Bibliography
- GUREJE O, VON KORFF M, SIMON GE, GATER R: Persistent pain and well-being: a World Health Organization Study in primary care. JAMA (1998) 280:147-151.
- PAVELKA K: Treatment of pain in osteoarthritis. Eur. J. Pain (2000) 4(Suppl. A):23-30.
- ACR Guidelines. Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update. American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Osteoarthritis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum. (2000) 43:1905-1915.
- APS Guidelines. American Pain Society guideline for treatment of arthritis pain. J. Pain Palliat. Care Pharmacother. (2002) 16:130-132.
- JORDAN KM, ARDEN NK, DOHERTY M et al.: EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: Report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Includine Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT). Ann. Rheum. Dis. (2003) 62:1145-1155.
- ROTH SH: Efficacy and safety of tramadol HCl in breakthrough musculoskeletal pain attributed to osteoarthritis. J. Rhematol. (1998) 25:1358-1363.
- BAMIGBADE TA, LANGFORD RM: The clinical use of tramadol hydrochloride. Pain Reviews (1998) 5:155-182.
- GROND S, SABLOTZKY A: Clinical pharmacology of tramadol. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (2004) 43(13):879-923.
- BABUL N, NOVECK R, CHIPMAN H, ROTH SH, GANA T, ALBERT K: Efficacy and safety of extended-release, once-daily tramadol in chronic pain: a randomized 12-week clinical trial in osteoarthritis of the knee. J. Pain Symptom Manage. (2004) 28(1):59-71.
- RICHTER A, ANTON SE, KOCH P, DENNETT SL: The impact of reducing dose frequency on health outcomes. Clin. Ther. (2003) 25:2307-2335.
- THURAUF N, FLEISCHER WK, LIEFHOLD J, SCHMID O, KOBAL G: Dose dependent time course of the analgesic effect of a sustained-release tramadol on experimental phasic and tonic pain. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1996) 41(2):115-123.
- CLAXON AJ, CRAMER J, PIERCE C: A systematic review of the associations between dose regimens and medication compliance. Clin. Ther. (2001) 23:1296-1310.
- KLOTZ U: Tramadol- the impact of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties on the clinical management of pain. Anzneimittelforschung (2003) 53:681-687.
- MALONNE H, SONET B, STREEL B et al.: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a new oral sustained release dosage form of tramadol. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2003) 57(3):270-278.
- SCOTT LJ, PERRY CM: Tramadol: a review of its use in periopera-tive pain. Drugs (2000) 60(1):139-176.
- HUMMEL T, ROSCHER S, PAULI E et al.: Assessment of analgesia in man: tramadol controlled release formula versus tramadol standard formulation. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1996) 51(1):31-38.
- HOGAN JE: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose sustained release technology. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. (1989) 15(27):975-999.
- TIWARI SB, MURTHY TK, PAI MR, METHA PR, CHOWDARY PB: Controlled release formulation of tramadol hydrochloride using hydro-philic and hydrophobic matrix system. AAPS PharmSciTech (2003) 4(3):Article 31.
- DESMEULES JA, PIGUET V, COLLART L, DAYER R: Contribution of monoaminergic modulation to the analgesic effect of tramadol. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1996) 41:7-12.
- RAFFA RB, FRIDERICHS E, REIMANN W et al.: Complementary and synergistic antinociceptive interaction between the enantiomers of tramadol. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1993) 267:331-340.
- RAFFA RB, FRIDERICHS E, REIMANN W et al.: Opioid and non-opioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an ‘atypical’ opioid analgesic. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1992) 260(1):275-285.
- DE WITTE JL, SCHOENMAEKERS B, SESSLER DI et al.: The analgesic efficacy of tramadol is impaired by concurrent administration of ondansetron. Anesth. Analg. (2001) 92(5):1319-1321.
- NIEUWENHUIJS D, BRUCE J, DRUMMOND GB et al.: Influence of oral tramadol on the dynamic ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in healthy volunteers. Br. J. Anaesth. (2001) 87(6):860-865.
- WARREN PM, TAYLOR JH, NICHOLSON KE WRAITH PK, DRUMMOND GB: Influence of tramadol on the ventilatory response to hypoxia in humans. Br. J. Anaesth. (2000) 85(2):211-216.
- MATTIA C, MAZZAFERRO S, COLUZZI F, LUZI M: Respiratory depression following iatrogenic tramadol overuse in a patient with chronic renal failure. J. Headache Pain (2004) 5:137-139.
- MURPHY DB, SUTTON A, PRESCOTT LF, MURPHY MB: A comparison of the effects of tramadol and morphine on gastric emptying in man. Anaesthesia (1997) 52(12):1224-1229.
- WILDER-SMITH CH, BETTIGA A: The analgesic tramadol has minimal effect on gastrointestinal motor function. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1997) 43(1):71-75.
- TSAI YC, WON SJ: Effects of tramadol on T lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity in rats with sciatic constriction injury. Pain (2001) 92(1-2):18-24.
- LEE CR, McTAVISH D, SORKIN EM: Tramadol: a preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutical potential in acute and chronic pain states. Drug (1993) 46(2):313-340.
- CLAAHSEN-VAN DER GRINTEN HL, VERBRUGGEN I, VAN DEN BERG PP, SPORKEN JMJ, KOLLÉ LAA: Different pharmacokinetics of tramadol in mothers treated for labour pain and in their neonates. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2005) 61:523-529.
- WU WN, MCKOWN LA, LIAO S: Metabolism of the analgesic drug Ultram® (tramadol hydrochloride) in humans: API-MS and MS/MS charatherization of metabolites. Xenobiotica (2002) 32(5):411-425.
- WU WN, MCKOWN LA, GAUTHIER AD, JONES WJ, RAFFA RB: Metabolism of the analgesic drug, tramadol hydrochlorid, in rat and dog. Xenobiotica (2001) 31(7):423-441.
- POULSEN L, ARENDT-NIELSEN L, BROSEN K, SINDRUP SH: The hypoalgesic effect of tramadol in relation to CYP2D6. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (1996) 60(6):636-644.
- GAN SH, ISMAIL R, WAN ADNAN WA: Correlation of tramadol pharmacokinetics and CYP2D6*10 genotype in Malaysian subjects. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. (2002) 30(2):189-195.
- TEGEDER I, LOTSCH J, GEISSLINGER G: Pharmacokinetics of opioids in liver disease. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (1999) 37(1):17-40.
- IZZEDINE H, LAUNAY-VACHER V, ABBARA C, AYMARD G, BASSILIOS N, DERAY G: Pharmacokinetics of tramadol in a hemodialysis patient. Nephron (2002) 92(3):755-756.
- SMITH KJ, MILLER AJ, NICHOLS TP, SINCLAIR KA, CAWLEY GE: Once-daily tramadol tablets: linear pharmacokinetics. 9th World Congress on Pain. Vienna, Austria (1999) Abstract.
- BODALIA B, MCDONALD CJ, SMITH KJ, O’BRIEN C, COUSENS L: A comparison of the pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and tolerability of once-daily tramadol tablets with normal release tramadol capsules. J. Pain Symptom Manage. (2003) 25(2):142-149.
- LINTZ W, BARTH H, OSTERLOH G, SCHMIDT-BOTHELT E: Bioavailability of enteral tramadol formulations. 1st communication: capsules. Arzneimittelforschung (1986) 36:1278-1283.
- ADLER L, MCDONALD C, O’BRIEN C, WILSON M: A comparison of once-daily tramadol with normal release tramadol in the treatment of pain in osteoarthritis. J. Rheumatol. (2002) 29(10):2196-2199.
- MALONNE H, COFFINER M, SONET B, SERENO A, VANDERBIST F: Efficacy and tolerability of sustained-release tramadol in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin. Ther. (2004) 26(11):1774-1782.
- MALONNE H, COFFINER M, FONTAINE D et al.: Long-term tolerability of tramadol LP, a new once-daily formulation, in patients with osteoarthritis or low back pain. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. (2005) 30(2):113-120.
- COSSMANN M, KOHNEN C, LANGFORD R, MC CARTNEY C: Tolerance and safety of tramadol use: results of international studies and data from drug surveillance. Drugs (1997) 53(Suppl. 2):50-62.
- ADAMS NJ, PLANE MB, FLEMING MF, MUNDT MP, SAUNDERS LA: Opioids and the treatment of chronic pain in a primary care sample. J. Pain Symptom Manage. (2001) 22:791-796.
- BENNETT RM, KAMIN M, KARIM R, ROSENTHAL N: Tramadol and acetaminophen combination tablets in the treatment of fibromyalgia pain: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am. J. Med. (2003) 114:537-545.
- BENNETT RM, SCHEIN J, KOSINSKI MR, HEWITT DJ, JORDAN DM, ROSENTHAL NR: Impact of fibromyalgia pain on health-related quality of life before and after treatment with tramadol/acetaminophen. Arthritis Rheum. (2005) 53:519-527.
- MATTIA C, COLUZZI F: Tramadol. Focus on musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain. Minerva Anestesiol. (2005) 71:565-584.
- GOBEL H, STADLER T: Treatment of post-herpes zoster pain with tramadol. Results of an open pilot study versus clomipramine with or without levomepromazine. Drugs (1997) 53(Suppl. 2):34-39.
- HARATI Y, GOOCH C, SWENSON M et al.: Double-blind randomized trial of tramadol for the treatment of the pain of diabetic neuropathy. Neurology (1998) 50(6):1842-1846.
- SINDRUP SH, ANDERSEN G, MADSEN C, SMITH T, BROSEN K, JENSEN TS: Tramadol relieves pain and allodynia in polyneuropathy: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Pain (1999) 83(1):85-90.
Websites
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5007a3.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC. Prevalence of disabilities and associated health conditions among adults – United States, 1999. MMWR (2001) 50:120-125. Accessed January 2006.
- http://www.rheumatology.org/public/factsheets/oa_new.asp?aud=pat American College of Rheumatology. ACR fact sheets: Osteoarthritis. Accessed January 2006.
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5318a3.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC. Update: Direct and in direct costs of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions – United States, 1997. Accessed January 2006.
- http://www.biovail.com/english/Investor%20relations/latest%20News/default.asp Biovail Investors Relations. Accessed 7 August 2006.
- http://www.theraquestinc.com/pipeline/products.htm TheraQuest Biosciences. Accessed May 2006.