer Res. (1997) 57:130–135.
  • HALDAR S, CHINTAPALLI J, CROCE CM: Taxol induces bc1-2 phosphorylation and death of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. (1996) 56:1253–1255.
  • OLTVAI ZN, MILLIMAN CL, KORSMEYER SJ: Bc1-2 heterodimerizes in vivowith a conserved homolog, Box, that accelerates programmed cell death. Cell (1993) 74:609–619.
  • STROBEL T, KRAEFT SK, CHEN LB et al.: BAX expression is associated with enhanced intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel: a novel role for BAX during chemotherapy-induced cell death. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:4776–4781.
  • SCATENA CD, STEWART ZA, MAYS D et al.: Mitotic phosphorylation of Bc1-2 during normal cell cycle progression and Taxol-induced growth arrest. I. Biol. Chem. (1998) 273:30777–30784.
  • MCCLOSKEY DE, KAUFMANN SH, PRESTIGIACOMO LJ et al.: Paclitaxel induces programmed cell death in MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells. Clin. Cancer Res. (1996) 2:847–854.
  • LIU QY, STEIN CA: Taxol and estramustine-induced modulation of human prostate cancer cell apoptosis via alteration in bc1-xL and bak expression. Clin. Cancer Res. (1997) 3:2039–2046.
  • TANG C, WILLINGHAM MC, REED JC et al.: High levels of p26BCL-2 oncoprotein retard taxol-induced apoptosis in human preB leukaemia cells. Leukaemia (1994) 8: 1960-1969.
  • EISENHAUER EA, TEN BOKKEL HUININK WW, SWENERTON KD et al.: European-Canadian randomized trial of paclitaxel in relapsed ovarian cancer: high-dose versus low-dose and long versus short infusion. I Clin. Oncol. (1994) 12:2654–2666.
  • PEEREBOOM DM, DONEHOWER RC, EISENHAUER EA et al: Successful retreatment with taxol after major hypersensitivity reactions. I. Clin. Oncol. (1993) 11:885–890.
  • ROWINSKY EK, EISENHAUER EA, CHAUDHRY V et al: Clinical toxicities encountered with paclitaxel (Taxol). Semin. Oncol. (1993) 20:1–15.
  • HUIZING MT, KEUNG ACE ROSING H. et al.: Pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and metaboiltes in a randomized comparative study in platinum-pretreated ovarian cancer patients. Clin. Oncol. (1993) 11:2127–2135.
  • ROWINSKY EK, CHAUDHRY V, CORNBLATH DR et al.: Neurotoxicity of Taxol. J. Nati Cancer Inst. Monogr. (1993) 15:107–115.
  • CHAUDHRY V, ROWINSKY EK, SARTORIUS SE et al.: Peripheral neuropathy from taxol and cisplatin combination chemotherapy: clinical and electrophysiological studies. Ann. Neurol. (1994) 35:304–311.
  • GELMON K, EISENHAUER E, BRYCE C et al.: Randomized Phase II study of high-dose paclitaxel with or without amifostine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Oncol. (1999) 17:3038–3047.
  • CAPRI G, MUNZONE E, TARENZI E et al.: Optic nerve disturbances: a new form of paclitaxel neurotmdcity. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1994) 86:1099–1101.
  • HOFSTRA LS, DE VRIES EG, WILLEMSE PH: Ophthalmic toxicity following paclitaxel infusion. Ann. Oncol. (1997) 8:1053.
  • MARTONI A, ZAMAGNI C, GHEKA A et al.: Antihistamines in the treatment of taxol-induced paroxystic pain syndrome. I Nati Cancer Inst. (1993) 85:676.
  • ROWINSKY EK, MCGUIRE WP, GUARNIERI T et al.: Cardiac disturbances during the administration of taxol. Oncol. (1991) 9:1704–1712.
  • ARBUCK SG, STRAUSS H, ROWINSKY E et al.: A reassessment of cardiac toxicity associated with Taxol. I. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. (1993) 15:117–130.
  • MARKMAN M, KENNEDY A, WEBSTER K et al.: Paclitaxel administration to gynecologic cancer patients with major cardiac risk factors. Clin. Oncol. (1998) 16:3483–3485.
  • GIANNI L, VIGANO L, LOCATELLI Aet al.: Human pharmacokinetic characterization and in vitro study of the interaction between doxorubicin and paclitaxel in patients with breast cancer." Clin. Oncol. (1997) 15:1906–1915.
  • GIANNI L, MUNZONE E, CAPRI G et al.: Paclitaxel by 3-hour infusion in combination with bolus doxorubicin in women with untreated metastatic breast cancer: high antitumour efficacy and cardiac effects in a dose-finding and sequence-finding study. I Gin. Oncol. (1995) 13:2688–2699.
  • CONTE PF, BALDINI E, GENNARI Aet al.: Dose-finding study and pharmacokinetics of epirubicin and paclitaxel over 3 h: a regimen with high activity and low cardiotoxicity in advanced breast cancer. I Gin. Oncol. (1997) 15:2510–2517.
  • SPARANO JA, SPEYER J, GRADISHAR WJ et al.: Phase I trial of escalating doses of paclitaxel plus doxorubicin and dexrazoxane in patients with advanced breast cancer." Clin. Oncol. (1999) 17:880–886.
  • DELLA TORRE P, IMONDI AR, BERNARDI C et al: Cardioprotection by dexrazoxane in rats treated with doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Cancer Chemother: Pharmacol. (1999) 44:138–142.
  • SLAMON DJ, LEYLAND-JONES B, SHAK S et al.: Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HERZ for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HERZ. N Engl. J. Med. (2001) 344:783–792.
  • •Randomised study that showed the benefit of the addition of trastuzumab to first-line chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.
  • VON HOFF DD, LAYARD MW, BASA P et al.: Risk factors for doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure. Ann. Intern. Med. (1979) 91:710–717.
  • Polychemotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Lancet (1998) 352:930–942.
  • •Meta-analysis that involved - 18,000 patients in 47 randomised trials, conducted by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group, showing the benefit of adjuvant polychemotherapy in early breast cancer.
  • FISHER B, REDMOND C, LEGAULT-POISSON S et al.: Postoperative chemotherapy and tamoxifen compared with tamoxifen alone in the treatment of positive-node breast cancer patients aged 50 years and older with tumours responsive to tamoxifen: results from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Clin. Oncol (1990) 8:1005–1018.
  • Effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy incombination with tamoxifen for node-positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients. International Breast Cancer Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol (1997) 15:1385–1394.
  • CRIVELLARI D, BONETTI M, CASTIGLIONE-GERTSCH M et al.: Burdens and benefits of adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil and tamoxifen for elderly patients with breast cancer: the International Breast Cancer Study Group Trial VII. J. Clin. Oncol. (2000) 18:1412–1422.
  • FISHER B, DIGNAM J, WOLMARK N et al.: Tamoxifen and chemotherapy for lymph node-negative, oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. " Natl. Cancer Inst. (1997) 89:1673–1682.
  • HENDERSON IC BD, DEMETRI G et al.: Improved disease-free and overall survival from the addition of sequential paclitaxel but not from the esca;ation of doxorubicin dose level in the adjuvant chemotherapy of patients with node-positive primary breast cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol (1998) 17:101a.
  • Adjuvant Therapy for Breast cancer. NIH Consensus State Online 2000. 17:1–23.
  • D C: Do women with 4 or more involvedaxellary lymph nodes need Taxol or just more adjuvant chemotherapy? Breast Cancer Res. Treat. (2000) 64.
  • GEELS P, EISENHAUER E, BEZJAK A et al.: Palliative effect of chemotherapy: objective tumour response is associated with symptom improvement in patients with metastatic breast cancer. I Clin. Oncol. (2000) 18:2395–2405.
  • SLEDGE GW, NEUBERG D, INGLE J et al.: Phase III trial of doxorubicin (A) versus paclitaxel + paclitaxel (A + T) as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer: an intergroup trial. Proc. Am. Soc. OM. Oncol (1997) 16:2
  • NORRIS B, PRITCHARD KI, JAMES K et al.: Phase III comparative study of vinorelbine combined with doxorubicin versus doxorubicin alone in disseminated metastatic/recurrent breast cancer: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study MA8. I Clin. Oncol (2000) 18:2385–2394.
  • FOSSATI R, CONFALONIERI C, TORRI V et al: Cytotoxic and hormonal treatment for metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review of published randomized trials involving 31,510 women. J. Clin. Oncol (1998) 16:3439–3460.
  • COSTANZA ME, WEISS RB, HENDERSON IC et al.: Safety and efficacy of using a single agent or a Phase II agent before instituting standard combination chemotherapy in previously untreated metastatic breast cancer patients: report of a randomized study. Cancer and Leukaemia Group B 8642.1 Clin. Oncol. (1999) 17:1397–1406.
  • PEREZ E: Paclitaxel in breast cancer. Oncologist (1998) 3:373–389.
  • VALERO V: Docetaxel as single-agent therapy in metastatic breast cancer: clinical efficacy. Semin. Oncol (1997) 24:S13–11–513–18.
  • SEIDMAN AD, HOCHHAUSER D, GOLLUB M et al.: Ninety-six-hour paclitaxel infusion after progression during short taxane exposure: a Phase II pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study in metastatic breast cancer." Clin. Oncol (19960 14:1877–1884.
  • MCGUIRE WP, ROWINSKY EK, ROSENSHEIN NB et al.: Taxol: a unique antineoplastic agent with significant activity in advanced ovarian epithelial neoplasms. Ann. Intern. Med. (1989) 111:273–279.
  • EINZIG Al, WIERNIK PH, SASLOFF J et al.: Phase II study and long-term follow-up of patients treated with taxol for advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma. I Clin. Oncol (1992) 10:1748–1753.
  • THIGPEN JT, BLESSING JA, BALL H et al.: Phase II trial of paclitaxel in patients with progressive ovarian carcinoma after platinum-based chemotherapy: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. I Clin. Oncol (1994) 12:1748–1753.
  • KOHN EC, SAROSY G, BICHER A et al: Dose-intense taxol: high response rate in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. I Nati Cancer Inst. (1994) 86:18–24.
  • OZOLS RF: Update of the NCCN ovariancancer practice guidelines. Oncology (Huntington) (1997) 11:95–105.
  • MCGUIRE WP, HOSKINS WJ, BRADY MF et al.: Cyclophosphamide and cisplatin compared with paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with stage III and stage IV ovarian cancer. N Engl. J. Med. (1996) 334:1–6.
  • •Randomised GOG study that showed that the incorporation of paclitaxel into first-line therapy improves progression-free and overall survival in women with incompletely resected stage III or IV ovarian cancer.
  • PICCART MJ, BERTELSEN K, JAMES K et al.: Randomized intergroup trial of cisplatin-paclitaxel versus cisplatin-cyclophosphamide in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: three-year results. J. Nati Cancer Inst. (2000) 92:699–708.
  • •A confirmatory randomised study conducted by a group of European and Canadian investigators establishing paclitaxel-cisplatin combination as a new standard of care for patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
  • MUGGIA FM, BRALY PS, BRADY MF et al.: Phase III randomized study of cisplatin versus paclitaxel versus cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with suboptimal stage III or IV ovarian cancer: a gynecologic oncology group study. I Clin. Oncol (2000) 18:106–115.
  • BEREK JS, BERTELSEN K, DU BOIS A et al.: Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: 1998 consensus statements. Ann. Oncol (1999) 10\(Suppl. 1):87–92.
  • HANNIGAN EV, GREEN S, ALBERTS DS et al.: Results of a Southwest Oncology Group Phase III trial of carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide versus cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide in advanced ovarian cancer. Oncology (1993) 50\(Suppl. 2):2–9.
  • AABO K, ADAMS M, ADNITT P et al: Chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: four systematic meta-analyses of individual patient data from 37 randomized trials. Advanced Ovarian Cancer Trialists' Group. Br. J. Cancer(1998) 78:1479–1487.
  • ADVANCED OVARIAN CANCER TRIALISTS GROUP: Chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: an overview of randomised clinical trials. Br. Med..! (1991) 303:884–893.
  • BOOKMAN MA, MCGUIRE WP, KILPATRICK D et al.: Carboplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian carcinoma: a Phase I study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Clin. Oncol (1996) 14:1895–1902.
  • HUIZING MT, VAN WARMERDAM LJ, ROSING H et al: Phase land pharmacologic study of the combination paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy in stage III and IV ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (1997) 15:1953–1964.
  • NEIJT JP, HANSEN M, HANSEN SW et al.: Randomized Phase III study in previously untreated epithelial ovarian cancer FIGO stage JIB, TIC, III, IV, comparing paclitaxel-cisplatin and paclitaxel-carboplatin. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (1997) 16:352a.
  • DU BOIS A, LUECK HJ, METER Wet al.: Cisplatin/paclitaxel versus carboplatin/ paclitaxel in ovarian cancer: update of an Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie (AGO) Study group trial. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 18:356a.
  • NEIJT JP, ENGELHOLM SA, WITTEVEEN PO et al: Paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 over 3 h) with cisplatin or carboplatin in previously untreated ovarian cancer: an interim analysis. Semin. Oncol. (1997) 24:S15-36-S15–39.
  • NEIJT JP, DU BOIS A: Paclitaxel/ carboplatin for the initial treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Semin. Oncol. (1999) 26:78–83.
  • OZOLS RF: Paclitaxel plus carboplatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Semin. Oncol. (1999) 26:84–89.
  • OZOLS RF BB, FOWLER J et al: Randomized Phase III study of cisplatin (CIS)/paclitaxel (PAC) versus carboplatin (CARBO)/PAC in optimal stage III epithelial ovarian cancer (OC): a Gynecologic Oncology Group trial (GOG 158). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 18:356a.
  • SMITH RE, THORNTON DE, ALLEN J: A Phase II trial of paclitaxel in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with correlative laboratory studies. Semin. Oncol. (1995) 22:41–46.
  • GEBBIA V, TESTA A, CANNATA Get al.: Single agent paclitaxel in advanced squamous cell head and neck carcinoma. Eur. J. Cancer(1996) 32A:901–902.
  • FORASTIERE AA, SHANK D, NEUBERG D et al.: Final report of a Phase II evaluation of paclitaxel in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: an Eastern cooperative Oncology Group trial (PA390). Cancer (1998) 82:2270–2274.
  • FRASCI G, COMELLA P, PARZIALE A et al.: Cisplatin-paclitaxel weekly schedule in advanced solid tumours: a Phase I study. Ann. Oncol. (1997) 8:291–293.
  • LICITRA L, CAPRI G, FULFARO F et al.: Biweekly paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma. A Phase II trial. Ann. Oncol. (1997) 8:1157–1158.
  • BENASSO M, NUMICO G, ROSSO R et al.: Chemotherapy for relapsed head and neck cancer: paclitaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in chemotherapy-naive patients. A dose-finding study. Semin. Oncol. (1997) 24:S19-46-S19–50.
  • FOUNTZILAS G, SKARLOS D, ATHANASSIADES A et al.: Paclitaxel by three-hour infusion and carboplatin in advanced carcinoma of nasopharynx and other sites of the head and neck. A Phase II study conducted by the Hellenic cooperative Oncology Group. Ann. Oncol. (1997) 8:451–455.
  • FOUNTZILAS G, STATHOPOULOS G, NICOLAIDES C et al.: Paclitaxel and gemcitabine in advanced non-nasopharyngeal head and neck cancer: a Phase II study conducted by the Hellenic cooperative Oncology Group. Ann. Oncol. (1999) 10:475–478.
  • MARINO P, PAMPALLONA S, PREATONI A et al.: Chemotherapy versus supportive care in advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Results of a meta-analysis of the literature. Chest (1994) 106:861–865.
  • Chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis using updated data on individual patients from 52 randomised clinical trials. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group. Br. Med. J. (1995) 311:899–909.
  • •Meta-analysis involving 9387 patients showing the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced lung cancer.
  • MURPHY WK, FOSSELLA FV, WINN RI et al.: Phase II study of taxol in patients with untreated advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1993) 85:384–388.
  • FOSSELLA FV, LEE JS, BERILLE J et al.: Summary of Phase II data of docetaxel (Taxotere), an active agent in the first- and second-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Semin. Oncol. (1995) 22:22–29.
  • BONOMI P, KIM K, FAIRCLOUGH D et al.: Comparison of survival and quality of life in advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer patients treated with two dose levels of paclitaxel combined with cisplatin versus etoposide with cisplatin: results of an Eastern co-operative Oncology Group trial. J. Clin. Oncol. (2000) 18:623–631.
  • SCHILLER JH HD, BELANI EP, LANGER C, SANDLER A, KROOK J, ZHU J et al.: Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer. N Engl. J Med. (2002) 346:92–98.
  • •A large randomised trial showing no difference between four commonly-used chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.