Rivastigmine in vascular dementia

Bibliography

• CHUI HC: Dementia. A review emphasizing clinicopathologic correlation and brain—behaviour relationships. iArch. Neural. i (1989) 46:806–814.
   Google Scholar
• SKOOG I, NILSSON L, PALMERTZ B iet al.: i A population-based study of dementia in 85-year olds. iN Engl. J. Med. i (1993) 328:153–158.
   Google Scholar
• ROCCA WA, HOFMAN A, BRAYNE C iet al.: i The prevalence of vascular dementia in Europe: facts and fragments from 1980–1990 studies. EURODEM-Prevalence Research Group. iAnn. Neural. i (1991) 30:817–824.
   Google Scholar
• ROMAN GC, TATEMICHI TK, ERKINJUNTTI T iet al: i Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for researchstudies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. iNeurology i (1993) 43:250–260.
   Google Scholar
• WETTERLING T, KANITZ RD, BORGIS KJ: The ICD-10 criteria for vascular dementia. iDementia i (1994) 5:185–188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ERKINJUNTTI T: Vascular dementia: challenge of clinical diagnosis. iInt. Psychogeriatr. i (1997) 9:77–83.
   Google Scholar
• PANTONI L, ROSSI R, INZITARI D iet al.: i Efficacy and safety of nimodipine in subcortical vascular dementia: a subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Multi-Infarct Dementia Trial../. iNeurol Sci. i (2000) 175:124–134.
   Google Scholar
• ROMAN GC, ERKINJUNTTI T, WALLIN A, PANTONI L, CHUI HC: Subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia. Lancet Neurol (2002) 1(7):426–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••A systematic review on subcortical VaD.
   Google Scholar
• ERKINJUNTTI T, INZITARI D, PANTONI L iet al.: i Limitations of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of vascular dementia in clinical trials. Is a focus on subcortical vascular dementia a solution? iAnn. NY Acad. Sci. i (2000) 903:262–272.
   Google Scholar
• •A focus on subcortical VaD: clinical and diagnosis problems.
   Google Scholar
• CUMMINGS JL: Fronto-subcortical circuits and human behaviour. iArch. Neurol i (1993) 50:873–880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •A systematic review of the anatomy of the frontal and prefrontal areas and their functional interest.
   Google Scholar
• MCPHERSON SE, CUMMINGS JL: Neurospychological aspects of vascular dementia. iBrain Cogn. i (1996) 31:261–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOOI JCL, SACHDEV PS: Differentiation of vascular dementia from AD on neuropsychological tests. iNeurology i (1999) 53:670–678.
   Google Scholar
• •• The first study which systematically reviews the subtle differences between VaD and AD.
   Google Scholar
• CHUI H: Dementia associated with subcortical ischemic vascular disease. American Academy, Philadelphia, USA (2001) 2FC.005–89–107.
   Google Scholar
• MEYER JS, ROGERS RL, MCCLINTIC K iet al.: i Randomized clinical trial of daily aspirin in multi-infarct dementia. A pilot study. iJ. Am. Ceriatr. Soc. i (1989) 37:549–555.
   Google Scholar
• LOPEZ-ARRIETA JM, BIRKS J: Nimodipine for primary degenerative, mixed and vascular dementia. iCochrane Database Syst. Rev i (2002) 3:CD000147.
   Google Scholar
• PANTONI L, ROSSI R, INZITARI D iet al.: i Efficacy and safety of nimodipine in subcortical vascular dementia: a subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Multi-Infarct Dementia Trial. J. iNeurol Sci i (2000) 175:124–134.
   Google Scholar
• EUROPEAN PENTOXIFYLLINE MULTI-INFARCT Dementia (EPMID) Study Group: European pentoxifylline multi-infarct dementia. iEur. Neurol i (1996) 36:315–321.
   Google Scholar
• FRAMPTON M, HARVEY RJ, KIRCHNER V: Propentofylline for dementia (Cochrane Review). In: iThe Cochrane Library Issue 2. i Oxford Update Software (2003).
   Google Scholar
• SACHDEV PS, BRODATY H, LOOI JC: Vascular dementia: diagnosis, management and possible prevention. iMed. j Aust. i (1999) 170:81–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ERKINJUNTTI T, LILIENFELD S: Galantamine shows efficacy in patients with Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease or probable vascular dementia. Poster presented at the i5.7d Annual Meeting i of the American Academy of Neurology Philadelphia, PA, USA, May (2001).
   Google Scholar
• ERKINJUNTTI T, KURZ A, GAUTHIER S iet al.: i Efficacy of galantamine in probable vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease combined with cerebrovascular disease: a randomised trial. iLancet i (2002) 359:1283–1290.
   Google Scholar
• SAITO H, TOGASHI H, YOSHIAKA M iet al.: i Animal models of vascular dementia with emphasis on stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. iClin. Exp. Pharmacol Physiol i (1995) 22:S257–S259.
   Google Scholar
• TOGASHI H, MATSUMOTO M, YOSHIOKA M iet al.: i Neurochemical profiles in cerebrospinal fluid of stroke- prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. iBehav Lett. i (1994) 166:117–120.
   Google Scholar
• KIMURA S, SAITO H, MINAMI M iet al.: iPathogenesis of vascular dementia in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. iToxicology i (2000) 153:167–187.
   Google Scholar
• TOGASHI H, KIMURA S, MATSUMOTO M iet i al.: Cholinergic changes in the hippocampus of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. iStroke i (1996) 27:520–526.
   Google Scholar
• SCREMIN OU, LI MG, SCREMIN AM, JENDEN DJ: Cholinesterase inhibition improves blood flow in the ischemic cerebral cortex. iBrant Res. Bull. i (1997) 42:59–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOTTFRIES CG, BLENNOW K, KARLSSON I, WALLIN A: The neurochemistry of vascular dementia. iDementia i (1994) 5:163–167.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WALLIN A, BLENNOW K, GOTTFRIES CG: Neurochemical abnormalities in vascular dementia. iDementia i (1989) 1:120–130.
   Google Scholar
• TOHGI H, ABET, KIMURA M iet al: i Cerebrospinal fluid acetylcholine and choline in vascular dementia of Binswanger and multiple small infarct types as compared with Alzheimer type dementia. iNemo] Transm. i (1996) 103:1211–220.
   Google Scholar
• VASQUEZ J, PURVE MJ: The cholinergic pathway to cerebral blood vessels. I. Morphological studies. iPflugers Arch. i (1979) 379:157–163.
   Google Scholar
• VANHOUTTE PM: Endothelium and control of vascular function. State of the art. iHypertension i (1989) 13:658–667.
   Google Scholar
• SAKURADA T, ALUFUZOFF I, WINBLAD B, NORDBERG A: Substance P like immunoreactivity, choline acetyltransferase activity and cholinergic muscarinic receptors in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. iBrant Res. i (1990) 521(1-2):329–332.
   Google Scholar
• SZILAGY AK, NEMETH A, MARTINI E, LEND VAI B, VENTER V: Serum and CSF cholinesterase activity in various kind of dementia. iEur: Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci. i (1987) 236: 309–311.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MESULAM MM: the cholinergic innervation of the human cerebral cortex. iPing. Brant Res. i (2004) 145:67–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POLINSKY RJ: Clinical pharmacology of rivastigmine: a new generation acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. iClin. The]: i (1998) 20:634–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •The first study on clinical pharmacology of rivastigmine.
   Google Scholar
• ANAND R, GHARABAWI G: Clinical development of Exelon'" (ENA 713): the ADENA programme. I iDrug Dev. Clin. Pract. i (1996) 8:9–14.
   Google Scholar
• ENZ A, MEIER D, SPIEGEL R: Effects of novel cholinesterase inhibitors based on the mechanism of enzyme inhibition. In: Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic strategies. Giacobini E, Becker R (Eds), Birkhauser, Boston, USA (1990125–130.
   Google Scholar
• Novartis Pharma AG: Exelon'"(rivastigmine tartrate) European Summary of Product Characteristics. Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. January 29 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• GROSSBERG GT: Cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: getting on and staying on. iCarr: Therapeutic Research i (2003) 4:216–235.
   Google Scholar
• ••A systematic review on the threeChE inhibitors.
   Google Scholar
• NORDBERG A, SVENSSON AL: Cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a comparison of tolerability and pharmacology. iDrug Sal i (1998) 19:465–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLACKARD WG JR, SOOD GK, CROWE DR, FALLON MB: Tacrine. A cause of fatal hepatotoxicity? iClin. Castroenterol i (1998) 26:57–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARNES CA, MELTZER J, HOUSTON F iet al.: i Chronic treatment of old rats with donepezil or galantamine: Effects on memory, hippocampal plasticity and nicotinic receptors. iNeuroscience i (2000) 99:17–23.
   Google Scholar
• BRYSON HM, BENFIELD P: Donepezil. iDrugs Aging i (1997) 10:234-239; Discussion 240–241.
   Google Scholar
• PARNETTI L, AMICI S, LANARI A iet al.: iCerebrospinal fluid levels of biomarkers and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and butyryl cholinesterase in AD patients before and after treatment with different AchE inhibitors. iNeural Sci. i (2002) 23 (Suppl. 2):595–596.
   Google Scholar
• DARREH-SHORI T, ALMKVIST 0, GUAN iZZ et al.: i Sustained cholinesterase inhibition in AD patients receiving rivastigmine for 12 months. iNeurology i (2002) 59:563–572.
   Google Scholar
• VVEINSTOCK M: Selectivity of cholinesterase inhibition.\ iCNS Drugs i (1999) 12:307–323.
   Google Scholar
• SAMOCHOCKI M, ZERLIN M, JOSTOCK R iet al.: i Galantamine is an allosterically potentiating ligand of the human alpha4-beta2 nAChR. iActa. Neural. Scand. Sapp]. i (2000) 176:68–73.
   Google Scholar
• GIACOBINI E: Selective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase: a valid alternative for therapy of Alzheimer's disease? iDrugs Aging i (2001) 18:891–898.
   Google Scholar
• PERRY EK, PERRY RH, BLESSED G, TOMLINSON BE: Changes in brain cholinesterases in senile dementia of Alzheimer type. iNeuropathol Appl. Neurobiol i (1978) 4:273–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MESULAM M, GUILLOZET A, SHAW P, QUINN B: Widely spread butyrylcholinesteras can hydrolyze acetylcholine in the normal and Alzheimer brain. iNeurobiol Dis. i (2002) 9:88–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••The potential effects of BChE in AD.
   Google Scholar
• ARENDT T, BRUCKNER MK, LANGE M, BIGL V: Changes in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in Alzheimer's disease resemble embryonic developmenta study of molecular forms. iNeurachem. Int. i (1992) 21:381–396.
   Google Scholar
• GIACOBINI E, SPIEGEL R, ENZ A iet al.: iInhibition of acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease by rivastigmine: correlation with cognitive benefit. j. iNeural. Transm. i (2002) 109:1053–1065.
   Google Scholar
• BARNER EL, GRAY SL: Donepezil use in Alzheimer's disease. iAnn. Pharmacother. i (1998) 32:70–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRATT RD, PERDOMO CA, and the 308 STUDY GROUP: Patient populations in clinical trials of the efficacy and tolerability of donepezil in patients with dementia and cerebrovascular disease ('vascular dementia). Poster presented at the Second International Congress on Vascular iDementia, i Salzburg, Austria. January 24–27 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• PRATT RD, PERDOMO CA, and the DONEPEZIL VAD 307 and 308 STUDY GROUPS: Donepezil treated patients with probable vascular dementia demonstrate cognitive benefits. iAnn. NY Acad. Sci. i (2002) 977:513–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POIRIER J: Evidence that clinical effects of cholinesterase inhibitors are related to potency and targeting of action. iInt. .1. Clint: Piaci Sapp]. i (2002) 127:6–19.
   Google Scholar
• ENZ A, AMSTUTZ R, BODDEKE H iet al.: i Brain selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase: a novel approach to therapy for Alzheimer's disease. In: iProgress in Thalia Research (Vol. 98). i Cuello AC (Ed.), Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1993):431–438.
   Google Scholar
• WILKINSON DG, PASSMORE P, SMITH R iet al.: i Comparison of the tolerability, ease of use and efficacy of donepezil and rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease patients: A 12-week multinational study. Presented at the i5gd Annual Meeting i of the American Academy of Neurology Philadelphia, PA, USA. March 29 - April 5(2001).
   Google Scholar
• READING PJ, LUCE AK, MCKEITH IG: Rivastigmine in the treatment of parkinsonian psychosis and cognitive impairment: preliminary findings from an open trial. iMov. Disord. i (2001) 16:1171–1174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCKEITH I, DEL SER T, SPANO F iet al.: i Efficacy of rivastigmine in dementia with Lewy bodies: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled international study. iLancet i (2000) 356:2031–2036.
   Google Scholar
• VAN LAAR T, VRIES J, LEENDERS K: Rivastigmine is effective and safe as anti-psychotic treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease. Presented at the IP International Congress on Parkinson's idisease, i Helsinki, Finland. November 10–14 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• WEISER M, ROTMENSCH HH, KORCZYN AD iet al.: i A pilot, randomized, open-label trial assessing safety and pharmacokinetic parameters of coadministration of rivastigmine with risperidone in dementia patients with ehavioural disturbances. iInt. Ceriam Psychiatry (2002) i 17:343–346.
   Google Scholar
• GROSSBERG G, GAPSAR M, TOUCHON S iet al.: i Rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease: efficacy over 2 years compared with historical controls. iInt. Psychogeriatr i (2001) 13\(Suppl. 2):237 (Abstract P–238).
   Google Scholar
• ROSLER M, RETZ W, RETZ-JUNGINGER P, DENNLER HJ: Effects of two-year treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine on behavioural symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. iBehav Neurol i (1998) 11(4):211–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••A protracted (24 months) study regarding the behavioural effects of rivastigmine.
   Google Scholar
• AURIACOMBE S, PERE JJ, LORIA-KANZA Y, VELLAS B: Efficacy and safety of rivastigmine in patients with Alzheimer's disease who failed to benefit from treatment with donepezil. iCarr. Med. Res. Op. i (2002) 18(3):129–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BULLOCK R: Cholinesterase inhibitors and vascular dementia: another string to their bow? iCNS Drugs i (2004) 18(2):79–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MALOUF R, BIRKS J: Donepezil for vascular cognitive impairment (Cochrane Review). In: iThe Cochrane Library, i iIssue I. i John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2004)
   Google Scholar
• KURZ AF, ERKINJUNTTI T, SMALL GW, LILIENFELD S, DAMARAJU CR: Long-term safety and cognitive effects of galantamine in the treatment of probable vascular dementia or Alzheimer's disease with cerebrovascular disease. iEurj Neurol i (2003) 10(6):633–640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ERKINJUNTTI T, ROMAN G, GAUTHIER S, FELDMAN H, ROCKWOOD K: Emerging therapies for vascular dementia and vascular cognitive impairment. iStroke i (2004) 35(4):1010–1017. Epub 2004 Mar 04.
   Google Scholar
• OKAMOTO K, TANAKA M, KONDO S: treatmetn of vascular dementia. iAnn. i NY iAcad. Sci i (2002) 977:507–512.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VENNERI A, SHANKS ME STAFF RT iet al: i Cerebral blood flow and cognitive responses to rivastigmine treatment in Alzheimer's disease. iNeuroreport i (2002) 13:83–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NORDBERG A, STEFANOVA E, ALMKVIST 0, NILSSON A, WALL A, LANGSTROM B: Improved cortical glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients treated with rivastigmine for 1 year. iNeurol Sci. i (2001)187\(Suppl. 1):P0142.
   Google Scholar
• ALMKVIST 0, DARREH-SHORI T, SPIEGEL R, NORDBERG A: Improved cognition and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition in AD patients receiving rivastigmine for 1 year: differential effects across time. iNeurol Sci i (2001) 187\(Suppl. 1):P0143.
   Google Scholar
• NORDBERG A, DARREH-SHORI T, SVENSSON A, GUAN Z: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities in CSF of mild AD patients following12 months of rivastigmine treatment. iNeural Sci. i (2001) 187\(Suppl. 1):P0144.
   Google Scholar
• ROMBOUTS SA, BARKHOF F, VAN MEEL CS, SCHELTENS P: Alterations in brain activation during cholinergic enhancement with rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease. i.1. Neural Neurasurg. Psychiatry i (2002) 73(6):665–671.
   Google Scholar
• ••The first f-MRI study concerning braincortical specific activation during rivastigmine therapy.
   Google Scholar
• AMENTA F, DI TULLIO MA, TOMASSONI D: The cholinergic approach for the treatment of vascular dementia: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies. iClio. Exp. Hypertens. i (2002) 24(7-8):697–713.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORETTI R, TORRE P, ANTONELLO RM, CAZZATO G: Rivastigmine in subcortical vascular dementia: a comparison trial on efficacy and tolerability for 12 months follow up. iEur. Neural i (2001) 8:361–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORETTI R, TORRE P, ANTONELLO RM, CAZZATO G, BAVA A: Rivastigmine in subcortical vascular dementia: an open 22-month study. I iNeural. Sci. i (2002) 203–204:141–146.
   Google Scholar
• MORETTI R, TORRE P, ANTONELLO RM, CAZZATO G, GRIGGIO S, BAVA A: An open-label pilot study comparing rivastigmine and low-dose aspirin for the treatment of symptoms specific to patients with subcortical vascular dementia. iCurr. Ther: Res. i (2002) 63:443–458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CUMMINGS J, ANAND R, KOUMARAS B, HARTMAN B: Behavioral benefits in Alzheimer's disease patients residing in a nursing home following 52 weeks of treatment with rivastigmine. Poster presented at the American Psychageriamic Association (APA), New Orleans, USA (2001).
   Google Scholar
• MACLEAN LE, COLLINS CC, BYRNE EJ: Dementia with Lewy bodies treated with rivastigmine: effects on cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and sleep. iInt. Psychageriam i (2001) 13(3):277–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRACE J, DANIEL S, STEVENS T iet al.: iLong-term use of rivastigmine in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies: an open-label trial. iInt. Psychageriatr. i (2001) 13(2):199–205.
   Google Scholar
• SAMUEL W, CALIGIURI M, GALASKO DR iet al.: i Better cognitive and psychopathologic response to donepezil in patients prospectively diagnosed as dementia with Lewy bodies: a preliminary study. iInt. J. Geriam. Psychiatry i (2000) 15:794–802.
   Google Scholar
• QUERFURTH HW, ALLAM GJ, GEFFROY MA, SCHIFF HB, KAPLAN RF: Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in dementia with Lewy bodies: results of a prospective pilot trial. iDement. Geriatr. Coo. Disard. i (2000) 11:314–321.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORETTI R, TORRE P, ANTONELLO RM, CAZZATO G, BAVA A: Rivastigmine in subcortical vascular dementia: a randomized, controlled, open 12-month study in 208 patients. iAm. I Alzh. Dis. 0th. Demen. i (2003) 18(5):265–272.
   Google Scholar
• MORETTI R, TORRE P, ANTONELLO RM, BAVA A, CAZZATO G: Rivastigmine superior to aspirin plus nimodipine in subcortical vascular dementia: an open, 16-month comparative study. iInt. J. Clio. Piaci i (2004) (In Press).
   Google Scholar
• VINCENT S, LANE R: Rivastigmine in vascular dementia. iIntern. Psychageriamics i(2003) 15:5189.
   Google Scholar
• SPIEGEL R: Rivastigmine: a review of its clinical effectiveness. iRey Neural. i (2002) 35(9):859–869. Affiliation Rita Moretti MDt1,2, Paola Torre MD 2, Rodolfo M Antonello MD 2, Giuseppe Cazzato MD 2 & Antonio Bava MD1 tAuthor for correspondence tIstituto di Clinica Neurologica dell'Università degli Studi di Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, 34149 Trieste, Italy Tel: +39 40 3994321; Fax: +39 40 910861; E-mail: [email protected]
   Google Scholar